9th Class Biology Chapter 8 Short Questions with Answers Solved

Question: 1

What are harmful effects due to execessive nitrogen.

Answer: 1

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Too much nitrogen can reduce yields, cause yellowing of the leaves and stunt growth.

Question: 2

Define nutrition.

Answer: 2

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The process in which food is obtained or prepared, absorbed and converted into body substances for growth and energy is called nutrition.

Question: 3

What is the balanced diet?

Answer: 3

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A balanced diet may be defined as the food, which contains all the essential nutrients in correct proportions for the normal growth and development of body.

Question: 4

What is goiter?

Answer: 4

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Goiter is condition caused by an insufficient amount of iodine in diet.Iodine is used by throuid gland to produce hormones that control the body's normal functioning and growth. If sufficient iodine is not available in a person's diet, thyroid gland becomes enlarged and in results in swelling in necm. This condition is goiter.

Question: 5

What is teh role of boron in plants' growth.

Answer: 5

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Boron is important in sugar transport, cell division and synthesizing certain enzymes.

Question: 6

What are the sources of elements to plants?

Answer: 6

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Plants absorb carbon and oxygen from air, while other elements are abosrbed from soil

Question: 7

Why do plants requre mineral clements.

Answer: 7

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Plants requre minerals for various activities and structures.

Question: 8

What is the role of iron in plant life?

Answer: 8

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Iron is necessary for photosynthesis and activates many enzymes.

Question: 9

What are heterotrophic organisms?

Answer: 9

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The organisms, which obtain their food from other organisms and use it for growth and energy, are called heterotrophic organisms.

Question: 10

What is saliva?

Answer: 10

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The juice which is released by salivary glands during chewing process is called saliva.

Question: 11

What are nutrients?

Answer: 11

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The elements and compounds that an organism obtains and uses as energy source or for the synthesis of new materials are called nutrients.

Question: 12

What are the effects of magnesium deficiency in plants?

Answer: 12

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Deficiency of magnesium causes yellowing and wilting of leaves.

Question: 13

What are causes of diarrhoea?

Answer: 13

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Diarrhoea is a condition in which the sufferer has frequent watery, loose bowel movements which are accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting it occurs when required water is not absorbed in blood from colon.

Question: 14

Define Peristalsis.

Answer: 14

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Peristalsis move food from oral cavity to rectum.Peristalsis is defined as the waves of contraction and relaxation in smooth muscle of alimentary canal.

Question: 15

Define minerals.

Answer: 15

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Minerals are inorganic elements that originate in the earth and cannot be made in body.

Question: 16

Define ingestion.

Answer: 16

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The process of taking in food is called ingestion.

Question: 17

Write the name of two juces secreted in small intestine of man.

Answer: 17

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Pancreatic juice, intestinal juice.

Question: 18

What is ulcer?

Answer: 18

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Ulcer is a sore in the inner wall of gut in ulcer, the acidic gastric juice gradually breaks down the tissue of the inner wall.

Question: 19

Write any three functions of liver.

Answer: 19

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i. Destroys old red blood cells. ii. Coverts ammonia to less toxic form i.e. urea. iii. Manufacture blood clotting proteins called fibrinogen.

Question: 20

Enlist four sources of Vitamin D.

Answer: 20

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Fish liver oil , milk, ghee, synthesized by skin.

Question: 21

What is oesophagus?

Answer: 21

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The tube, which connects pharynx to stomach, is called oesophagus. No Digestion takes place in esophagus. No Digestion takes place in oesophagus.No Digestion takes place in oesophagus. INadult human its length is 25 cm.

Question: 22

Define digestion.

Answer: 22

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Teh process of breaking up complex substances into simple substances is called digestion.

Question: 23

What is phyraynx?

Answer: 23

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A part of alimentary canal through which food in the form of bolus goes and makes special adaptations to prevent the entry of bolus particles in trachea. No digestion takes place in pharynx.

Question: 24

What is ulcer treated?

Answer: 24

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Ulcer is treated with medicines which neutralize the acidic affects of gastric juice.

Question: 25

What are proteins?

Answer: 25

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Proteins are organic compounds composed of carbon,hydrogen,oxygen and nitrogen, Proteins are composed of amino acids. These amino acids are used to produce new body protein and to replace damaged proteins.

Question: 26

Define absorption.

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The process of diffusion of digested food into blood and lymph is called absorption.

Question: 27

Describe any four sources of proteins.

Answer: 27

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Meat, eggs, grains, legumes.

Question: 28

Which foods are sources of calcium?

Answer: 28

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Humans get calcium from milk, cheese, egg yolk, beans, nuts and cabbage etc.

Question: 29

What are teh different categories of minerals?

Answer: 29

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Minerals are divided into two categories. i. Major minerals ii. Trace minerals

Question: 30

What are amino acids?

Answer: 30

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Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. These are of 20 different types.

Question: 31

How much energy is obtained per gram of lipids?

Answer: 31

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One gram of lipid contains 09 kilocalories of energy.

Question: 32

Define organic and inorganic fertilizers ?

Answer: 32

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Organic fertilizers:The fertilizers which are composed on organic compounds and obtain from plants and animals are called organic fertilizers.

Inorganic fertilizers:The fertilizers which are composed on inorganic elements are called inorganic fertilizers.

Question: 33

List the name of major minerals.

Answer: 33

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Sodium,potassium, chloride, calcium,Fluoride and iodine are major minerals.

Question: 34

What are uses of lipids?

Answer: 34

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Lipids are used to form membranes,the sheaths surrounding neurons and certain hormones. Lipids are also extremely useful sources of energy

Question: 35

Write the role of potassium in plant life?

Answer: 35

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In plant potassium regulates are the opening and closing of stoma.
It reduce water loss from the leaves

Question: 36

What are vitamins/

Answer: 36

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Vitamins are chemical compounds that are required in low amounts but are essential normal growth and metabolism.

Question: 37

Describe the role of chlorine and nickle in plants ?

Answer: 37

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Chlorine:Involved in osmosis of water.

Nickle:Required in a nitrogen metabolism.

Question: 38

Name two natural inorganic fertilizers ?

Answer: 38

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Rock phosphate
Elements sulphur
Gypsum

Question: 39

What is the role of Nitrogen?

Answer: 39

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Nitrogen is the major component of protein, homones chlorophyll, vitamins and enzymes are essential for plant life.
Deficiency of nitrogen can reduce yields.

Question: 40

What is lipids?

Answer: 40

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The lipids present in food are are composed of fatty acids bonded to glycerol. The Fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated.

Question: 41

What are the health risks if we take more saturated fatty acids in our diet ?

Answer: 41

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Saturated fatty acids can increase a person's cholesterol level. an increased cholesterol level may eventually result in the clogging of arteries and ultimately heat disease.

Question: 42

What are sources of minerals?

Answer: 42

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Most of the minerals in humans diet come directly from plant and water, or indirectly from animal foods.

Question: 43

Write the name of fat soluble vitamins ?

Answer: 43

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Fat soluble Vitamin include A,D, E and K.

Question: 44

Which foods are sources of iron.

Answer: 44

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Human get iron from red meat, egg yolk, whole, wheat fist, spinach and mustard etc.

Question: 45

Define Major minerals ?

Answer: 45

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Daily requirements of major minerals is about 100 mg or more. Sodium, potassium, chloride, Calcium, Magnesium & phosphorus are its example.

Question: 46

List the name of Trace minerals.

Answer: 46

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Iron, Zinc,Copper,Chromium, Fluoride and iodine are face minerals.

Question: 47

What are the source of vitamin C ?

Answer: 47

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We get vitamin C from citrus fruits leafy green vegetables, beef liver etc.

Question: 48

Difference between Autotrophs and Hetetrops ?

Answer: 48

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Autotrophs:The organisms which can prepare their food are called autotrops like plants.

Hetetrops:The organisms which cannot prepare their food are called hetetrops like animals.

Question: 49

Write the name of its two kinds of fertilizers ?

Answer: 49

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Organic Fertilizer
Inorganic Fertilizer

Question: 50

What are water soluble vitamins?

Answer: 50

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The vitamins which are readily dissolved in water is called water soluble vitamins.

Question: 51

Difference between Micronutrients and macronutrients ?

Answer: 51

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Micronutrients:The nutrient which are required by plants in less quantity are known as Micronutrients

Macronutrients:The nutrient which are required by animals in greater quantity are known as Macronutrients

Question: 52

Define protein ?

Answer: 52

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They are composed of amino acids. Many protein also acts as enzymes and use for getting energy. 1 gram of proteins gives 04 kilo calories.

Question: 53

What is night blindness?

Answer: 53

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Deficiency of vitamin A is the leading cause of blindness in children world wide. one of the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness.

Question: 54

What is important of fertilizers in Agriculture ?

Answer: 54

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Fertilizers increase the yield of crop, fertilizers increases the capacity of water drainage, Aeration & nutrient holding capacity of the soil .

Question: 55

What is the role of phosphorus in living organisms?

Answer: 55

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Phosphorus is responsible for development and maintenance of bones and teeth, blood clothing.

Question: 56

Define Eutrophication ?

Answer: 56

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Eutrophication is increases in chemical nutrients in an ecosystem

Question: 57

What are the Lipids?

Answer: 57

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They are important food nutrients and are composed of fatty acids bonded to glycerol.

Question: 58

What is the role of magnesium in plant ?

Answer: 58

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Magnesium is an essential component of chlorophyll molecules.
Deficiency of Magnesium cause yellowing of leaves and its wiling.
Magnesium is used in the formation of furits and Nuts. It is also essential for seed germination.

Question: 59

How does iodine function in our body?

Answer: 59

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Iodine is a mineral found in some foods. Iodine is compulsory for normal functioning of thyroid glands in our body.

Question: 60

Describe the role of iron in plant life ?

Answer: 60

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Iron is necessory nutrient for photosynthesis.
Iron activate many enzyme in plant body.

Question: 61

Write role of iron in human body?

Answer: 61

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Role of iron in human body:

Iron plays a major role in oxygen transport and storage.
Cellular energy product on also requires iron.

Question: 62

What do you mean by carbohydrates ?

Answer: 62

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Carbohydrates are the compound composed of carbon and hydrogen. they are basic source of energy. Simplest carbohydrates is glucose.

Question: 63

Define saturated fatty acid ?

Answer: 63

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Saturated fatty acid have all of their carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms.
They are solid usually at room temperature.

Question: 64

What is meant by dehydration ?

Answer: 64

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The loss of excess of water is called dehydration.

Question: 65

How vitamin A is responsible for night blindness ?

Answer: 65

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Vitamin A was the first fat-soluble vitamin identified. it combine with a protein called opsin to form rhodopsin in rod cell of the retina of eye.

Question: 66

What do you mean by vitamin?

Answer: 66

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Vitamin are chemical compounds that are required in low amounts but are essential for normal growth and metabolism.

Question: 67

What is protein energy malnutrition?

Answer: 67

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Protein energy malnutrition means insuffient available or absorption of protein and energy in the body.
PM is the major cause of death of infants in developing countries.
PEM may be the cause of :

a) Kwashior b) Marasmus

Question: 68

Write components of human food ?

Answer: 68

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Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Mineral
Vitamins
Water
Dietary Fibers

Question: 69

What is osteomalacia?

Answer: 69

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Defficiency of vitamin D is the cause of osteomalacia, Bones become soft and increases risk of fractures in bones.

Question: 70

Define water soluble ?

Answer: 70

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Water soluble vitamins include vitamin B and C Water soluble vitamins eliminate from the body and do not store within the body.

Question: 71

What do you know about Marasmus ?

Answer: 71

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The disease usually develops in infant between the age of 06 months to one years,
the patient lose their all fat and the muscle strength and acquire a skinny skeletal appearance
It is an example of protein energy malnutrition.

Question: 72

What is the importance of Vitamin C ?

Answer: 72

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Vitamin C participates in many reaction it is needed to from collagen that gives strength to connective tissues. Collagen is also needed for the healing of wounds.

Question: 73

Write name of two diseases due to protein energy malnutrition?

Answer: 73

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Kwashiokor
Marasmus

Question: 74

Name two disease cause by the deficiency of vitamin D. ?

Answer: 74

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In children, Vitamin-D deficiency leads to rickets.
In adults, Vitamin-D deficieny cause osteomalacia, or "Softening" bones incresing the risk for fractures in bones.

Question: 75

What is famine ?

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Lack of enough food to feed all people living in an area is known as famine

Question: 76

Why is digestion neccessory for human cells ?

Answer: 76

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Cells of human body require oxygen, water, salts amino acid, simple sugar, fatty acid and vitamin etc. these can cross cell membrane to entre cells.

Question: 77

Write down the diseases caused by the deficiency of vitamin A?

Answer: 77

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Night blindness
Dry Skin
Retard Growth

Question: 78

Define balance Diet.

Answer: 78

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A balanced diet may be defined as the one which contains all the essential nutrients in correct proportion for the normal growth and development of the body.

Question: 79

Write down the four sources Vitamin A can obtained?

Answer: 79

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Humans get vitamin A from leafy vegetables yellow/orange fruits liver, fish, egg, milk, butter, etc.

Question: 80

What is Gastric juice ?

Answer: 80

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Gastric gland of stomach secrete gastric juice the enzymes pepsinogen is present in it.

Question: 81

What is Drought ?

Answer: 81

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A drought is a period of time when there is not enough water to support agriculture and humans needs. Drought is usually due to long period of below-normal rainfull.

Question: 82

Describe two function of oral cavity ?

Answer: 82

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Food selection is one function of oral cavity.
the second function of oral cavity is grinding of food by teeth

Question: 83

Write any four symptoms of deficiency of vitamin C ?

Answer: 83

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Pain in muscles and joints
Swollen and bleeding gums
Slow healing of wounds
Dry Skin

Question: 84

Write down any two Advantages of fibrous food?

Answer: 84

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Soluble fibers helps in lowering blood cholesterol.
Insoluble fibers speeds up the movements of carcinogens from intestine

Question: 85

Define Alimentary canal ?

Answer: 85

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The digestive system of human consists of a long tube that extends from mouth to anus.this tube is called alimentary canal or gut.

Question: 86

Which diseases are caused due to the deficiency of calcium in human beings?

Answer: 86

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Spontaneous discharge of never impulses which may result in tetany.
bones become soft.
Blood clot slowly
Wounds heal slowly.

Question: 87

How ulcer is treated ?

Answer: 87

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ulcer is treated with medicines which neutralize the acidic affect of gastric juice spicy Acidic food and smoking should be avoided as preventive measures.

Question: 88

Write symptoms of goiter and aneamia ?

Answer: 88

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Symptoms of goiter:Goiter is a condition which is caused by an insuffient amount of iodine in the diet. If sufficient iodine is not available in a person diet the thyroid gland becomes enlarged and it results in swelling in the neck and the condition is known as goiter.

Question: 89

What is difference between nutrition and nutrients

Answer: 89

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Nutrition: The process in which food is obtained prepared or absorbed and converted into body substance for growth and energy is called nutrition

Question: 90

Define villi?

Answer: 90

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There are circular folds in the inner wall of ileum these folds have numerious finger-like projection called villi

Question: 91

What is meant by vitamins?

Answer: 91

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Vitamins are chemical compound that are required in low amounts but are essential for normal growth an metabolism.

Question: 92

Define Mastication?

Answer: 92

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Mechanical digestion of food is called mastication. It is include grinding and chewing the food by teeth also called mastication

Question: 93

Write the role of potassium in plant life

Answer: 93

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Role iron in plants life

Iron is necessary nutrient for photosynthesis

Iron activates many enzymes in plants body

Question: 94

Write two effects of increase population ?

Answer: 94

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In spite of the global increases in food production, million of human beings are undernourished in the over populated regions of world, large populations over use natural resources to grow maximum food in order to meet the problems of food shortage.

Question: 95

What do you known about liver ?

Answer: 95

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Liver:

Liver is the largest gland of the human body.
It is situated beneath the diaphragm on the right side of abdomen.
Lobes are its raised parts and its apparent colour is dark red

Question: 96

What is function of Vitmain C in body

Answer: 96

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Vitamin C participates in many reactions It is needed to form collagen that gives strength to connective tissues Collagen is also needed for the healing of wounds

Question: 97

What is Dietary Fiber?

Answer: 97

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Dietary Fiber also known as "roughage" Which is the part of human food that is undigestable. It found only in plant foods and it moves undigestable. it is found only in plant foods and it moves undigested through stomach and small intestine and into colon.

Question: 98

Define churning ?

Answer: 98

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Food is further broken down in stomach through churning stomach wall muscles contract and relax. these muscular movement help in release of gastric juice and mixing of food.

Question: 99

Write Major cause of Famine ?

Answer: 99

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Unequal distribution of food
Drought
Flooding

Question: 100

How does iodine function in our body

Answer: 100

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Iodine is a mineral found in some foods iodine is compulsory for normal functioning of Thyroid glands in our body

Question: 101

What are macronutrients

Answer: 101

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Micronutrients: The nuterients which ar required by plants in less quantitiy are known as Micronuttients

Question: 102

Name the common forms of malnutrition?

Answer: 102

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Protein-energy malnutrition
Mineral deficiency diseases
Over-intake of nutrient

Question: 103

Which is the parts are there in human alimentary canal?

Answer: 103

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Oral cavity
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestines
Large intestine

Question: 104

What do you know about Marasmus

Answer: 104

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Marasmus: This disease usually develops in infant between the age of 6 month to one year

The patient children lose their all fat and muscle children with marasmus show poor growth and look smaller than their actual age

It is an example of protein energy malnutrition

Question: 105

What are Lipids

Answer: 105

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Lipids: They are important food nutrients and are composed of fatty acids bonded to glycerol

Question: 106

Write the source of the soluble dietary fibers?

Answer: 106

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Oat Grains
Legumes
Barley
Many fruits & Vegetables

Question: 107

What is world food program?

Answer: 107

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World food Program:The world food program is the food aid branch of the united nations.

Question: 108

What is bile juice and what is its function ?

Answer: 108

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Bile juice is secretion of liver and helps in digestion of lipids through emulsification.

Question: 109

What is function of calcium and iron in human body.

Answer: 109

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Calcium is essential for the development and maintenance of bones and teeth. It is also needed for maintaining cell membranes and connective tissues and for the activation ofseveral enzymes .

Calcium also aids in blood clotting. Iron plays a major role in oxygen transport aid storage. Iron also supports immune function.

Question: 110

What cause of osteomalacia

Answer: 110

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Deficiency of vitamin D is the cause of osteomalacia Bones become soft and increases risk of fractures in bones

Question: 111

What is Anaemia ?

Answer: 111

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literal meaning of the term Anaemia is deficiency of blood" An anaemia patient is weak and its cell face less supply of oxygen.

Question: 112

What is difference between pesin and pepsinogen ?

Answer: 112

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pepsinogen is inactive from of pepsin enzyme and it is converted to pepsin in the presence of HCL in the gastric juice. pepsin helps in hydrolyses of protein in digestion process.

Question: 113

What is meant by Sphincter ?

Answer: 113

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Opening which are guarded by muscles are called sphincter.

Question: 114

Write symptoms of Goiter and Anemia

Answer: 114

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Goiter is a condition which is caused by an insufficient amount of iodine in the diet If sufficient iodine is not available in person diet the thyroid gland becomes enlarged and it results in swelling in the neck and the condition is known as goiter

Symptoms of Anemia The main cause of this disease is decrease in quantity of Red Blood Cells If iron is not available to the body in required amount then reasonable amount of hemoglobin molecule is not formed Hence functional red blood cell's decrease in number

Question: 115

What is Kwashioikor?

Answer: 115

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Kwashioikor is due to protein deficiency at the age of about 12 month when breast feeding is discontinued.it can also develop at any time during a child growing years.

Question: 116

What is difference between Organic and Inorganic fertilizer

Answer: 116

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Organic Fertilizers: The fertilizers which are composed on organic compounds and obtained from plants and animals are called organic fertilizers

Question: 117

What is meant by digestion?

Answer: 117

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The process of breaking up complex substance into simples substances.

Question: 118

What is meant by Diary Fiber

Answer: 118

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Dietary fiber also known as roughage which is the part of human food that is indigestible It is found only in plant foods and it moves undigested through stomach small intestine and into colon

Question: 119

Define Minerals ?

Answer: 119

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Minerals are inorganic elements that originate in the earth and cannot be made in the body. They play important role in various body function and are necessary to maintain health.

Question: 120

What is Assimilation ?

Answer: 120

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A phase of digestion which involed in the conversion or incorporation of absorbed simple food into the complex substance constituting the body is called assimilation

Question: 121

Write food sources of protein

Answer: 121

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Proteins They are composed of amino acids Many proteins also acts as enzymes and use for getting energy 1gram of protein gives 4kilo calories

Question: 122

What is Goiter ?

Answer: 122

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Goiter is a condition which is caused by an insufficient amount of iodne in the diet.

Question: 123

Bolus is a piece of food

Answer: 123

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During the process of chewing lubrications and semi digestion the pieces of food are rolled up by the tongue into small slippery spherical mass called bolus We swallow bolus and push it in esophagus and pharynx

Question: 124

What is difference between Organic and inorganic fertilization?

Answer: 124

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The distinction between the organic and inorganic fertilized fertilizers is not always clear cut urea, for example, is an organic compound, but chemically synthesized urea is generally grouped with inorganic fertilizers

Question: 125

Write the composition of Gastric juice?

Answer: 125

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Gastric juice is secreted from Gastric gland its main function is to digest protein in the stomach. Composition of Gastric juice. 1) Water 2) Mucous 3) Hydrochloric acid 4) Pepsinogen

Question: 126

Which is largest gland of human body. and where it located ?

Answer: 126

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Liver is the largest gland of body. it is multi-lobed and dark reddish in appearance.it lies beneath the diaphragm on the right side of abdomen.

Question: 127

How deficiency of vitamin A causes blindness

Answer: 127

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Vitamin A was the first fat-soluble vitamin identified in 1913 It combines with a protein called opsin to form rhodopsin in rod cells of the retina of eye When vitamin A is inadequate the lack of rhodopsin makes difficult to see in dim light and causes night blindness

Question: 128

What is meant by Starvation ?

Answer: 128

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Starvation means the severe deficiency of in take nutrients and energy. It is the disastrous results of malnutrition. Prolonged starvation in human may damage organs permanently and ultimate

Question: 129

What Goiter

Answer: 129

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Goiter is a condition which is caused by an insufficient amount of iodine oin the diet If sufficient iodine is not available in a person diet the thyroid gland becomes enlarged and it results in swelling in the neck and the condition is known as goiter

Question: 130

What is meant by Peristalsis ?

Answer: 130

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Peristalsis is the movement of food from oral cavity towards rectum. in other words it is define as Peristalsis means wave motion of contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles in the wall of alimentray canal

Question: 131

Differentiate between Major Minerals and Trace Minerals

Answer: 131

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Major Minerals: Daily requirement of major minerals is about 100 mg or more Sodium Potassium Chloride, Calcium, Magnesium phosphorus are its examples

Question: 132

Name two diseases cause by the deficiency of minerals ?

Answer: 132

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Anaemia
Goiter

Question: 133

Write two diseases cause by the defficiencyof minerals

Answer: 133

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An in reduced need for the mineral lack of the mineral in the diet, or difficulty absorbing the mineral from food are some of the more commonreasons mineral deficienciescan lead to a health problem weak bones , Fatique

Question: 134

What is meant by dehydration

Answer: 134

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The loss of excess of water is called dehydration

Question: 135

Why pepsin does not digest stomach wall ?

Answer: 135

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Pepsin is secreted as inactive pepsinogen, which requires HCL for activation.The mucous of gastric juice form a thick coating over the inner walls of stomach and neutralizes the HCL there. it make pepsinogen difficult to be activated and do digest stomach wall.

Question: 136

Write the difference between assimilation and defection?

Answer: 136

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Assimilation:A phase of digestion which is involed in the conversion or incorportion of absorbed simple food into the complex substance constituting the body is called assinilation.

Defection:Elimination of undigested food from the body is called defection.

Question: 137

What are meant by saturated and unsaturated fatty

Answer: 137

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Lipids: Lipds are important nutrients and present in both plants and animals They are present in food and are composed of fatty acids bonded to glycerol The fatty acids of lipids may be saturated or unsaturated

Question: 138

What is difference between assimilation and absorption

Answer: 138

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The difference between assimilation and absorption is given below

Question: 139

Define epiglottis and Glottties?

Answer: 139

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Epiglottis

Small flap at the back of the tongue; it closes the greatest when we swallow to that food does not go sown into tracher

Question: 140

What is obesity ?

Answer: 140

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Obesity means becoming over weight and it may also be due to malnutrition. people who take food that contains energy more than their requirement and do malnutrition. people who take food that contains energy more than their requirements and do very little physical work can become obese

Question: 141

What is meant by WFP?

Answer: 141

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WFP stand for world food program it is the food aid branch of the united nations. It is the world's largest agency providing food to more than 90 million people in 80 countries.

Question: 142

Write three parts of large intestine ?

Answer: 142

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Caecum
Colon
Rectum

Question: 143

What is difference between Autotrophs and hetertrophs

Answer: 143

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Autotrophs: The organisms which can prepare their food are called autotrophs like plants

Question: 144

What is Famine

Answer: 144

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Famine: Lack of enough food to feed all people living in an area is know as famine

Question: 145

Write down the names of diseases caused by the deficiency of Vitamin A

Answer: 145

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Following are some diseases caused by deficiency of

Night Blindness
Dry skin
Retard Growth

Question: 146

What is meant by digestion ?

Answer: 146

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Process in which large and non-diffusible molecules are converted in to smaller and diffusible molecules is called digestion

Question: 147

Write two function of HCL?

Answer: 147

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Function of HCL:

HCL converts the inactive enzyme pepsinogen in to its active form pepsin.
HCL also kills microorganisms present in food.

Question: 148

Write name of two diseases of gut ?

Answer: 148

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Diseases:Following are some gut diseases that affect a number of people in pakistan

Constipation
Ulcer
Diarrhoea

Question: 149

Write three part of large intestine

Answer: 149

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It has three parts; Caecum (or Punch that form the T.junction with small intestine) Calon and rectum from colon water is absorbe into blood

Question: 150

Write a short note on gastric gland

Answer: 150

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Gastric Gland: Gastric glands are situated on inner most layer of stomach cavity and are composed of Epithelial tissues
Gastric gland secrete Gastric juice which contains water Hydrochloric Acid and a protein digesting Inactive enzyme pepsinogen

Question: 151

Write Components of Human Food

Answer: 151

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Components of human Food:

Carbohydrates
proteins
Vitamins
Dietary Fibers
Lipids
Minerals
Water

Question: 152

What is the major causes of ulcer in stomach ?

Answer: 152

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Stomach ulcer is known as gastric ulcer the causes of ulcer include excess acid infection long term use of anti-inflammatory medicines smoking, drinking, coffee, colas and eating spicy foods.

Question: 153

Wrote three parts of large intestine

Answer: 153

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Caecum
Colon
Rectum

Question: 154

Write the name of two juice secreted in small intestine of man

Answer: 154

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Pancreatic juice

Intestinal juice

Question: 155

Write down any two advatages of Fibrous food

Answer: 155

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Advantages: Fiber prevents and relieves constipation by stimulating the contraction of intestinalmuscles avoiding constipation reduces the risk of many other diseases

Soluble fiber helps in lowering blood cholesterol

Insoluble fiber speeds up the movements of carcinogens cancer causing agents from intestine

Question: 156

Write any four symptoms of deficiency of vitmamin

Answer: 156

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Symptoms of Scurvy:

Pain in Muscles and joints
Swollen and Bleeding Gums
Slow healing of wounds
Dry Skin

Question: 157

What is ballancediet?

Answer: 157

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A ballancediet may be defined as the one which contains all the essential nutrients in correct proportion for normal growth and development of body

Question: 158

Write the difference between assimilation and defection

Answer: 158

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Assimilation: A phase of digestion which is involved in the conversion or incorporation of absorbed simple food called assimilation

Question: 159

What is Absorption ?

Answer: 159

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A phase of digestion in which diffusion of digested food in to blood and lymph is carried out is called Absorption

Question: 160

What is role of Nitrogen and Magnesium in Plants life

Answer: 160

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Role of Nitrogen: Nitrogen is a major component of proteins hormones chlorophyIIB vitamins and enzymes are essential for plant life

Deficiencies of nitrogen can reduce yields

Question: 161

Write down two function of oral cavity ?

Answer: 161

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Food selection is first function of Ora cavity.
The second function or oral cavity is the grinding of food by teeth.

Question: 162

What is Anaemia

Answer: 162

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Anemia: Literal meaning of the term Anemia is Deficiency of blood An anemic patient is weak and its cell face less supply of oxygen

Question: 163

What is Bile juice and what is its function

Answer: 163

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Bile juice is secretion liver and helps in digestion of lipid through emulsification

Question: 164

Write down symptoms of Diarrhoea

Answer: 164

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Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting

Question: 165

Differentiate between Fat Soluble and Water Soluble Vitamins

Answer: 165

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Fat Soluble Vitamins include vitamins A,D,E AND K fat Soluble vitamins do not eliminates from the body That's why its deficiency normally do not occur Fat Soluble vitamins hence store inside the body

Question: 166

How will you differentiate between bolus and chyme?

Answer: 166

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Bolus

During the processes of chewing, lubrication and semi-digestion, the pieces of food are rolled up by the tongue into small slippery , sphericalmass called bolus

Question: 167

What is gastric juice Also write down its chemical composition

Answer: 167

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Gastric juice Gastric juice is secreted from Gastric gland Its main function is to digest proteins in the stomach

Question: 168

What is meant by Bolus ?

Answer: 168

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Partially digested food rolled up by the tongue in to small slippery, spherical mass called bolus.

Question: 169

Define Eutrophication

Answer: 169

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Eutrophication is increase in chemical nutrients in an ecosystem

Question: 170

Why pepsin does not digest stomach wall

Answer: 170

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Pepsin is secreted as inactive pepsinogen which requires HCI for activation The mucoid of gastric juice forms a thick coating over the inner walls of stomach and neutralizes the HCI there It makes pepsinogen difficult to be activated and to digest stomach wall

Question: 171

What is meant by vitamins

Answer: 171

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Vitamins: itramins are chemical compounds that are required in low amounts but are essential for normal growth and metabolism

Vitamin A From rhodopsin in road Cells of the retina of eye when vitamin A is inadequate the lack of rhodopsin makes it difficult to see
Vitamin A also support bone growth and immune functions

Question: 172

Write the role of potassium and calcium is human body

Answer: 172

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Role of calcium in human body: Calcium is essential for the development and maintenance of bones and teeth

It is also needed for maintaining cell membrane and connective tissues and for the activation of several enzymes

Calcium also aids in blood clotting

Question: 173

What is meant by Defecation ?

Answer: 173

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Elimination of undigested food from the body

Question: 174

What is meant by Ingestion ?

Answer: 174

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The process of taking in food.

Question: 175

Why is digestion necessary for human cells

Answer: 175

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Cells of human's body require oxygen water salts amino acid simple sugar fatty acid and vitamins etc These can cross cell membranes to enter cells Amino acid simple sugar and fatty acid are rare in our environment Such substances are usually part of larger molecules like protein polysaccharides and lipids which cannot cross cell membrane There is a need of converting such large and not diffusible molecules into smaller and diffusible molecules This is achieved through the process of digestion

Question: 176

Define coefficient of linear thermal expansion and water is it's Si unit?

Answer: 176

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If a rod for one meter length is heated through a temperature difference of 1k then the change in the length of rod is called linear. Thermal expansion which has unit k^-1

Question: 177

Enlist preventive measures to save from Ulcer

Answer: 177

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Preventive Measure: We should abstain from spices Acidic food and smoking to save us from Ulcer

Question: 178

What do you meant by carbohydrates

Answer: 178

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Carbohydrates are the compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen They are basic source of energy Simplest carbohydrate is glucose

Question: 179

What is meant by Cardiac sphinctes ?

Answer: 179

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Cardiac sphinctes is between is between stomach and oesophagus.

Question: 180

Write name of two diseases due to protein energy malnutrition

Answer: 180

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Kwashiorkor , Marasmus

Question: 181

Write a short note on Gastric gland ?

Answer: 181

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Gastric gland are situated on inner most layer of stomach cavity and are composed of Epithelial tissues
Gastric gland secrete Gastric gland secrete Gastric juice which contain water hydrochloric acid and a protein digesting inactive enzyme pepsinogen

Question: 182

Write the name of two juices secreted in small intestine of man?

Answer: 182

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Pancreatic Juice
Intestine Juice

Question: 183

Name the two disease cause by deficiency of vitamin D

Answer: 183

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In children vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets In adults vitamin D deficiency cause osteomalacia or softening bones increasing the risk for fractures in bones

Question: 184

What is difference between Autotrophs and Heterotophs

Answer: 184

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Autotrophic organisms obtain water, Carbon dioxide and minerals from their environment and prepare their food which is then used for growth and energy

Question: 185

What are Minerals and from where we get them

Answer: 185

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Minerals: Minerals are inorganic elements that originate in the earth and cannot be made in the body They play important role in various body functions and are necessary to maintain health

Question: 186

What is Gastric Juice

Answer: 186

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Gastric glands of stomach secrete gastric juice The enzyme pepsinogen is present in it

Question: 187

What is stomoch ?

Answer: 187

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Stomach is a dilated part of alimentary canal. its shape is like English alphabets "J" It is situated beneath the diaphragm on the left side of the body with in abdomen

Question: 188

What are water soluble Vitamins? Give two examples

Answer: 188

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A vitamin is an organic molecule that is an essential micronutrient that an organism needs in small quantitiesfor the proper functioning of its metabolism (vitamin B1) (vitamin B2) are examples

Question: 189

What is Appendix

Answer: 189

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From the blind end of caecum there arises a non-functional finger-like process called appendix severe pain The infected appendix must be removed surgically otherwise it may burst and the inflammation may spread in abdomen

Question: 190

What is world food program

Answer: 190

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World Food Program; The world food program is the food aid branch of the united nation

World food program distributes food world wide

It provides food to more than 90 million people in 80 countries

Question: 191

Bolus is a place of food .how?

Answer: 191

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During the process of chewing, lubrication and semidigestion the pieces of food are rolled up by the tongue into small,slippery spherical mass called bolus.

Question: 192

What aremicronutrients? Give Example.

Answer: 192

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The nutrients which are required in large are called .

Question: 193

Write two effects of increasing population

Answer: 193

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In spit of the global increase in food production millions of human beings are undernourished In the over-populated regions of world, large populations over use natural resource to grow maximum food in order to meet the problems of food shortage It leads to dry and infertile lands and depletion of resources In such situations crops can no longer be grown and famines result

Question: 194

Write down two function of liver ?

Answer: 194

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It removes amino groups from amino acids i.e. de-lamination.
Destroys the old red blood cells.

Question: 195

What is ulcer

Answer: 195

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Ulcer: Ulcer peptic ulcer is a sore in the inner wall of gut In ulcer the acidic gastric juice gradually breaks down the tissue of the inner wall

Question: 196

What is meant by digestion

Answer: 196

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Process in which large and non-diffusible molecules are converted into smaller and diffusible molecules is called digestion i.e salts amino acids, simple sugars fatty acids and vitamins etc

Question: 197

What is difference between nutritionsand nutrition?

Answer: 197

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Nutrition

The process in which food is obtained or prepared, absorbed and converted into body substance, for growth and energy is called nutrition.

Question: 198

What are fertilizers

Answer: 198

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Fertilizers: Materials which are added to soil resulted in plants with desirable characteristics more fruit faster growth more attractive are called fertilizers

Question: 199

What is gall bladder?

Answer: 199

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A pear shaped greenish yellow sac i.e "gall bladders " lies along the right lobe of liver on ventral side.

Question: 200

Name two diseases cause by the deficiency of Minerals

Answer: 200

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Anemia, Goiter

Question: 201

Name the two natural inorganic fertilizers

Answer: 201

201-271

Rock phosphate
Elemental Sulphur
Gypsum

Question: 202

What is meant by Appendix ?

Answer: 202

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From the blind end of caecum there arises a non-functional finger-like process called appendix.

Question: 203

Write any two function of large intestine ?

Answer: 203

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From colon water is absorbed into blood as water is absorbed the solid remain of food are called faces
Faces are temporarily stored in rectum, which opens out through anus. under normal condition when the rectum is filled up the faces it gives rise to a reflex and anus is called opened for defection

Question: 204

Write benefit of Mastication

Answer: 204

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Mechanical digestion of food is called Mastication It is include grinding and chewing the food by teeth also called Mastication

Question: 205

Define nutrition

Answer: 205

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The process in which food is obtained or preparedabsorbed and converted into bodysubstance for growth and energy is called nutrition.

Question: 206

Write any for symptoms or deficiency of vitamin c

Answer: 206

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Symptoms of scurvy include muscle and joint pain, swollen and bleeding gums, slow wounds heaving, and dry skin.

Question: 207

Write disadvantages of saturated fatty acids

Answer: 207

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Saturated fatty acids can increase a person's cholesterol level may eventually result in the clogging of arteries and ultimately heart disease

Question: 208

Write the role of duodenum in small intestine.

Answer: 208

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Duodenum:It comprises of first 10 inch 25(cm) of small intestine and it is the part of aliminetary canal where most of the digestive progress occurs.

Question: 209

What is ulcer ?

Answer: 209

209-271

Ulcer is a sore in the inner wall of gut in ulcer the acidic gastric juice gradually breaks down the tissue of the inner wall

Question: 210

What is differentiate between the term Ingestion and digestion

Answer: 210

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The difference between ingestion and digestion is given

Question: 211

What do you mean by vitamin

Answer: 211

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Vitamin: Vitamins are chemical compounds that are required in low amounts but are essential for normal growth and metabolism

Question: 212

Write down the symptoms of diarrhoea ?

Answer: 212

212-271

Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting

Question: 213

What is stomach

Answer: 213

213-271

Stomach is a dilated part of Alimentary Canal its shape is like English alphabet It is situated beneath the diaphragm on left inside of the body within abdomen the diaphragm on left side of the body within abdomen

Question: 214

What is night blindness

Answer: 214

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Deficiency of vitamin A is the leading cause of blindness in children worldwide One of the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness It is a temporary condition but if left treated It can cause permanent blindness

Question: 215

What is meant by cardiac and pyloric sphincter

Answer: 215

215-271

Muscles are responsible for opening and closing of sphincter Stomach has two sphincters

Question: 216

What is meant by preventive Measure ?

Answer: 216

216-271

We should abstain from spices acidic food and smoking to save us from Ulcer.

Question: 217

Which is largest gland of human body and where it located

Answer: 217

217-271

Liver is the largest gland of body It is multi lobed and dark reddish in appearance it lies beneath the diaphragm on the right side of abdomen

Question: 218

What do you mean by peristalsis

Answer: 218

218-271

Peristalsis: Peristalsis is the movement of food from oral cavity towards Rectum In words it is defined as Peristalsis means wave motion of contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles in the wall of Alimentary canal

Question: 219

Describe the role of chlorine and nickel in plants

Answer: 219

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Chlorine: Involved in osmosis of water

Nickel: Required in a nitrogen metabolism

Question: 220

Write any two functions of largeintestine

Answer: 220

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Functions of large intestine:

From colon water is absorbed into blood As water is absorbed the solid remains of food are called faces Faces mainly consists of the undigested material Large number of bacteria sloughed off cells of alimentary canal bile pigments and water are also part of faces it gives rise to a reflex and anus is opened for defection

Question: 221

Write the role of duodenum in small intestine

Answer: 221

221-271

Duodenum: It comprises of first 10 inch of small intestine and it is the part of alimentary canal where most of the digestive progress occurs Here food is further juice and intestinal juice

Question: 222

From which sources Vitamin A can obtained

Answer: 222

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Humans get vitamin A from leafy vegetables spinach carrots yellow orange fruits mango liver fish egg milk butter etc

Question: 223

What are the source of the soluble dietary Fibers

Answer: 223

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Sources of Soluble Dietary Fibers:

Oat Grains
Legumes
Barley
Many fruit

Question: 224

What is Diarrhoea

Answer: 224

224-271

Diarrhea: Diarrhea is a condition in which the suffer has frequent watery loose bowel movement

Question: 225

What is gall bladder

Answer: 225

225-271

A pear shaped greenish yellow sac i.e Gall bladder lies along the right lobe of liver on ventral side

Question: 226

What is the importance of fertilizers in Agriculture

Answer: 226

226-271

Fertilizers increase the yield of crops Fertilizers increase the capacity of water drainage Aeration nutrient holding capacity of the soil

Question: 227

What are dietary fibers?

Answer: 227

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Dietary fibre(also known as (roughage") is the part of human food that is indigestible it is found only in plant foods and it moves undigested through stomach and small intestine and into calon

Question: 228

Define Balance Diet

Answer: 228

228-271

A balanced diet may be defined as the one which contains all the essential nutrients carbohydrates proteins lipids minerals vitamins in correct proportion for the normal growth and development of the body It should include different types of nutrients and should be according to the energy requirements

Question: 229

What is Obesity

Answer: 229

229-271

Obesity means becoming over-weight and it may also be due to malnutrition People who take food that contains energy more than their requirement and do very little physical work can become bosses Obesity is known as the mother-disease and may lead to heart problems hypertension diabetes etc

Question: 230

What is marasmus?

Answer: 230

230-271

Usually develops between the ages of six months and one year patients lose all their body fat and musclestrength, and acquire a skeletal appearance

Question: 231

What do you mean by Nutrition

Answer: 231

231-271

Nutrition: The process in which food is obtained or prepared absorbed and converted into body substance for growth and energy is called nutrition

Question: 232

What are water soluble vitamins

Answer: 232

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Water soluble vitamins: The vitamins which are readily dissolved in water are called water soluble vitamins

Question: 233

Major Causes of Famine

Answer: 233

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Major Causes of Famine: Following are some major causes of famine

Unequal distribution of Food

Drought

Flooding

Increasing Population

Question: 234

Write any two function of large intestine

Answer: 234

234-271

When the digested food inters into the large intestine, the water is absorbed from it and enters into the blood

Faces is stored in the rectum , a part of large intestine.

Question: 235

Write name of Fat Soluble vitamins

Answer: 235

235-271

Fat soluble vitamin include A,D,E AND K

Question: 236

What is the role of Phosphorus in living organisms

Answer: 236

236-271

Phosphorus is responsible for development and maintenance of bones and teeth blood clotting

Question: 237

What is diarrhea? What are its causes?

Answer: 237

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Diarrhea is a condition in which the sufferershas frequent water , loose bowl movements, This condition may be accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting it occurs when required water is not absorbed in blood from colon. The main cause of diarrhea includes lack of adequatesafe water viral or bacterial infections oflarge intestine,

Question: 238

What is the role of calcium and Magnesium in plant life

Answer: 238

238-271

Role of Clacium in Pants life:

Calcium in plants activates enzyme

Calcium a constituent of plant cell wall

Calcium affects movement of water in plant cells

Question: 239

What is difference between pepsin and pepsinogen

Answer: 239

239-271

Pepsinogen is inactive form of pepsin enzyme and it is converted to pepsin in the presence of HCL in the gastric juice Pepsin helps in hydrolyses of protein in digestion process

Question: 240

From where Vitamin A and Vitamin D are obtained

Answer: 240

240-271

Vitamins: Vitamin A

Green leaved vegetables Spinach Carrot
Yellow fruit
Fish
Liver
Eggs
Milk
Butter

Question: 241

What is Protein Energy Malutritioin

Answer: 241

241-271

Protein energy malnutrition means insuffient availability or absorption of protein and energy in the body

PM is the major cause of death of infants in developing countries

PEM may be the cause of

Kwashiorkor, Marasmus

Question: 242

What are sources of vitamin C

Answer: 242

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We get vitamin C from citrus fruits oranges lemons and grape unit leafy green vegetables beef liver etc

Question: 243

Why meat is not a good source of vitamin C?

Answer: 243

243-271

Minute quantitiesof vitamin c are present in muscles. Since meat,consists of muscles so it is not a good source of vitamin c

Question: 244

Define Alimentary Canal

Answer: 244

244-271

The digestive system of human consists of a long tube that extends from mouth to anus This tube is called alimentary canal or gut

Question: 245

What is gastric juice Name the Enzyme present in Gastric juice

Answer: 245

245-271

Gastric glands of stomach secrete gastric juice The enzyme pepsinogen is present in it

Question: 246

Describe two functions of oral cavity

Answer: 246

246-271

Food selection is one function of oral cavity
The second function of oral cavity ois grinding of food by teeth
The third and fourth functions of oral cavity are lubrication and chemical digestion of food

Question: 247

What is meant by Malnutrition

Answer: 247

247-271

Problems related to nutrition are grouped as malnutrition It often refers to under nutrition resulting from inadequate consumption, poor absorption or excessive loss of nutrients Malnutrition also includes over nutrition resulting fro mover eating or excessive intake of specific nutrients

Question: 248

What is protein energy malnutrirition?

Answer: 248

248-271

protienenergy malnutrition mean inaduateavailability or absorption of enregyand proteins in the body, it is the leading cause of death in children in developing countries. It may lead to diseases Such as Kwashiorkes and marasom

Question: 249

What is Drought

Answer: 249

249-271

Drought: A drought is a period of time when there is not enough water to support agricultural and human needs

Drought is usually due to a long period of below-normal rainfall

Question: 250

What are major causes of ulcer in stomach

Answer: 250

250-271

Stomach ulcer is known as gastric ulcer the causes of ulcer include excess acid inflection long term use of anti-inflammatory medicines including aspirin smoking drinking coffee colas and eating spicy foods

Question: 251

What is the affect of HCL on Pepsin

Answer: 251

251-271

The functions of HCL and pepsin in digestion are given below

Question: 252

What are Vitamins?

Answer: 252

252-271

Vitamins are the chemical compoundsthat are required in low amounts but are essential for normal growth and metabolism.

Question: 253

Write down two functions of Oral Cavity

Answer: 253

253-271

Functions of oral cavity

Food secretion is first function of oral cavity
The second function of oral cavity is the grinding of food by teeth
The third and fourth function of oral cavity are lubrications and chemical digestion of food

Question: 254

Which disease are caused due to the deficiency of calcium in human beings

Answer: 254

254-271

Deficiency of calcium:

Spontaneous discharge of nerve impulses which may result in tetany
Bones become soft
Blood clots slowly
Wounds heal slowly

Question: 255

What is meant by Starvation

Answer: 255

255-271

Starvation means the severe deficiency of intake nutrients and energy It is the disastrous result of malnutrition prolonged Starvation in Human may damage organs permanently and ultimately death occurs

Question: 256

How ulcer is treated

Answer: 256

256-271

Ulcer is treated with medicines which neutralize the acidic affects of gastric juice spicy acidic foods and smoking should be avoided as preventive measures

Question: 257

What three part of large intestine?

Answer: 257

257-271

The large intestine consists of the cecum and colon and also rectum

Question: 258

Write names of two diseases of gut

Answer: 258

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Gut: The digestive system of human consists of a long tube that extends from mouth to anus This tube is called gut or alimentary canal

Question: 259

Which parts are there in human alimentary canal

Answer: 259

259-271

Human gut or alimentary canal is consist of following parts

Question: 260

What is meant by Sphincter

Answer: 260

260-271

Opening which are guarded by muscles called sphincters' There are two types

Cardin sphincter
Pyloric sphincter

Question: 261

Define vili

Answer: 261

261-271

There are circular folds in the inner wall of ileum These folds have numerous finger-like projections called villi singular Villi increase the surface area of the inner walls and it helps a lot in the absorption of digested food

Question: 262

Write the weight and size of liver in an adult human

Answer: 262

262-271

Liver

Liver is the largest gland of the human body
It is situated beneath the diaphragm on right side of abdomen
Lobes are its raised parts and its apparent color is dark Red

Question: 263

What is kwashiorkor

Answer: 263

263-271

Kwashiorkor is due to protein deficiency at the age of about 12 months when breast feeding is discontinued it can also develop at any time during a Childs growing years Children may grow to normal height but are abnormally thin

Question: 264

What do you know about liver

Answer: 264

264-271

Liver

Liver is the largest gland of the human body
It is situated beneath the diaphragm on right side of abdomen
Lobes are its raised parts and its apparent color is dark Red

Question: 265

What are major causes of Constipation

Answer: 265

265-271

Constipation is a condition where a person experiences hard faces that are difficult to eliminate absorption of water through colon insufficient intake of dietary fiber dehydration use of medicines e.g those containing iron calcium and aluminum and tumors in rectum or anus

Question: 266

What are lipids also describe types of fatty acids?

Answer: 266

266-271

The lipids present in food are composed of fatty acids bonded to glycerol the fatty acids oflipids may be saturatedor unsaturated

Question: 267

What is meant by WFP

Answer: 267

267-271

WFP stands for World Food Program It is the food aid branch of the United Nations It is the world largest agency providing food to more then 90 million people in 80 countries

Question: 268

Define fat soluble vitamins?

Answer: 268

268-271

Fat soluble vitamins are much less excreted from the board as compared to water soluble vitamin

Question: 269

How will you differentiate between bolus and chyme

Answer: 269

269-271

Bolus: Partially digested food rolled up by the tongue into small slippery spherical mass called bolus

Question: 270

Define chuning

Answer: 270

270-271

Food is further broken down in stomach through churning Stomach wall muscles contract and relax These muscular movements help in release of gastric juice and mixing of food Chumming also generates heat for melting lipids

Question: 271

Write two function of liver other than digestion of food

Answer: 271

271-271

It removes amino groups from amino acids i.e de-lamination

Destroys the old red blood cells

Biology Chapters

9th Class Chapter 8 Biology Short Questions

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