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Question: 1
Define Molecular biology.
Answer: 1
1-1097this branch , deals with the study of the molecules of like e.g. water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.
Question: 2
Define microbiology.
Answer: 2
2-1097The division of biology, which deals the study of microorganisms such as bacteria, is called microbiology.
Question: 3
Define biotechnology.
Answer: 3
3-1097It deals practical application of living organisms to make substances for the welfare of mankind.
Example: Insulin
Question: 4
What do you mean by horticulture and how is it related agriculture?
Answer: 4
4-1097Horticulture: It deals with the art of gardening. A horticulturist works for the betterment of existing varieties and for the production of new varieties of ornamental plants and fruit plants.
Question: 5
Differentiate between morphology and anatomy.
Answer: 5
5-1097Morphology:The branch of biology, which deals with the study of the structures and forms of living organisms is called morphology.
Example: Study of eye etc.
Question: 6
Define Science.
Answer: 6
6-1097Science is the study in which observations are made, experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principles of nature.
Question: 7
What are protists?
Answer: 7
7-1097The unicellular or simple multicellular organisms with distinct nuclei are called protest.
Examples: Euglena, Paramecium, Green algae etc.
Question: 8
Define Genetics.
Answer: 8
8-1097The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called genetics, Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other.
Example: Eye colour, height.
Question: 9
Define prokaryotes.
Answer: 9
9-1097The unicellular organism that do not have distinct nucleus are grouped as prokaryotes.
Example: Bacteria.
Question: 10
What are different groups of living organisms?
Answer: 10
10-1097Prokaryotes, Protist , Fungi, Plants, Animals
Question: 11
Define biology.
Answer: 11
11-1097biology is the scientific study of life. The word biology has been derived from two Greek words, "bios" meaning life and 'logos' meaning thought or reasoning.
Question: 12
Define embryology.
Answer: 12
12-1097It is teh study of teh development of an embryo to new individual.
Question: 13
Define biophysics.
Answer: 13
13-1097It deals with the study of the principles of physic,which are applicable to biological phenomena , for example there is a similarity between the working principles of lever in physics and limbs of animal in biology
Question: 14
Define immunology.
Answer: 14
14-1097The study of the immune system of animals which defends the body against invading microbes in called immunology.
Question: 15
Define taxonomy.
Answer: 15
15-1097The study of the naming and classification of organisms into groups and sub groups is called taxonomy.
Question: 16
Define paleontology
Answer: 16
16-1097The study of fossils is called paleontology.The remains of extinct organisms are called fossils .
Question: 17
Define Pharmacology.
Answer: 17
17-1097The branch of biology in which we study of drugs and their effects on system of human body is called pharmacology.
Question: 18
What are fossils?
Answer: 18
18-1097The remains of extinct organisms are called fossils.
Question: 19
Define Sociobiology.
Answer: 19
19-1097This branch deals with the study of social behavior of the animals that make societics
Question: 20
What is Medicine and Surgery?
Answer: 20
20-1097The profession of medicine deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human in surgery the body parts may be repaired replaced or removed.
Question: 21
What is parasite?
Answer: 21
21-1097The organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm them are called parasite.
Question: 22
Define parasitology?
Answer: 22
22-1097The branch of biology, which deals with the study of parasites is called parasitology.
Question: 23
Define environmental biology.
Answer: 23
23-1097The branch of biology, which deals with the study of the interactions between the organisms and their environment.
Question: 24
What is studied in profession of farming?
Answer: 24
24-1097It deals with the development and maintenance of different types of farm. For example in some farms.
Animals breeding technologics are used for the production of animals which are better protein and milk sources.
In poultry farms chicken and eggs are produced.
Question: 25
What are teh functions of orgenelles?
Answer: 25
25-1097Each type of organelle is specialized to perform as specific function.
Example: Mitochondria specialized for cellular respiration.
Ribosomes are specialized for protein synthesis.
Question: 26
Define Biomolecule.
Answer: 26
26-1097The stable particle which is made by atoms of bioelements i.e. carbon, nitrogen, sulphur etc through konic or covalent bonding is called biomolecules.
Types: Macromolecules ,Macromolecules
Question: 27
Define Forestry.
Answer: 27
27-1097It forestry, professional look after natural forests and advises to the government for planting and growing artificial forests.
Question: 28
Describe major contributions of Jabir Bin Hayan.
Answer: 28
28-1097Jabir Bin Hayyan introduced experimental investigation in chemistry and also wrote a number of books on plants and animals . HIs famous books are "Al-Nabatat" and "Al-Haywan.
Question: 29
Define organelle.
Answer: 29
29-1097Biomolecules assemble in a particular way and form organelles. These ae sub-cellular structure.
Example: Prokaryotic cell , Eukaryotes cell
Question: 30
Write down the contributions of Abdul Malik Asmai.
Answer: 30
30-1097Abdul Malik is considered the first Muslim scientist who studied animals in detail. His famous writing include Al-abil(Camel)", "Al-Khail (horse)", 'Al-Wahoosh (animal0" and " Kalq-al-ansan.
Question: 31
Define Molecule.
Answer: 31
31-1097atoms of different elements combine with each other through ionic or covalent bonding to make a stable particle, which is called molecule.
Question: 32
What are prokaryotes?
Answer: 32
32-1097The organisms whose cells do not have distinct nucleus, lack membrane bounded structure like mitochondria and have limited number and types of organelles are called prokaryotes. e.g. bacteria
Question: 33
What is meant by bio element?
Answer: 33
33-1097The elements, which take part in making body mass of living things are called bio elements these are 16
Question: 34
What are elements?
Answer: 34
34-1097Elements are pure substances, which are made up of same kind of atoms having same atomic numbers.
Question: 35
What are the contributions of Bu Ali Sina?
Answer: 35
35-1097He is honoured as the fonder of medicine and called as Avicenna in the west. He was a physician, philosopher, astronomer and poet. One of his books"Al-Qanun fial-Tib" is known as the cannon of medicine in West.
Question: 36
What are eukaryotes?
Answer: 36
36-1097The organisms whose cells do have distinct nucleus, membrane bounded structures and large number and types of organelles.
Example. animal cells.
Question: 37
Name three types of cellular organizations?
Answer: 37
37-1097These are . Unicellular organization, Colonial organization, Multicellular organization
Question: 38
Define population.
Answer: 38
38-1097A populationis defined as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place, in the same time.
Example: Human population in Pakistan in 2019 comprises of 173.5 million individuals.
Question: 39
Which membrane is present both in prokaryotes & eukaryotes.
Answer: 39
39-1097Cell membrane.
Question: 40
Difference between unicellular and multicellular.
Answer: 40
40-1097Unicellular:An organism which is made up of one cell is called unicellular organism.
Example: Paramecium, amoeba etc
Question: 41
Define community.
Answer: 41
41-1097A community is the assemblage of different populations,interacting with one another with in the same environment.
Example: A forest may be considered as a community. It includes different plants, micro-organismm,fungi and animal species.
Question: 42
Define tissue.
Answer: 42
42-1097We can define a tissue as a group of similar cells specialized for the performance of a common function.
Example ; Animal tissue and plant tissue.
Question: 43
Which organs make digestive system.
Answer: 43
43-1097Oral cavity,Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, small intestine, large intestine.
Question: 44
What is volvox?
Answer: 44
44-1097Volvox is a green algae found in water that shows colonial organization. Hundreds of Volvox cells make a colony.
Question: 45
Define organ system.
Answer: 45
45-1097Different organs performing related functions are organized together in the form of an organ system. In organ system each organ performs a specific function.
Question: 46
Define organ.
Answer: 46
46-1097In higher multicellular organisms, more than one types of tissues having related functions are organized together to make a unit, called organ.
Example: Stomach and liver etc.
Question: 47
Name major types of animal tissues.
Answer: 47
47-1097There are four major types of animals tissues.
Epithelial tissues, Connective tissues, Nervous tissue, Muscular tissue
Question: 48
Name any four unicellular organisms.
Answer: 48
48-1097Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, Virus
Question: 49
Which organs make digestive system?
Answer: 49
49-1097Oral cavity, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine
Question: 50
Scientific name of frog.
Answer: 50
50-1097Frog live in the both water and terriestial medium. IT Belong TO Class Amphibian,its scientific name is Rana tigrina.
Question: 51
Write two advantages of Brassica plant/Mustard plant.
Answer: 51
51-1097Advantages of Brassica plant is.
the plant body of Brassica is used as vegetable.
Its seeds are used for extracting oil
Question: 52
What do you meant by transpiration Explain it .
Answer: 52
52-1097Transpiration is the loss of water from plant surface through evaporation . This loss may occur through stomatal in leaves through the cuticle present on leaf epidermis and through special opening called lenticels present in the stem of some plant . Most of transpiration occurs through stomata and is called stomatal transpiration
Question: 53
Write names of three main divisions of biology.
Answer: 53
53-1097The name of three divisions of biology.
Zoology, Botany, Microbiology.
Question: 54
What is the function of reproductive part of plant?
Answer: 54
54-1097Flowers take part in sexual reproduction and produce fruits and seeds.
Question: 55
Define species.
Answer: 55
55-1097A species is defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
Question: 56
Define pulmonary and systematic circulation ?
Answer: 56
56-1097Pulmonary circulation : The pathways on which deoxygenated blood is carried from the heart to the lungs and in return oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to heart is called pulmonary circulation
Question: 57
What are lenticles?
Answer: 57
57-1097In woody stems and mature roots. the gaseous exchange. So, there are certain p lenticles allow air to pass through it.
Question: 58
Name major types of animal tissue.
Answer: 58
58-1097Epithelial tissues ,Connective tissues, Nervous tissue, Muscular tissue
Question: 59
Who many types of bronchitis?
Answer: 59
59-1097It usually lasts about two weaks. It has no permanent damage.
Question: 60
What is habitat and how it is different from community?
Answer: 60
60-1097Habitat: It means the area of the environment in which organism lives.
Community: In community different populations interacting with each other, one another live with the same environment, but in habitat we talk about an organism's living area.
Question: 61
What is glottis?
Answer: 61
61-1097Glottis is a narrow opening at the floe larynx through glottis.
Question: 62
Name some plant tissue.
Answer: 62
62-1097Epidermal tissue, Ground tissues
Question: 63
Define pressure and flow mechanism
Answer: 63
63-1097In pressure-flow mechanism , food is moved from sources to sinks . At source (sugars) is moved by active transport into the sieve tubes of phloem . Due to the presence of sugar in sieve tubes , their solute concentration increases and water enters them from xylem (via osmosis) . This results in higher pressure of water in these tubes , which drives solution of food towards sink. At the sink end , food is unloaded by active transport . Water also exists from the seive tube . The exit of water decreases pressure in seive tubes , which causes a mass flow from the higher pressure at the source to the now lowered pressure at the sink
Question: 64
Define botany.
Answer: 64
64-1097This division of biology deals with the study of plants.
Example: The study of Rose, mustard plant. etc
Question: 65
Define Zoology:
Answer: 65
65-1097This division of biology deals with the study of animals.
example: The study of frog, human etc.
Question: 66
What are bad effect of smoking?
Answer: 66
66-1097Ans: (i) Smoking causes cancer in kidney oral Cavity, larynx, breast, bladder
(ii) Smoking effect air passage way.
(iii) Smoking effect circulatory system.
(iv) Smoking cause arteriosclerosis (Increase production of blood platelets) and narrowing the arteries.
Question: 67
What is the biosphere level?
Answer: 67
67-1097The part of the Earth inhabited by organisms'communities is known as biosphere. It constitutes all ecosystems (areas where living organisms interact with the nonliving components of the environment) and is also called the zone of life on Earth.
Question: 68
Different between bronchi and bronchioles
Answer: 68
68-1097Trachea divided into two branches which are called bronchi. Each bronchus further divided into very fine tubes called bronchioles.
Question: 69
What is epiglottis?
Answer: 69
69-1097Ans: The glottis is guarded by a flap of tissues and it also prevents food to enter into larynx
Question: 70
What is pneumonia?
Answer: 70
70-1097It is an infection of lungs. If it affects both Iungs is called double pneumonia
Question: 71
Define breathing?
Answer: 71
71-1097The physical movement movement associated with gaseous exchange
Question: 72
Define cellular respiration?
Answer: 72
72-1097The process in which the C-H bond of food is broken down into CO2 and H2O by using oxygen by oxidation reduction reaction is called cellular respiration.
Question: 73
What are alveoli?
Answer: 73
73-1097These are cluster of pouches which form the respiratory surface in human body. Each alveolus is 3 sac like structure lined by a single layer of epithelial cells. It is bounded by a net-work of capillaries.
Question: 74
What is diaphragm?
Answer: 74
74-1097It is a thick muscular, dome shaped structure present below the lungs. It helps in breathing.
Question: 75
What is chronic bronchitis?
Answer: 75
75-1097It usually last a about three months to two years and it is develop by bronchi
Question: 76
Why do organisms need energy?
Answer: 76
76-1097The organisms need energy in the form of ATP for their activities and processes.
Question: 77
What is larynx?
Answer: 77
77-1097The upper most part of the trachea is fibrous bands called vocal cord. When air also called voice box.
Question: 78
What is the rate of breathing during exercise?
Answer: 78
78-109730-40 times minute.
Question: 79
Define gaseous exchange?
Answer: 79
79-1097The process of taking oxygen in and giving out CO2 is called gaseous exchange. It is of 2 types.
(i) Breathing
(ii) Cellular respiration
Question: 80
What is the treatment of Bronchitis?
Answer: 80
80-1097Antibiotics are used to treat the patient.
Question: 81
What is difference between breathing and respiration?
Answer: 81
81-1097Respiration and breathing are not the some process. Respiration is a mechanical and biochemical process while breathing is just a mechanical process.
Question: 82
What is the significance of C-Shaped cartilaginous rings of trachea?
Answer: 82
82-1097These prevent the trachea from collapsing
Question: 83
What are two phases of breathing?
Answer: 83
83-1097(i) Inspiration
(ii) Expiation
Question: 84
What are causes of pneumonia?
Answer: 84
84-1097Pneumonia is mostly caused by a bacterium streptococcus. It is also caused by virus or by fungal infection.
Question: 85
What structures are responsible for woody stems and mature roots?
Answer: 85
85-1097Lenticels
Question: 86
Name parts of air passageways
Answer: 86
86-1097Nose→Phyrnx→Larynx→Trachea→Bronchi→Bronchioles→
alveolar→ducts→alveoli
Question: 87
What are pleural membranes and pleural fluid?
Answer: 87
87-1097Each lung is covered by outer and inner pleural membranes. Between these two membranes there is a pleural fluid which provides lubrication for expansion and contraction of lungs.
Question: 88
What structure are responsible for gaseous exchange in leaves and young stems?
Answer: 88
88-1097Stomata and Lenticels.
Question: 89
Where is located the respiratory centre?
Answer: 89
89-1097It is located in the brain. It is sensitive to the concentration of CO2
Question: 90
What are symptoms of pneumonia?
Answer: 90
90-1097Cold that is followed by a high fever, shivering, cough with sputum production, Shortness of breath, skin purplish due to the poor oxygenation.
Question: 91
What is lung cancer?
Answer: 91
91-1097It is disease of uncontrolled cell divisions in tissue of lungs.
Question: 92
What are the causes of cancer?
Answer: 92
92-1097(i) Smoking
(ii) Ionizing radiation
(iii) Viral infection
Question: 93
What are the % ages of inspired air and expired air?
Answer: 93
93-109721 % 02 in inspired air 16 % 02 in expired air
Question: 94
What are symptoms of bronchitis?
Answer: 94
94-1097Cough, Mild wheezing, Chills, Shortness of breath.
Question: 95
Differential between inspiration and expiration
Answer: 95
95-1097Intake of air from atmosphere into lungs is called inspiration and in expiration expelled out.
Question: 96
What are causes of bronchitis?
Answer: 96
96-1097It is caused by viruses, bacteria or exposure to chemical irritants
Question: 97
What is bronchitis?
Answer: 97
97-1097It is the inflammation of the bronchi & bronchioles. It result in more secretions of mucous int, these tubes. It leads to swelling of tubes.
Question: 98
What is the major cause of emphysema?
Answer: 98
98-1097Smoking.
Question: 99
Differentiate between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Answer: 99
99-1097Diffusion :It is the movement of molecules from a an area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration i.e Alon concentration gradient
Question: 100
What is emphysema?
Answer: 100
100-1097It is respiratory disorder in which break down of alveolar wall occur. It result in larger sac but with has surface area for gaseous exchange.
Question: 101
Name some respiratory disorders.
Answer: 101
101-1097Bronchitis, Emphyseinar,Phneumonia, Asthma, Lung cancer etc.
Question: 102
What is asthma?
Answer: 102
102-1097It is chronic inflammation of bronchi which results in swelling and narrowing of air passageways.
Question: 103
What are bronchiodilators?
Answer: 103
103-1097These are chemicals which dilate the bronchioles. These are given to asthma patients in the form of inhalers.
Question: 104
What is W.H.O ?
Answer: 104
104-1097W.H.O means World Health Organization
Question: 105
What is treatment of pneumonia?
Answer: 105
105-1097(i) Vaccines prevent pneumonia.
(ii) Antibiotics are used.
Question: 106
What are the symptoms of emphysema?
Answer: 106
106-1097Shortness of breath, Fatigue, weight loss
Question: 107
What is rate of breathing at rest?
Answer: 107
107-109716-20 times minute.
Question: 108
What is treatment of Asthma?
Answer: 108
108-1097(i) Bronchiodilators(ii) Antibiotics
Question: 109
What are characteristics of cell wall?
Answer: 109
109-1097(i) Cell wall is non-living structure.
(ii) It is strong component.
iii) located outside plasma membrane.
(iv) - provides shape, strength, support and protection to cell.
Question: 110
What are symptoms of Asthma?
Answer: 110
110-1097Shortness of breath, Wheezing. Chronic cough. Tightness of chest.
Question: 111
What are the functions of leucoplasts and chromoplasts?
Answer: 111
111-1097Leucoplasts :
(i) They contain pigments associated with bright colors and are present in the cells of flow petals and fruits.
(ii) Their function is to give colors to these parts and thus help in pollination and dispersal fruit.
Chromoplasts: Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in eukaryotes. They contain chlorophyll (the gre, pigment necessary for photosynthesis) and associated pigments. These pigments are present the thylakoids of grana.
Question: 112
What are causes of lung cancer?
Answer: 112
112-1097(i) Carcinogens present in tobacco smoke
(ii) Ionizing radiations (iii)Viral infection
Question: 113
What are allergens ?
Answer: 113
113-1097Allergens are the chemical or substances that can irritate the respiratory that are called as allergens . For example pollens ,fragrant particles ,dust particles etc
Question: 114
What are causes of asthma?
Answer: 114
114-1097(i) Allergens.
(ii) Irritants
Question: 115
State cell theory?
Answer: 115
115-1097Cell theory in its modern form , includes the following principles
1: All organisms are composed of one or more cells
Question: 116
Does smoking effect only lungs ?
Answer: 116
116-1097No, smoking may also effect other organs of body e.g kidneys, oral cavity , larynx , breast , bladder , pancreas etc
Question: 117
What is the treatment of lungs cancer ?
Answer: 117
117-10971: Chemotherapy 2: Radiotherapy
Question: 118
Define Magnification and Resolving power?
Answer: 118
118-1097Magnification: It is increase in apparent size of an object.
Question: 119
How many carcinogens are found in cigarette smoke?
Answer: 119
119-1097Over 50
Question: 120
What is passive smoking?What is its effect?
Answer: 120
120-1097Inhalation of smoke from another's smoking, is known as passive smoking. It may cause lung cancer.
Question: 121
What is chemical composition of cell membrane?
Answer: 121
121-1097Chemically, cell membrane is normally composed of proteins and lipids with small quantities of carbohydrates.
Question: 122
What is metabolic wastes
Answer: 122
122-1097The waste produced during the metabolism of body . That may harm the body is called metabolic waste
Question: 123
Differentiate eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?
Answer: 123
123-1097Eukaryoticcell:
1: The organisms having eukaryotic cell is called as eukaryotes
2: Eukaryotic cells have prominent nucleus
Question: 124
Does smoking increases chances of tuberculosis and pneumonia ?
Answer: 124
124-1097Yes , smoking increases chances of tuberculosis 2-4 times and pneumonia by 4 times
Question: 125
What is the effect of smoking on teeth ?
Answer: 125
125-1097Smoking causes weakening and staining of teeth . The loss of teeth is 2-3 times higher in smokes than in non-smokes
Question: 126
What was contribution of Lamark in cell theory ?
Answer: 126
126-1097In 1809 , De Lamark proposed that nobody can have life if its parts are not cellular tissues or are not formed by cellular tissues
Question: 127
What is the effect of monoxide present in tobacco smoke ?
Answer: 127
127-1097Co in tobacco smoke decrease the O2carrying capacity of heamoglobin
Question: 128
What is chemical composition of cell wall?
Answer: 128
128-1097Outer layer of cell wall is called primary wall consists of cellulose . Inner layer of wall consists of lignin and called is secondary cell wall
Question: 129
How many different chemicals are found in cigarette smoke?
Answer: 129
129-1097Over 4000
Question: 130
Explain working of Na+ .K+ pump.
Answer: 130
130-1097In nerve cell membrane , Na+ is maintained at lower concentration inside the cell . So it is actively moved out by using ATP . While K+ are moved inside . So it is an example of active transport
Question: 131
What is the treatment of emphysema?
Answer: 131
131-1097Drug therapy , Antibiotics
Question: 132
Define Homeostasis ?
Answer: 132
132-1097Homeostasis may be defined as the maintenance of internal conditions of body at equilibrium despite changes in the external environment
Question: 133
What is composition of cytoplasm ?
Answer: 133
133-1097It is a semi viscous and semi transparent substance containing organic molecules (Note. Carbohydrates. lipids) & inorganic salts completely or partially dissolved in it. Its funetio:1/4), act as sue for various reactions.
Question: 134
What are functions of centriole?
Answer: 134
134-1097They help in formation of spindle fibers during cell division.
(ii) They also form cilia (in paramecium). and flagella.
Question: 135
What is halophytes ?
Answer: 135
135-1097Halophytes are the plants which live in sea water and are adapted to salty environment
Question: 136
What is light microscope?
Answer: 136
136-1097The microscope which uses visible light through specimen to produce image
Question: 137
What are excretory products of plants ?
Answer: 137
137-1097The excretory products of plants include extra carbon dioxide , oxygen , water resins , gums mucilages , latx etc
Question: 138
Explain fluid mosaic model ?
Answer: 138
138-1097The fluid mosaic model explain the internal structure of cell membrane according to it cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer in which protein molecules are embedded . The lipid bilayer gives elasticity and fluidity to the cell membrane . Small amount of carbohydrates is also present which combines with protein to form Glycoprotein or with lipid to form Glycolipid . In some eukaryotes small amount of cholesterol is also present in lipid bilayer
Question: 139
Explain function of lysosome.
Answer: 139
139-1097A lysosome fuse with vacuole that contain targeted materials and its enzymes break down the material.
Question: 140
Define thermoregulation
Answer: 140
140-1097It is the maintenance of internal body temperature
Question: 141
Define transpiration .
Answer: 141
141-1097The loss of water in the form of vapours from the plant surface is called transpiration . It occurs through leaves
Question: 142
What is the importance of diffusion ?
Answer: 142
142-1097It is one principle method of movement of molecules across cell membrane
1: CO2 and O2 molecule can cross cell membrane by diffusion
2: Gas exchange in gills and lungs operate by this process
Question: 143
Write the parts of urinary system ?
Answer: 143
143-10971: A pair of kidneys
2: A pair of ureters
3: A urinary bladder
4: A urethra
Question: 144
Where does cytoplasm lies ? Which organic molecules are in it ?
Answer: 144
144-1097Cytoplasm is present between plasma membrane and nuclear membrane or envelope . It contains organic molecules like proteins , carbohydrates and lipids
Question: 145
Is hydrogen is the excretory product of plants?
Answer: 145
145-1097No , hydrogen is not a excretory product of plant
Question: 146
Differentiate between primary growth and secondary growth .
Answer: 146
146-1097Primary growth :
1: The total increase in length of plant is called primary growth
2: It is occurred by Apical meristems
Question: 147
What are xerophytes and how they reduce water loss ?
Answer: 147
147-1097Xerophytes are the plants which live in dry environment . They have thick , waxy cuticle over their epidermis and less number of stomata to reduce water loss from internal tissues
Question: 148
What are preventive measures of lung cancer?
Answer: 148
148-10971: Elimination of tobacco smoking
2: Cessation of smoking
Question: 149
Give mechanism of endocytosis .
Answer: 149
149-1097It is movement of bulky material inside the cell
1: A portion of cell membrane invaginates
2: The material from outside is taken inside the invagination
3: The open ends of invagination seal forms small vesicle
Question: 150
Define osmoregulation ?
Answer: 150
150-1097It is the maintenance of the amounts of water and salts in body fluids . It is done by kidneys and skin
Question: 151
What is guttation ?
Answer: 151
151-1097The removal of water in the form of drops through special pores present at leaf tips or edges called guttation
Question: 152
Why endoplasmic reticulum is called rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum ? Or how RER is differ from SER ?
Answer: 152
152-1097RER: Because of its rough appearance due to numerous ribosome that are attached to it ( Endoplasmic reticulum )
SER : Because of its smooth appearance due to absence of ribosome in ER
Question: 153
What type of reaction takes place at anode in electrolytic cell?
Answer: 153
153-1097Oxidation reaction takes place at anode .Anode is a positive charge electrode the atom on this electrode release electron as
2Cl- (l)➜ Cl2(g) + 2e-
Question: 154
Write down the function of xylem and phloem tissues .
Answer: 154
154-1097Xylem tissues : Xylem tissues are responsible for the conduction of water from roots to the aerial parts of a plant . It also consists of secondary cell wall which is hard due to the presence of lignin so it is also function to support the plant body
Question: 155
Define osmosis ?
Answer: 155
155-1097It is the movement of water from hypotonic solution to hypertonic solution through semi permeable membrane . Osmosis is the process which helps in opening and closing of stomata
Question: 156
What is difference between meristematic and permanent tissues ?
Answer: 156
156-10971: Meristematic tissues have cells which have ability to divide
2: It is of two types
. Apical meristems
. Lateral meristems
3: They help in growth
Question: 157
What are the homeostatic organs in man ?
Answer: 157
157-1097Main homeostatic organs in man are :
1: Lungs
2: Skin
3: Kidneys
Question: 158
What are deficiency symptoms of vitamin A,C,D ?
Answer: 158
158-1097Vitamin 'A' : It's deficiency cause poor growth , night blindness and dry skin
Question: 159
What are plastids ? Name their kind .
Answer: 159
159-1097Plastids are also membrane bounded organelle present in plants and photosynthesis protists
Question: 160
What is the shape of cathode in Nelson's cell?Why is it perforated?
Answer: 160
160-1097Ans: In Nelson's cell cathode is perforated U-Shaped. It is made perforated so that the solution of sodium hydroxide is formed in it can slowly percolate into a catch basin.
Question: 161
What is function of cytoplasm ?
Answer: 161
161-1097Function :
1: It provides space for the proper functioning of organelles
2: It acts as size for various biochemical reactions such as glycolysis which occurs in cytoplasm
Question: 162
Give function of urinary bladder .
Answer: 162
162-1097It temporarily stores urine until it is released from body
Question: 163
How goosebumps formed ?
Answer: 163
163-1097Goosebumps are formed by the contraction of small muscles attached at the base of hairs . It helps in thermoregulation by trapping air between hairs
Question: 164
What is cell?
Answer: 164
164-1097The cell is the basic structural functional and biological unit of all known living organism.A cell is the smallest unit of life.
Question: 165
What size weight of kidney ?
Answer: 165
165-1097Length : 10cm
Width : 5cm
Thickness : 4cm
Weight : 120 g
Question: 166
Differentiate between skeletal muscles and smooth muscles .
Answer: 166
166-1097Skeletal muscles : These are striated muscles attached to the bones and contain many nuclei . They are responsible for the movement . They are voluntary means their movement is under our will
Question: 167
How much water is present in human body?
Answer: 167
167-1097Approximately 60% of the adult human body is composed of water.
Question: 168
What is Hilus ?
Answer: 168
168-1097It is a depression near centre of the concave area of kidney through which ureter leaves kidney and other structures enter or leave kidney
Question: 169
What is the colour and shape of kidneys ?
Answer: 169
169-1097Colour : Dark-red
Shape : Bean - shape
Question: 170
Differentiate between Endocytosis and Exocytosis .
Answer: 170
170-1097Endocytosis: It is the process of cellular ingestion of bulky materials by the in folding of the cell membrane
This process lost the part of cell membrane
There are two types of endocytosis
1: phagocytosis 2: pinocytosis
Question: 171
Write function of ureter .
Answer: 171
171-1097Ureter in the tube which carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
Question: 172
How can balance diet be related to age?
Answer: 172
172-1097During growth period of the body there is higher metabolic rates in body cells and so the body needs a balanced diet that contains more energy. Adults need less proteins per kg body weight but growing boy or girl needs more protein/kg body weight- similarly children need more calcium and iron for their growing bones and red blood cells respectively.
Question: 173
Differentiate between diffusion and filtration .
Answer: 173
173-1097Diffusion :
1: The movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration across membrane is called diffusion
2: Gas exchange in gills and lungs operates by diffusion
Question: 174
Define Macro molecules?
Answer: 174
174-1097Micromolecules are with low molecular weight e.g glucose water etc and macro moleculers with high molecular weight e.g strafe pratcins lipids etc.
Question: 175
What is location of kidney?
Answer: 175
175-1097They are located against the back wall of abdominal cavity just below diaphragm , one on either side of vertebral column
Question: 176
What do you mean by sub cellular or a cellular particles?
Answer: 176
176-1097According to first principle of cell theory all organisms are composed of one or more cells , Discovery of virus , prions ,and viroids claim that they are not composed of cells rather they are sub-cellular which do not run any metabolism . They show some characteristics of living organisms i-e they can increase in number and can transmit their characters to next generation . A cellular particles are not classified in any of the five kingdoms of organisms
Question: 177
Why the positively charged electrode is called anode in electrolytic cell ?
Answer: 177
177-1097Positively charged electrode is called anode because it connected to the (+) terminal of the battery and all electrons move towards it as
2Cl-➜Cl(g) + 2e-
Question: 178
Define osmosis
Answer: 178
178-1097It is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from solution of lesser solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration filtrations
Question: 179
What type of reaction takes place in electrolytic cell?
Answer: 179
179-1097In electrolytic cell non-spontaneous reaction takes place
Question: 180
What is plasmolysis ?
Answer: 180
180-1097In a hypertonic environment of plant cell loses water and cytoplasm shrinks . The shrinking of cytoplasm is called plasmolysis
Question: 181
What are common forms of malnutrition?
Answer: 181
181-1097Common forms of malnutrition include
1: CO Protein energy malnutrition include (PEM)
2: Mineral energy malnutrition
3: Over in takes of nutrients (0LN).
Question: 182
What are plasmodesmata ? Where are these found in cell?
Answer: 182
182-1097There are pores in the cell walls of adjacent cells , through which their cytoplasm is connected . These pores are called plasmodesmata
Question: 183
What is renal cortex ?
Answer: 183
183-1097Renal cortex is the outer part of kidney and has reddish colour
Question: 184
Define turgor pressure and turgor .
Answer: 184
184-1097In hypothesis solution the outward pressure on cell wall exerted by internal water is known as turgor pressure and the phenomenon is turgor
Question: 185
Which force drives the non-spontaneous reaction to take place?
Answer: 185
185-1097Non-spontaneous reactions are those which take place in the presence of an external agent. Those external agents arc electrons that cause electricity. So electric energy helps the non-spontaneous reaction to proceed
Question: 186
How does vitamin 'A' help in vision ?
Answer: 186
186-1097Vitamin 'A' combines with a protein called opsin to form rhodospin in the rod cells of the retina of eye . When vitamin A is adequate , the lack of rhdospin makes it difficult to see in dim light .
Question: 187
Define ribosome , write their function and structure .
Answer: 187
187-1097These are tiny granular structures that are either floating freely in cytoplasm or are bound to endoplasmic reticulum . These are the sites for protein synthesis . These are made of almost equal amount of proteins and ribosomal RNA
Question: 188
What are the functions of vitamin 'A' 'C' and 'D' ?
Answer: 188
188-1097Vitamin 'A': It causes cell differentiation helps in growth , immunity , and helps in vision in dim light
Question: 189
Do non-electrolytes do not form ions in solution ?
Answer: 189
189-1097No non-electrolytes do not form ions in solution
Question: 190
What is excretion ?
Answer: 190
190-1097It is the elimination of metabolic wastes especially nitrogenous wastes (e.g urea ) from the body . It is done by urinary system
Question: 191
Write the function of kidney ?
Answer: 191
191-1097Function of kidney :
1: It filters water, salts ,urea , uric acid etc from the blood and from urine
2: It maintains salts and water balance in body fluids
Question: 192
What is the name of by-product produced in Downs's cell?
Answer: 192
192-1097The name of the by-product produced in Down Cell is Chlorine gas (Cl2).
Question: 193
Difference between Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
Answer: 193
193-1097Glomerulus : Glomerulus is a network of capillaries present inside the Bowman's capsule
Question: 194
What is difference between strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte ?
Answer: 194
194-1097Strong electrolyte:The electrolytes which ionize almost completely in Their aqueous solutions and produce more ions, are called strong electrolytes.
Question: 195
What do you mean by colony?Give Example.
Answer: 195
195-1097Prdueing organisms which are genetically identical to one another.
Question: 196
What is meant by passive diffusion ?
Answer: 196
196-1097This type of diffusion in which molecules differ from membrane slowly without the expenditure of energy called passive diffusion
Question: 197
Why are strong electrolyte termed as good conductor ?
Answer: 197
197-1097Electrolytes are good conductor because it completely ionized into its ions and it readily produced more ions as
NaOH (s)➜Na+(aq) +OH- (aq)
Question: 198
From which food do we et vitamin 'C' ?
Answer: 198
198-1097We get vitamin 'C' from citrus fruit , leafy green vegetables beef and liver .
Question: 199
What is biophysics?
Answer: 199
199-1097The interdisciplinar science that deals with the study of the principles of physics which are applicable to biological phenomena.
Question: 200
How can balanced diet be related to gender?
Answer: 200
200-1097Gender has an impact on the requirements of a balanced diet. Women have comparatively less metabolic rate than the men of same age and weight. So men need a balanced diet that pros ides comparatively more energy than the women require.
Question: 201
Define organelle and cell level.
Answer: 201
201-1097Microscopic structure which does a particular job in a cell,
Cell level:Cell are formed each type of organelle is specialized to perform a specific function.
Cell level:Cell are formed each type of organelle is specialized to perform a specific function.
Question: 202
Differentiate between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins .
Answer: 202
202-1097Fat soluble vitamins :
1: Cooking or heating destroy them less readily
2: These are much less excreted from the body , so their deficiency in body is less common
Question: 203
Define biogeography.
Answer: 203
203-1097The study of the occurano and distribution of species in different geographical rigons of the world.
Question: 204
What is microscopy ? And who discovered the first microscope ?
Answer: 204
204-1097The use of microscope is known as microscopy . The first compound microscope was developed by Zacharias Janssen , in Holland in 1595 . It was simply a tube with lenses at each end and its magnification ranged from 3X to 9X
Question: 205
Which ions are discharged at Cathode in Nelson's cell and what is produced at Cathode?
Answer: 205
205-1097H+ ions are discharged at cathode in Nelson's cell and hydrogen gas produced, at cathode
2H+ + 2e-➜ H2
Question: 206
Which regards are used to test proteins , lipids m glucose , and starch
Answer: 206
206-1097Macromolecules : Proteins , lipids , glucose (reducing sugar ),starch
Question: 207
Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis .
Answer: 207
207-1097Diffusion : It is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration e.g along concentration gradient
Question: 208
How stones are formed in kidney?
Answer: 208
208-1097When urine becomes concentrated, crystals of calcium oxalate, calcium and ammonium phosphate, uric acid etc. are formed in it. Such large crystals cannot pass in urine and form hard deposits called kidney stones.
Question: 209
What will happen if an animal is placed hypertonic cell?
Answer: 209
209-1097When cell is placed in hypertonic environment , the water from cell moves out due to osmosis and cell shrinks in size
Question: 210
From which food do we get vitamin 'D'?
Answer: 210
210-1097We get vitamin D from fish liver oil ,milk , ghee and butter . It is also synthesized by skin . When ultraviolet (UV) radiations from sun are used to convert a compound into vitamin D
Question: 211
Define Orgam?Give Example.
Answer: 211
211-1097Group of tissues doing a particular job e.g.The heart
Question: 212
What is renal medulla ?
Answer: 212
212-1097Renal medulla is the inner part of kidney part of kidney and is pale red in colour
Question: 213
From which foods do we get vitamin 'A'?
Answer: 213
213-1097We get vitamin 'A' from leafy vegetables (spinach , carrots) yellow/ orange fruits ,liver, eggs, milk , butter
Question: 214
What is the balanced diet?
Answer: 214
214-1097A balanced diet may be defined as the food, which contains all the essential nutrients in correct proportions for the normal growth and development of the body
Question: 215
What do you mean by environmental biology?
Answer: 215
215-1097It deals with the study of the interactions between the organisms and their environment.
Question: 216
How are fibres important for humans?
Answer: 216
216-1097(i) Fibres prevents and relieves constipation by stimulating the contraction of intestinal muscles.
(ii) Soluble fibres help in lowering blood cholesterol and sugar levels.
(iii) Insoluble fibres speeds up the movements of carcinogens from intestine.
Question: 217
What are the symptoms of kidney failure?
Answer: 217
217-1097Symptoms of kidney failure
(i) High level of urea
(ii) Vomiting
(iii) Nausea
(iv) Weight loss
(v) Frequent urination
(vi) Blood in urine
(vii) Swelling of legs, feet and face
(viii) Shortness of breath
Question: 218
Define Anotomy?
Answer: 218
218-1097The study of the structure of internal argon.
Question: 219
What is centromere ? The point at which two sister chromotids are attached is called
Answer: 219
219-1097The point at which two sister chromatids are attached is called centromere
Question: 220
Define Paleontology?
Answer: 220
220-1097It is the study of fossils which are the remain of extinct organisms.
Question: 221
What is the signification of water in humans?
Answer: 221
221-1097Water functions as the environment in which water-soluble foodstuff is absorbed in the intestines and waste product are eliminated in urine. Water maintains body temperature through evaporation. Nearly all life-sustaining chemical reactions requires an aqueous (watery) environment.
Question: 222
Why cell membrane is called semi permeable membrane ?
Answer: 222
222-1097Cell membrane functions as a semi-permeable barrier , allowing a very few molecules across it while fencing the majority of chemicals inside cell . In this way , cell membrane maintains the internal composition of cells
Question: 223
What are the harmful effects of dehydration?
Answer: 223
223-1097Severe dehydration may result in cardiovascular problems
Question: 224
What is meant by malnutrition?
Answer: 224
224-1097Problems related to nutrition are grouped as malnutrition. It most often refers to under nutrition resulting from inadequate consumption, poor absorption or excessive loss of nutrients. Malnutrition also includes over nutrition, resulting from over eating or excessive intake of specific nutrient.
Question: 225
Write the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: 225
225-1097It is involved in a lipid metabolism . It is involved in transport of materials from one part of cell to other
Question: 226
Which system of human is called urinary system ?
Answer: 226
226-1097The excretory system of human is the urinary system
Question: 227
In the electrolysis of water , towards which terminal H+ions move ?
Answer: 227
227-1097In the electrolysis of water (H2O )+or H+ions (hydronium) move towards the cathode
H+ + 1e- (H)
Question: 228
What is the role of fibres supplements in human body?
Answer: 228
228-1097Fibres supplements (such as ispaghol husk) when taken properly may help in constipation an in lowering cholesterol level.
Question: 229
Which health problems are caused by over intake of nutrients?
Answer: 229
229-1097Over intake of nutrients causes obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular problems, high does of vitamin A causes loss of appetite and liver problems, excess use of calcium result deposition of calcium in various tissues.
Question: 230
What is dietary fibres?
Answer: 230
230-1097Dietary fibres (also known as roughage) is the part of human food that is indigestible. It is found only in plant food and it moves undigested through, stomach and small intestine and into colon.
Question: 231
Write the function of guard cell?
Answer: 231
231-1097Stomata in leaf epidermis are surrounded by guard cells . During daytime guards cells are making glucose and so are hypertonic (have higher concentration of glucose ) than their nearby epidermis cells . Water enters them from other cells and they swell . In this form they assume a rigid bowed shape and a pore is created between them . At night when there is low solute concentration in guard cells , water leaves them and they become flaccid . In this form both guard cells rest against one another and the opening is closed
Question: 232
Define tissue?Give Example.
Answer: 232
232-1097In nul Group of cells of the same type doing a particular job the grandular tissues,muscular tissue nervous tissue etc.
Question: 233
What is S-phase ?
Answer: 233
233-1097In this phase , cell duplicates its chromosomes . As a result each chromosomes consists of two sister chromatids
Question: 234
What is pelvis ?
Answer: 234
234-1097A funnel shaped cavity in the kidney is called pelvis .
Question: 235
Define population?Give example.
Answer: 235
235-1097A population is defines as a group of organisms of the same species located at same place,in the same time.
Question: 236
What is parasitology?
Answer: 236
236-1097This branch deals with the study of parasites.Parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return,harm them.
Question: 237
What are prokaryotes and eukaryotes?Give example.
Answer: 237
237-1097The organisms in first group are made of cells of prokaryotes while other groups have eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have promin-ent nucleus while prokaryatic cell do not have prominent nucleus.
Question: 238
Name different phases of nutrition in helium
Answer: 238
238-1097The nutrition in humans comprises of following phases
1: Ingestion
2: Absorption
3: Digestion
4: Assimilation
5 Ingestion
6: Defecation
Question: 239
Differentiate between primary and secondary cell walls .
Answer: 239
239-1097Primary cell : The outer layer of plant cell wall is called primary cell wall and cellulose is major component it
Question: 240
What are the afferent and efferent arterioles ?
Answer: 240
240-1097Afferent arterioles from glomerulus's . Efferent arterioles from glomerulus
Question: 241
Why is meat not considered a good source of vitamin C
Answer: 241
241-1097Minute quantities of vitamin C are present in muscles . Since meat consists of muscles so it is not a good source of vitamin 'C'
Question: 242
What is morphology?
Answer: 242
242-1097This bramble dead with the study of from and structure of living organism.
Question: 243
Write down the names of two types of simple tissues .
Answer: 243
243-1097There are two types of simple tissues
1: Meristematic tissues 2: Permanent tissues
Question: 244
What are the components of coordinated action?
Answer: 244
244-10971: Stimulus
2:Receptor
3: Coordinator
4: Effector
5: Response
Question: 245
What is collecting duct?
Answer: 245
245-1097The distal convoluted tubules of many nephrons open in a single opening which collect the material, this opening is called collecting duct
Question: 246
Describe the structure and function of Golgi apparatus and lysosomes .
Answer: 246
246-1097Golgi apparatus: An Italian physician Camillo Golgi discovered a set of flattened sacs (cisternae) in cell . In this set , many cisternae are stacked over each other . The complete set of cisternae is called Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex
Question: 247
What is colonial organization?
Answer: 247
247-1097Producing organisms which are genetically dentical to one another.
Question: 248
What is pharynx?
Answer: 248
248-1097A part of alimentary canal through which food in the form of bolus goes and makes special adaptations to prevent the entry of bolus particles in trachea. No digestion takes place in pharynx.
Question: 249
What are the major causes of kidney stones?
Answer: 249
249-1097(i) Diet containing more greeny vegetables, salts etc.
(ii) Recurring urinary tract infections.
(iii) Less intake of water.
(iv) Alcohol consumption.
Question: 250
what is meant by supporting tissues in plants ?
Answer: 250
250-1097Supporting tissues provide strength and flexibility to the plant body
Question: 251
What is protein energy malnutrition?(PEM).
Answer: 251
251-1097Protein energy malnutrition means inadequate availablility or absorption of energy and protein in the body. It is the cause of death in children in developing countries.
Question: 252
What is community?Give example.
Answer: 252
252-1097A community is an assembled of different population interacting which one another with in the same environment communities are collection of organisms in which one population may increase and other may decrease.
Question: 253
Which diseases are caused by protein energy malnutrition?
Answer: 253
253-1097(i) Kwashiorkor: It is due to protein deficiency at the age of about 12 months. When breast-feeding is discontinued. Children may grow to normal height but are abnormally thin.
(ii) Marasmus: In it patients lose all their body fat and muscle strength and acquire a skeletal appearance. Children show poor growth. It develops between the ages of a 6 months and one year in children.
Question: 254
What are papillary ducts?
Answer: 254
254-1097Many collecting ducts join together to form several hundred papillary ducts
Question: 255
What is difference between interface and inter phase 2 ?
Answer: 255
255-1097inter phase : Inter phase has S phase to duplicate chromosomes
Question: 256
Are anodes of downs cell and Nelson cell made of same element?If yes, what is it name
Answer: 256
256-1097Yes anode of downs cell and Nelson cell made of same element. its name is -graphite
Question: 257
What is metaphase plate ?
Answer: 257
257-1097The chromosomes arrange in cell equator and form a plate called a metaphase plate .
Question: 258
Which diseases are caused by mineral deficiency?
Answer: 258
258-1097(i) Goiter
(ii) Anemia.
Question: 259
What are bio element?
Answer: 259
259-1097Element that make the body of living organisms.
Question: 260
. What are three main steps of urine formation?
Answer: 260
260-1097(i) Pressure filtration
(ii)Selective re-absorption
(iii)Tubuler Secretion
Question: 261
Differentiate between phagocytosis and pinocytosis
Answer: 261
261-1097Phagocytosis : The process by which a cell , such as a white blood cell , ingests microorganisms , other cells ,and foreign particles
Question: 262
What are effects of malnutrition?
Answer: 262
262-1097An extended period of malnutrition:
(i) Starvation
(ii) Heart diseases
(iii) Constipation
(iv) Obesity
Question: 263
two functions perform by cell membrane .
Answer: 263
263-1097Cell membrane functions as a semi-permeable barrier , allowing a very few molecules across it while fencing the majority of chemicals inside cell . In this way cell membrane maintains the internal composition of cells
Question: 264
What is the pH of blood?
Answer: 264
264-1097pH of blood is 7.35 to 7.45
Question: 265
What is goiter?
Answer: 265
265-1097Goiter is a condition caused by an insufficient amount of iodine in diet. Iodine is used by thyroid gland to produce hormones that control the body's normal functioning and growth. If sufficient iodine is not available in a person's diet, thyroid gland becomes enlarged and it results in swelling in neck. This condition is goiter.
Question: 266
What is response ?
Answer: 266
266-1097A response is the action performed by effectors in receiving the message from coordination e.g with drawl of hand from hot object
Question: 267
Which two components of food are not considered as nutrients ?
Answer: 267
267-1097Water and dietary fibres are not considered as nutrients , but they do play important role in life
Question: 268
What is kidney failure?
Answer: 268
268-1097It is partially or completely failure of kidney to function.
Question: 269
How can balanced diet be related to activity of human?
Answer: 269
269-1097Different people have different life styles and varied nature of work. A man with sedentary habits does not require as much energy as the man who is on his feet for most of the day.
Question: 270
A nerve cell after its formation remain in which phase of cell cycle ?
Answer: 270
270-1097In multicellular eukaryotes , cells enter G0 phase from G1 and stop dividing . Some cells remain in G0 for indefinite period e.g the nerve cell is enter in G0 phase of cell cycle
Question: 271
What is dialysis?What are its types?
Answer: 271
271-1097It is the cleaning of blood by artificial methods. (i) Peritoneal dialysis (ii) Haemodialysis
Question: 272
What is anemia?
Answer: 272
272-1097The term anemia literally means "a lack of blood". It is caused when the number of red blood cells is reduced than the normal. If body fails to receive sufficient amount of iron, adequate number of haemoglobin molecules are not formed. In this case, there is not enough functioning of red blood cells. The patient is weak and there is shortage of oxygen. supply to body's cells.
Question: 273
What is difference between Karyokinesis and cytokinesis
Answer: 273
273-1097Karyokinesis : The division of nucleus is called Karyokinesis. It is the phase of mitotic phase .
Question: 274
What are nodes of Ranvier?
Answer: 274
274-1097The areas of myelin on a axon, there are non-myelinated points, called the nodes of Ranvier.
Question: 275
What is interphase?
Answer: 275
275-1097The time when a cell's metabolic activity is very high is called interphase. It has 3 phase. (i) Gl phase (ii) G2 phase (iii) S-Phase
Question: 276
Define Genetics?
Answer: 276
276-1097The study of inheritance the terms-mission of characters from one generation to the other.
Question: 277
What is over intake of nutrients?
Answer: 277
277-1097Over intake of nutrients causes a number of health problems. For example high intake of carbohydrates and fats leads to obesity, diabetes, and cardio vascular problems. Similarly high doze of vitamin A causes loss of appetite and deposition of calcium in various tissues
Question: 278
What is Peritoneum?
Answer: 278
278-1097It is the membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity and contains blood vessels.
Question: 279
Define necrosis
Answer: 279
279-1097Necrosis is accompanied by release of special enzymes from lysosomes the lysosomes enzymes break cellular components and may also be released outside the cells . The cells dead by necrosis and can produce harmful chemicals that damage the other cells
Question: 280
What are the major causes of famine?
Answer: 280
280-1097Famine may be due to:
(i) Unequal distribution of food
(ii) Drought
(iii) Flooding
(iv) Increasing population
Question: 281
Differentiate between somatic cells and germ like cells .
Answer: 281
281-1097Somatic cells : Somatic cells are those which form the body of organism . Somata cells undergo mitosis
Question: 282
What is stimulus ? Give example
Answer: 282
282-1097Any change in external or internal environment which can provoke a response is called stimulus e.g heat ,cold , pressure , sound , waves etc
Question: 283
What products are formed after digestion?
Answer: 283
283-1097Proteins are digested into amino acids, carbohydrates into glucose, lipids into fatty acids and glycerol. .
Question: 284
Differentiate mitosis and meiosis .
Answer: 284
284-1097Mitosis:
1: It takes place in somatic cell
2: It results in two daughter cell
3: No crossing over takes place
4: No. of chromosomes remain same as in parent cell
Question: 285
What is a renal tube ? What are its parts ?
Answer: 285
285-1097It is the part of nephron which starts after Bowman's capsule
Its parts are:
a: Proximal convoluted tubule
b: Loop of henle
c: Distal convoluted tubule
Question: 286
What is coordination ?
Answer: 286
286-1097The tissues or organs in body of multicellular , organisms work together performing their task as the needs of the whole body . This is called coordination . It has two types
1: Chemical coordination
2: Nervous coordination
Question: 287
What happens in malnutrition?
Answer: 287
287-1097Problems related to nutrition are grouped as malnutrition. It most often refers to under nutrition resulting from inadequate consumption, poor absorption or excessive loss of nutrients. Malnutrition also includes over nutrition, resulting front over eating or excessive intake of specific nutrient.
Question: 288
What is difference between bengin and malignant tumor ?
Answer: 288
288-1097Bengin tumor :
1: The tumor which is localized is called bengin
2: The cells of cancer do not invade other tissues of body
Question: 289
Where are faeces stored?
Answer: 289
289-1097Faeces are temporarily stored in the rectum which opens out through anus-under normal condition, when rectum is filled up with faeces, it gives rise to a reflex and anus is opened for defectation.
Question: 290
What are pyramids ?
Answer: 290
290-1097Renal medulla consists of several cone shaped areas , which bare called pyramids
Question: 291
What is stomach?
Answer: 291
291-1097The stomach is a dilated part of the alimentary canal which is j-shaped and located in the left ofabdomen, just beneath diaphragm.
It has two main portions.
(i) The cardiac portion is immediately after oesophagus.
(ii) Pyloric portion is located beneath the cardiac portion.
Question: 292
What is the significance of coordination ?
Answer: 292
292-1097It enables the organisms to respond properly to stimuli . It helps to maintain internal condition which is done by endocrine system
Question: 293
What is difference between Zoology and Botary
Answer: 293
293-1097Zoology: The major division of biology which deals with the study of deals animals is called Zoology
Question: 294
Differentiate between bleds and apoptotic body .
Answer: 294
294-1097Bleds : In apoptosis , cell membrane makes buds which is filled with chromatin bodies them called bleds
Question: 295
Name three differenced parts of small intestine?
Answer: 295
295-1097i) First part is duodenum, which is 25cm long and here most of the digestive process occurs.
(ii) Second is jejunum, which is 2.4m long which is concerned with the rest of the digestion of the proteins, starch and lipids.
(iii) Last is ileum, which is 3.5m long it is concerned with the absorption of digested food.
Question: 296
What are the types of coordination organisms ?
Answer: 296
296-1097Nervous coordination such coordination which is done by nervous system. Chemical coordination such coordination which is done by endocrine system
Question: 297
What are coordination ?
Answer: 297
297-1097These are the organs that receive information from receptors and send messages to particular organs for proper action . Brain and spinal cord are coordinators in case of nervous coordination and endocrine , glands are coordinators in chemical coordination
Question: 298
What is human alimentary canal?
Answer: 298
298-1097The digestive system of human consists of a long tube that extends from mouth to anus. This tube is called alimentary canal and its main sections are oral cavity. pharynx, oesophagus, stomach small intestine and large intestine. In addition there are many associated gland i.e , salivary glands, liver, pancreas.
Question: 299
How the half-cells of a galvanic-cell are connected ? What is the function of salt-bridge ?
Answer: 299
299-1097The two half-cell of the galvanic cell are connected by salt bridge , salt bridge is used to maintain the flow of ionic current and the electric neutrality
Question: 300
What is the difference between cell membrane and plasma membrane ?
Answer: 300
300-1097Cell membrane : When we talk about all the membranes of a cell , we say them as cell membrane
Question: 301
What are the major components of nervous system ?
Answer: 301
301-10971: Central nervous system ( Brain and spinal cord )
2: Peripheral nervous system (nerves and ganglia )
Question: 302
What functions performed by oral cavity?Oral cavity is the space behind mouth and it performs following functions:
Answer: 302
302-1097(i) Selection of food
(ii) Grinding of food
(iii) Lubrication
(iv) Digestion
Question: 303
What is reverse osmosis ?
Answer: 303
303-1097In advanced water-treatment technologies , membrane -based filtration systems are used . In this process , semi-permeable membranes separate salts from water (reverse osmosis )
Question: 304
What is nephron ?
Answer: 304
304-1097Nephron is the structural and functional unit of kidney
Question: 305
What type of cell division occur during wounds healing?
Answer: 305
305-1097Mitosis occurs when our wounds are healed.
Question: 306
What are functions of saliva?
Answer: 306
306-1097Saliva performs following functions. -
(i) It adds water and mucous to lubricate the food.
(ii) It contains an enzyme amylase which helps in the semi-digestion of starch
Question: 307
What do you known about volvox?
Answer: 307
307-1097volvox is a green alga found in water that showes colonial organization hundreds of volvox cells make a colony.
Question: 308
Differentiate between diploid and haploid cells.
Answer: 308
308-1097Diploid
It means the cells in which chromosomes are in pairs
Example: in somatic cells.
Question: 309
Define saltatory impulse. What its importance?
Answer: 309
309-1097In myelinated neurons, impulse jumps over the areas without myelin going from node to node. Such impulse is called saltatory impulses. It increases the speed of nerve impulse.
Question: 310
What are causes of constipation?
Answer: 310
310-1097The main causes of constipation include excessive absorption of water through colon. insufficient intake of dietary fibre, dehydration, use of medicines (e.g. those containing iron. calcium and almunium)and tumours in rectum or anus
Question: 311
What is centrosomes ?
Answer: 311
311-1097In animal cell two centrioles are present to the exterior of nuclear envelope . Two centrioles are collectively called centrosomes . Their function is to help in the formation of spindle fibers during cell division
Question: 312
In the electrolysis of water , where is the oxygen produced ?
Answer: 312
312-1097In the electrolysis of water oxygen produced at anode as
4OH- (aq)➜ 2H2O(l) + O2(g)+4e-
Question: 313
If due to any reason, the direction of peristalsis reverses, what would be the result?
Answer: 313
313-1097Vomiting
Question: 314
What is the function of neuron ?
Answer: 314
314-1097Neuron conduct impulses from receptors to coordinators and from coordinators to-effectors
Question: 315
What are parasite?
Answer: 315
315-1097An organisms that live on or an another organisms and cause harm to it.
Question: 316
What is synapsis ?
Answer: 316
316-1097The homologous chromosomes line up with each other and form pairs by process called synapsis
Question: 317
Nucleus is visible in interphase while chromosomes are only visible in cell division stage . Why is that?
Answer: 317
317-1097Nuclear membrane breaks during cell division so there is no distinct nucleus . In interphase nuclear material is in the form of the chromatin which condenses during prophase to get the shape of chromosomes
Question: 318
In which part of the alimentary canal the maximum absorption of nutrients occurs?
Answer: 318
318-1097Small intestine
Question: 319
What is crossing over? Gove its one benefit .
Answer: 319
319-1097Crossing over : The non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange their segments and the phenomenon is known as crossing -over
Question: 320
Name the methods for the treatment of kidney failure?
Answer: 320
320-1097(i) Dialysis (a) Peritoneal dialysis (b) Haemodialysis
(ii) Kidney transplant
Question: 321
What is lacteal?
Answer: 321
321-1097Large vessel of lymphatic system is called lacteal.
Question: 322
What are the parts of neurons ?
Answer: 322
322-1097Neurons consists of two parts cell body and fibers . Cell body consists of nucleus and cytoplasm . Fibers are of two types , dendrites and axons
Question: 323
Where does the sodium metal is collected in Down's cell ?
Answer: 323
323-1097Na+ are reduced at cathode and molten Na metal floats on the denser molten salts mixture from where it is collected in aside tube
2Na+ (l) + 2e-➜2Na (l)
Question: 324
What is meant by churning?
Answer: 324
324-1097The process, in which the walls of the stomach contract and relax and mix food and gastric juice. is called churning. During this process heat is produced which help to melt the lipids of food.
Question: 325
Write symptoms of kidney stones.
Answer: 325
325-1097(i) Severe pain in kidney
(ii) Vomiting
(iii) Frequent urination
(iv) Foul- smelling urine
(v) Blood and pus in urine
Question: 326
How bacteria present in colon are important?
Answer: 326
326-1097Bacteria in colon produce vitamin K, which is important in coagulation of blood.
Question: 327
What is Difference between disjunction and non-disjunction?
Answer: 327
327-1097Disjunction:The normal separation of chromosomes or sister chromatin in meiosis is known as disjunction
For example : In normal separation 56 chromosomes are present
Question: 328
What is cerebrum?What is its function?
Answer: 328
328-1097It is the largest part of brain.
Functions :
It control skeletal muscles, thinking, intelligence and emotions.
Question: 329
Define nerve impulse ?
Answer: 329
329-1097A nerve is waves of electrochemical changes which travels along the length of neurons
Question: 330
Differentiate between Morphology and physiology
Answer: 330
330-1097Morphology: This branch deals with the study of form and structures of living organisms
Question: 331
What is diarrhea and write the symptoms?
Answer: 331
331-1097Diarrhea is a condition in which the sufferer has frequent watery, loose bowel movements which are accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. It occurs when required water is not absorbed in blood from colon.
Question: 332
What are the leading causes of kidney failures?
Answer: 332
332-1097(i) Diabetes mellitus
(ii) Hypertension
(iii) Interruption in blood supply to kidney
(iv) Over dosage of medicines
Question: 333
What is somatic nervous system?
Answer: 333
333-1097It controls conscious and voluntary actions. It includes all of the motor neurons that conduct impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles.
Question: 334
Is it possible to reverse the events of the cell cycle ?
Answer: 334
334-1097The events of cell cycle are ordered and directional i-e each event occurs in a sequential fashion and it is impossible to ' reverse' the cycle
Question: 335
Define nerve. What are its types?
Answer: 335
335-1097A nerve is formed by union' of several axons that are enveloped by lipid layer. Types: nerves i. Sensoryrves Motor nerves iii. Mixed nerves
Question: 336
What errors may occur in mitosis ?
Answer: 336
336-1097Errors in the control of mitosis may cause cancer . All cells have genes that control the timing and number of mitosis . Sometimes mutation occur in such genes and cells continue to divide . It results in growth of abnormal cells called tumor
Question: 337
Which three secretions are present in small intestine?
Answer: 337
337-1097(i) Bile from liver helps in the digestion of lipids. Pancreatic juice from pancreas, which contain trypsin, pancreatic amylase and lipids, which digest protein, carbohydrate and lipids respectively.
(ii) Intestinal juice from intestine walls which contain many enzyme for complete digestion of all kinds of food.
Question: 338
What are Schwann cells?What is their role?
Answer: 338
338-1097These are special neuroglial cell located along axons and secrete myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is an insulator,
Question: 339
Describe G1 phase ?
Answer: 339
339-1097After production , cell starts cell cycle with G1 phase . During G1 , cell increases its supply proteins , increase number of its organelles and grow in size . This is marked by synthesis enzymes which are required in next phase
Question: 340
What is the shape of cathode in Nelson's cell ? Why is it perforated ?
Answer: 340
340-1097In nelson's cell cathode is made of iron and have U-shaped . It is perforated because extra brine or NaOH can be easily separated
Question: 341
How can constipation be treated?
Answer: 341
341-1097Treatment of constipation is with a change in dietary and exercise habits. The medicines called laxatives (e.g. paraffin) are used for treatment.
Question: 342
How brain is protected?
Answer: 342
342-1097Brain is protected by i. Cranium iii. Cerebrospinal fluid
Question: 343
Define mitosis and give its one benefit .
Answer: 343
343-1097Mitosis is a type of cell division in which a cell divides into two daughter cells . Each with the same number of chromosomes as was present in parent cell
Question: 344
What is the role of medulla' oblongata?
Answer: 344
344-1097i. Controls breathing, heart rate and blood pressure.
ii. Controls vomiting. coughing sneezing.
Question: 345
What is cerebral cortex?
Answer: 345
345-1097Upper surface of cerebral hemispheres is called cerebral cortex. It consists of grey matter. It has four lobes
i. Frontal lobe
ii. Parietal lobe
iii. Temporal lobe
iv. Occipital lobe
Question: 346
Name three parts of large intestine.
Answer: 346
346-1097Large Intestine has Three Parts:
(i) Caecum
(ii) Colon
(iii) Rectum
Question: 347
What are interneurpns?
Answer: 347
347-1097IN(s) from brain and spinal cord. These neurons receive information, interpret, them and stimulate motor neurons.
Question: 348
What is metastasis ? Write role in cancer
Answer: 348
348-1097The process in which maligant cells (tumors) send the cancer to the parts of body (spreading of disease )
Question: 349
What is G0 phase ?
Answer: 349
349-1097In multicellular eukaryotes , cells enter G0 phase from G1 and stop dividing . Some cells permanently in Go and some semi permanently neurons and cells of liver , kidney respectively . Epithelial cells do not enter in Go phase in whole life of organisms
Question: 350
Differentiate between spinal and cranial nerves.
Answer: 350
350-1097Cranial Nerves
1. Those nerves which arise from Brain are called as cranial nerves.
2. There are twelve pairs of cranial Nerves which are some sensory Some motor and some mix.
Question: 351
What is Science
Answer: 351
351-1097Science is the study in which observations are made experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principles of nature
Question: 352
What are causes of diarrhea?
Answer: 352
352-1097The main causes of diarrhea include lack of adequate safe water. Diarrhea is also caused by viral or bacterial infections of large intestine.
Question: 353
What is bengin tumors ?
Answer: 353
353-1097bengin tumors as long as these tumors remain in their original location , they are called bengin tumors
Question: 354
What is the function of parasympathetic system?
Answer: 354
354-1097i. It slows down the overall activity of body.
ii. It causes pupils to contract.
iii. It promotes digestion.
iv. It slows the rate of heartbeat.
Question: 355
Does mitosis takes place in prokaryotes?
Answer: 355
355-1097Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotes cells . Prokaryotes cells undergo a process similar to proper mitosis called Binary fission
Question: 356
What are the major parts of brain?
Answer: 356
356-1097i. Forebrain
ii. Midbrain
iii. Hind brain
Question: 357
Differentiate between Microbiology and Morphology
Answer: 357
357-1097Microbiology; Microbiology is a major division of biology which deals with the study of micro organisms such as bacteria's viruses, protozoa etc
Question: 358
How does mutton provide us proteins?
Answer: 358
358-1097When we eat mutton and digest its proteins into amino acids. These amino acids are used to synthesize our proteins.
Question: 359
What are faeces?
Answer: 359
359-1097The solid remains of food which contain undigested material are called faeces. Faeces also contain bacteria, sloughed off cells of alimentary canal, bile pigment and water.
Question: 360
Define apoptosis .
Answer: 360
360-1097Apoptosis is one of the main types of programmed cells death , during apoptosis , cells shrinks and becomes rounded due to the breakdown of cytoskeleton by enzymes . It chromatin undergoes condensation and nuclear envelope breaks
Question: 361
What do you mean by Parasitology and biotechnology
Answer: 361
361-1097parasitology: Parasitology deals with the study of parasites like study of plasmodium
Question: 362
What is autonomic system?
Answer: 362
362-1097It is responsible for the activities, which are not under conscious control. It consist, of motor neurons that send signals to cardiac muscles. smooth muscles and glands. It consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic system.
Question: 363
What is famine?
Answer: 363
363-1097Famine means the lack of enough food to feed all the people living in an area.
Question: 364
Define chiasmata?
Answer: 364
364-1097During meiosis the two non-sister chromatids of homologuous chromosomes join together certain points along their length . These points of attraction are called chiasmata
Question: 365
List the most terrible famines of twentieth century.
Answer: 365
365-1097The most terrible famines of the twentieth century are; The Ethiopian famine 1983-85 The North Korean famine 1990
Question: 366
What is neuron or nerve cell , name its types nervous system ?
Answer: 366
366-1097Neuron is the structural and functional unit of nervous system
Types
1: Sensory neuron
2: Motor neuron
3: Inter neuron
Question: 367
Write names of three main division of bioology
Answer: 367
367-1097Three main divisions of biology are given below
Question: 368
What is binary fission ?
Answer: 368
368-1097It is a process in which It is the generation in which one organisms divide into two organisms
Question: 369
What are effectors ? Give example .
Answer: 369
369-1097These are the parts of body which receive messages from coordination and produce particular response , e.g muscles and glands
Question: 370
What is the-treatment for diarrhea?
Answer: 370
370-1097The treatment for diarrhea involves consuming adequate amounts of water to replace the loss. preferably mixed with essential salts and some amount of nutrients. Antibiotics may be required if diarrhea is due to bacterial infection.
Question: 371
What is Immunology
Answer: 371
371-1097Immunology is the branch of biology which deals with the study of the immune system of animals which defends the body against invading microbes
Question: 372
What is appendix?
Answer: 372
372-1097A non-functional finger-like process called appendix arises from the blind end of caecum. Inflammation of appendix due to infection causes severe pain. The infected appendix must be removed surgically otherwise it may burst and inflammation
Question: 373
Ware are receptors ? Give example .
Answer: 373
373-1097Cells , tissues or organs of body which detect stimuli are called receptors e.g sound waves are detected by ear , light is detected by eyes, taste is detected by taste buds on tongue
Question: 374
Name the parts of forebrain
Answer: 374
374-1097i. Thalamus
ii. Hypothalamus
Question: 375
What are parasites
Answer: 375
375-1097Parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm their hosts lives
Question: 376
How does mitosis significant?
Answer: 376
376-1097Importance of mitosis is the maintenance of chromosomal set i-e each daughter cell receives chromosomes that are alike in composition and equal in number to the chromosomes of parent cell . During the occasions of development and growth , cell replacement , regeneration and asexual reproduction , mitosis happens
Question: 377
What are the functions of sympathetic system?
Answer: 377
377-1097It prepares body to deal with emergency situations "fight or flight response". During an emergency situation, this system takes necessary actions. For example it dilates pupils, accelerates heartbeat. increases breathing rate and inhibits digestion.
Question: 378
What do you know about liver?
Answer: 378
378-1097Ans: Liver is the largest gland of body. It is multi-lobed and dark reddish in appearance. It %%eight 1.5 kg and is the size of a football. It lies beneath the diaphragm on the right side of abdomen. Its right lobe is larger than left lobe. A pear shaped greenish yellow sac i.e. gall bladder lies along the right lobe of liver on ventral side.
Question: 379
Define pharmacology and immunology
Answer: 379
379-1097Pharmacology: Pharmacology deals with the study of medicines and their effects on the body of living organisms
Question: 380
Plants do not make their gametes by meiosis. How is that?
Answer: 380
380-1097Plants' life cycle shows alternation of generations. The cells of diploid sporophyte undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. which grow into haploid gametophyte generations Gametophyte generation produces haploid gametes through mitosis. The gametes combine to produce diploid zygote. Zygote undergoes repeated mitosis to become diploid sporophyte
Question: 381
From which two Greek words the word Biology is made
Answer: 381
381-1097The word biology is derived from two Greek words i.e bios meaning life and logos meaning thought or reasoning
Question: 382
What is drought ? Write down any of its two demerits
Answer: 382
382-10971: A drought is a period of time when there is not enough water to support agricultural and human needs
Question: 383
Define meiosis
Answer: 383
383-1097Meiosis is the process by which one diploid eukaryotic cell divide to generate four 11,04 daughter cells. It usually happens during gamete formation.
Question: 384
Define Entomology
Answer: 384
384-1097Entomology is the study of insects like Cockroaches aunts etc
Question: 385
How is cytokinesis different in plant cells as compare the to animal cells?
Answer: 385
385-1097Cytokiaesis in plant cells: .
Crokinesis in plant cells occurs differently. Vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus ore a t middle of cell and fuse to form a membrane-bounded disc called cell plate or phragmoplast. The grows outs and and more vesicles fuse with it. Finally, membranes of cell plate fuse wide as membrane and its contents join the parental cell wall. The result is two daughter cells, each bounded its own plasma membrane and cell wall.
Question: 386
What are rods and cones?
Answer: 386
386-1097These are photosensitive cells. Rods are sensitive to dim light while cones are sensitive to bright light and so distinguish different colours.
Question: 387
What are preventions of diarrhea?
Answer: 387
387-1097Preventions of diarrhea include taking proper water and essential salts, eating regularly and taking hygienic measures.
Question: 388
Define reproduction
Answer: 388
388-1097Reproduction is a biological process by which living things produce the individuals of the same species i-e the next generation of species
The most basic characteristics of life is reproduction , reproduction occurs at different levels of organizations . Parts of cell such as chromosomes produce new chromosomes ,cells produce new cells this all involve in reproduction
Question: 389
Define Anatomy
Answer: 389
389-1097The study of internal structures is called anatomy
Question: 390
What is the role of thalamus?
Answer: 390
390-1097Relay centre between parts of brain & spinal cord receives and modifies sensory impulses before they travel to cerebrum. Pain perception and consciousness.
Question: 391
What is the contribution of Ali-Ibn Isa ?
Answer: 391
391-1097He wrote three books ophthalmology 130 eye disease and perscribed 143 drugs to treat these diseases
Question: 392
Which of the major component of food is needed as the main structural component of the body?
Answer: 392
392-1097Protein is needed as main structural component of the body.
Question: 393
Write the role of calcium and potassium in plants life ?
Answer: 393
393-1097Potassium
Regulates the opening and closing of the stomata , reduces water loss from the leaves
Calcium
Activates enzymes , is a structural component of cell wall , influences water movement in cells .
Question: 394
What is ulcer?
Answer: 394
394-1097Ulcer (peptic ulcer) is a sore in the inner wall of gut (in stomach, oesophagus or duodenum). In ulcer, the acidic gastric juice gradually breaks down the tissue of the inner wall.
Question: 395
What do you know about the profession Agriculture
Answer: 395
395-1097Agriculture profession deals with the food crops and the animals which are the source of food An agriculturist works for the battement of Crops like wheat nce corn etc and animals like buffalo cow etc from which we get food in Pakistan there are many universities which offer professional courses on agriculture
Question: 396
What is choroid?
Answer: 396
396-1097It is middle layer of eye ball. It contains blood vessels and gives a dark colour. It bends behind cornea to form iris
Question: 397
What is gastrin?
Answer: 397
397-1097Some cells of stomach walls release a hormone called gastrin. This hormone enters blood and is distributed to all parts of body. In stomach, it has specific effect and stimulates the gastric glands to secrete more gastric juice.
Question: 398
What are the functions of spinal cord?
Answer: 398
398-1097i. It serves as a link between body parts and brain. ii. It acts as a coordinating centre, responsible for simple reflexes
Question: 399
What is constipation?
Answer: 399
399-1097Constipation is a condition where a person experiences hard faeces that are difficult to eliminate.
Question: 400
S. phase of interphase is important and cell can never divide without it . Justify .
Answer: 400
400-1097In S-pahse the cell duplicates its chromosomes the DNA molecules of each chromosomes is copies and new protein molecules are attached the result is that each chromosomes consists of two sisters chromatids , Which contain identical genes . In the absence of s-phase no replication of DNA will result in absence of chromosomes with two sister chromatids . Hence cell division will not occur
Question: 401
Define fovea what is its functions?
Answer: 401
401-1097It is a dip in retina. directly opposite to lens and is densely packed with cone cells. Function: It is responsible for colour vision in humans and enable high sharpness such as is necessary in reading.
Question: 402
What are the functions of hypothalamus?
Answer: 402
402-1097i. Links nervous system and exocrine system
ii. Controls pituitary gland
iii. Metabolic processes
iv. Controls feelings, like rage and, pleasure and sorrow
Question: 403
How is ulcer treated?
Answer: 403
403-1097Ulcer is treated with medicines which neutralize the acidic affects of gastric juice.
Question: 404
Differentiate between organic and inorganic fertilizers.
Answer: 404
404-1097Organic fertilizerOrganic fertilizers are derived from plants and animals. They are more complex and take time to be broken down into forms usable by Plants.
Mature and compast are used as organic fertilizers
They can increase soil drainage aeration and soi ability to hold-nutrient
Question: 405
Towards which electrode of the electrolytic cell moves the cation and what does they do there ?
Answer: 405
405-1097Cation carry positive charge they move towards the cathode in an electrolytic cell, they gain electrons at cathode an oxidized
Question: 406
Name the parts of hind brain.
Answer: 406
406-1097Medulla oblongata
ii. Cerebellum
iii. Pons
Question: 407
How is food digested in stomach?
Answer: 407
407-1097When food enters the stomach, the gastric glands secrete gastric juice, which contains mucous, digestive enzyme and pepsinogen to pepsin ,which digest proteins of food into polypetides and shorter pepide chains HCl also kills micro-organisms.
Question: 408
What are villi?
Answer: 408
408-1097There are circular folds in the inner wall of ilium. These folds have numerous finger like projections called Villi. Villi increase the surface area of the inner walls and it helps a lot in the absorption of digested food.
Question: 409
Define endocrine system .
Answer: 409
409-1097This system consists of endocrine glands and hormones . Through hormones , this system communicates
Question: 410
Write down any two advantages of fibrous food .
Answer: 410
410-10971: It helps in constipation
2: It helps in lowering cholesterol levels
Question: 411
What is meant by fossiles
Answer: 411
411-1097Fossils are dead remains of extinct organisms and the study of fossils is called paleontology
Question: 412
What is night blindness?
Answer: 412
412-1097The deficiency of vitamin A causes night blindness.
Question: 413
What is phragmoplast ?
Answer: 413
413-1097In plant cell , during cytokinesis , vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus move to the middle of cell and fuse to form a membrane bounded disc called cell plate or phragmoplast
Question: 414
Define opthalmology .
Answer: 414
414-1097It is the branch of science which deals with the study of disease and surgery of eyes
Question: 415
Anode of down cell is made of a non-metal , what is its name ? What is the function of this anode ?
Answer: 415
415-1097In down cell , there is a large block of graphite , which act as anode . The Cl-1 ions are oxidizes there produced Cl2 gas at anode
Question: 416
Define Biophysics
Answer: 416
416-1097Biophysics: It deals with the study of principles of physics which are applicable to biological phenomena
Question: 417
is protein formed and what is its function in the body ?
Answer: 417
417-10971: Proteins are composed of amino acids
2: They play a role as enzymes
3: They can be used for gaining energy
4: We use protein for growth
Question: 418
What is the composition of PNS?
Answer: 418
418-1097It is composed of nerves and ganglia. Nerves are of mo tspes, spinal and cranial nerves.
Question: 419
What is meant by pharmacology
Answer: 419
419-1097Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on the system of the human body
Question: 420
What are sensory neurons?
Answer: 420
420-1097SN(s) conduct sensory information from receptors to CNS, SN(s) have one dendrite and one axon.
Question: 421
Name any four careers in Bioogy
Answer: 421
421-1097Medicine, Fisheries, Agriculture, Aimal Husbandry
Question: 422
S.Write two advantages of apoptosis
Answer: 422
422-10971: Apoptosis can occur when a cell is damaged or undergoes stress conditions
Question: 423
What are Iris and Pupil?
Answer: 423
423-1097Behind cornea. choroid bends to form a muscular ring called Iris. The centre of this iris is called pupil. Light first pass through pupil.
Question: 424
What is the role of liver in digestive system?
Answer: 424
424-1097Liver secretes bile, which is stored in gall bladder, when gall bladder contracts ,the, bile is released to duodenum through common duct
Question: 425
Write any three, functions of liver.
Answer: 425
425-1097(i) Destroys old red blood cells.
(ii) Converts ammonia to less toxic form i.e. urea.
(iii) t ore blood clotting proteins called fibrinogen.
Question: 426
Write the names of disorder of gut .
Answer: 426
426-10971: Diarrohea
2: Constipation
3: Ulcer
Question: 427
Define Reflex arc.
Answer: 427
427-1097It is the nerve pathway over which nerve impulse travels in a reflex action
Question: 428
What are parasities
Answer: 428
428-1097Parasites: parasites are the organism that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm them
Question: 429
What are motor neurons?
Answer: 429
429-1097MN(s) carry information from interneurons to effectors.
Question: 430
What is meant by tumors ?
Answer: 430
430-1097Sometimes mutation occur in such genes and cell contain to divide it results in growth of abnormal cells called tumors
Question: 431
How does pupil constrict and dilate in bright and dim light.
Answer: 431
431-1097i. Pupil constricts in bright light when the circular muscles of iris contract. Pupil dilates in dim light when radial muscles of iris contract.
Question: 432
What is the function of vitamin C in the body ?
Answer: 432
432-1097Vitamin C in white blood cells enables the immune system of function properly . It is needed to form the collagen a fibrous protein )that gives strenght to connective tissues
Question: 433
Differentiate between Morphology and Histology
Answer: 433
433-1097Morphology: Morphology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of form and structure of organisms
Question: 434
Differentiate between population and community
Answer: 434
434-1097Population: A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place
Question: 435
Define ganglion
Answer: 435
435-1097Cell bodies of many neurons, form a group enveloped by a membrane. Phis is called ganglion.
Question: 436
What are sense organs? Give examples.
Answer: 436
436-1097Organs which detect stimuli are called senses. e organs, e.g. eyes. ears. nose. etc.
Question: 437
What are middle ear ossicles?
Answer: 437
437-1097Three bones are present in middle ear are called middle ear ossicles . There are malleus , incus and stapes
Question: 438
What are the major cause of ulcer ?
Answer: 438
438-1097Long term use of anti-inflammatory medicines ,smoking , drinking coffee ,coals and eating spicy foods
Question: 439
Write the difference between physiology and taxonomy
Answer: 439
439-1097The difference between physiology and taxonomy is given below
Question: 440
Write role of calcium and fluoride in human body ?
Answer: 440
440-1097Calcium activates enzymes and it is also needed for maintaining cell membranes and connective tissues and for activation of several enzymes . Fluoride stabilizes bone mineral and hardens the tooth enamel
Question: 441
What is meant by unicellular orgnaization
Answer: 441
441-1097In unicellular organization an organism is consists of only one cell like paramecium
Question: 442
What is the function of lens of eye?
Answer: 442
442-1097It focuses light on retina and produce image an it.
Question: 443
Describe Animal Husbandry as career in biology
Answer: 443
443-1097Animal Husbandry: It is the branch of agriculture concerned with the care and breeding of domestic animals
Question: 444
Define emulsification.
Answer: 444
444-1097The breakdown of fat molecules by the bile salt of bile is called emulsification.
Question: 445
Define the terms systole and diastole.
Answer: 445
445-1097Systole: When both atria contract and pump blood towards ventricles. This period in cardiac cycle is called atrial systole. Atrial systole takes about 0.1 seconds When both ventricles contract and pump blood towards body and lungs. The period of ventricular contraction ins called ventricular systole. Ventricular systole lasts about 0.3 seconds
Question: 446
Define hormone
Answer: 446
446-1097It is a specific messenger molecule synthesized and secreted by an endocrine gland
Question: 447
Name the part of Human alimentary canal
Answer: 447
447-1097Oral cavity , phyrance , esophague , stomachs , small intestine , large intestine and salivary gland
Question: 448
Write achievements of Bu Ali Sine in Biology
Answer: 448
448-1097He is honored as the founder of medicine and called as Avicenna in the west He was a physician philosopher astronomer and poet One of his books Al Qanoon fil-tib is known as canon of medicine in west
Question: 449
What is iodopsin?
Answer: 449
449-1097Cones contain a pigment called iodopsin.
Question: 450
Differentiate between Macromolecules and Macromolecules with example
Answer: 450
450-1097Macromolecules: Molecules with low molecular weight are called macromolecules
Question: 451
How can constipation be prevented
Answer: 451
451-1097One should take the required quantities of water and dietary fibres
Question: 452
What is meant by molecular biology
Answer: 452
452-1097The study of molecules of life is called molecujlar biology like Protein carbohydrates
Question: 453
What is colorblindness?
Answer: 453
453-1097Cones recognize the primary colours are blue green and red. Damages to these pigments result in colour blindness. I his is genetic problem in which person is unable to distinguish between different colour.
Question: 454
How water is an important for our diet ?
Answer: 454
454-1097Water also functions as the environment in which water soluble food stuff is adsorbed in the intestine and the waste products are eliminated in urine
Question: 455
Differentiate between pepsin and pepsinogen .
Answer: 455
455-1097Pepsin is an enzyme which digest protein in stomach cavity
Question: 456
What is species
Answer: 456
456-1097Species: A species is a group of organisms which can interbreed freely among them and can reproduce fertile offering but are reproductively isolated from all other such groups in nature Basic unit or category of classification is species
Question: 457
What is brain stem?
Answer: 457
457-1097The medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain connect the rest of brain to spinal cord collectively called brain stem
Question: 458
Why the division in prokaryotes is not called mitosis ?
Answer: 458
458-1097Prokaryotes do not have proper nucleus and do not form spindles during divisions . That is why there divisions is not called mitosis
Question: 459
What is spinal cord?
Answer: 459
459-1097It is the continuation of medulla oblongata. It is a tubular bundle of nerves. It consists white matter and central grey matter.
Question: 460
What is retina?
Answer: 460
460-1097It is inner layer of eye ball. It contains rods and cones and associated neurons.
Question: 461
Differentiate between assimilation an absorption .
Answer: 461
461-1097Assimilation : It is the conversion of simple food into complex substances
Question: 462
Differentiate between Environmental Biology and Cell Biology
Answer: 462
462-1097Environmental Biology: The study of interaction of organisms and their environments is called environmental biology
Alternative term for Environmental Biology is Ecology
Question: 463
What is rhodopsin?
Answer: 463
463-1097Rod contain a pigment called rhodopsin. When light falls on rhodopsin. it break and generates a nerve impulse
Question: 464
Write comparison between cell level and tissue level
Answer: 464
464-1097Cell level: Cell or cell level organization is a unit of structure and function of living organisms
A cell level organization is composed of different subcellular organelles performing specific functions
Question: 465
What is aqueous humour?
Answer: 465
465-1097Anterior chamber of eye cavity contains clear fluid which is called aqueous humour.
Question: 466
What is the role of potassium ions in the opening of stomata?
Answer: 466
466-1097Recent studies have revealed that light causes the movement of potassium ions from epidermal cells into guard cells. Water follows these ions and enters guard cells. Thus their turgidity increases and stoma opens. As the day progresses, guard cells make glucose i.e. become hypertonic. So water stays in them. At the end of the day, potassium ions flow back from guard cells to epidermal cells and the concentration of glucose also falls. Due to it, water moves to epidermal cells and guard cells loose turgor. It causes the closure of stoma. 3. Define the cohesion-tension theory. Ans: According to this theory, the force which carries water (and dissolved materials) upward through the xylem is transpirational pull. Transpiration creates a pressure difference that pulls water and salts up from roots.
Question: 467
Differentiate between Cell Biology and Histology
Answer: 467
467-1097Call Biology: The study of the structures and functions of cells and cell organelles is called cell biology This branch also deals with the study of cell division
Question: 468
What is the difference between meiosis and meiosis 1 ?
Answer: 468
468-1097Meiosis :
1: Ni pairing of homologus chromosomes
2: Single chromosomes align to form metaphase plate
3: Daughter cell contain diploid number of chromosomes
Question: 469
Give two examples of eye disorders
Answer: 469
469-1097i. Myopia (short sightedness)
I Hypermetropia (Long sightedness)
Question: 470
What are symptoms of Ulcer?
Answer: 470
470-1097The symptoms of ulcer include abdominal burning after meals or at midnight. Severe ulcers may cause abdominal pain, rush of saliva after an episode of regurgitation, nausea, loss of appetite and weight loss.
Question: 471
Write four names of unicellular organisams
Answer: 471
471-1097Unicellular Organisms consist of only Sigle cell
A single cell perform all functions and activities of an organism
Question: 472
What is the cause of diabetes Insipidus?
Answer: 472
472-1097It is due to deficiency of antidiuretic hormone.
Question: 473
Define Genetics
Answer: 473
473-1097The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called genetics Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other
Question: 474
What role does the pericardia Fluid
Answer: 474
474-1097Heart is enclosed in a sac known as pericardium. There is a fluid, known as pericardial fluid. between pericardium and heart walls. It reduces friction between pericardium and heart, during heart contractions.
Question: 475
Define physiology and anatomy
Answer: 475
475-1097Physiology: This branch deals with the study of the functions of different parts of living organisms
Question: 476
How do enzymes lower the activation energy?
Answer: 476
476-1097Enzymes lower the activation energy in several ways. • They may alter the shape of substrate and reduce the requirement of energy for this change. • Some enzymes do so by disrupting the charge distribution on substrates. • Enzymes may also lower activation energy by bringing substrates in the correct rientation to react
Question: 477
1: Name the lobes of cerebrum (cerebral cortex)
Answer: 477
477-1097: i. Frontal
ii. Occipital
iii. Parietal
iv. Temporal.
Question: 478
Which is the smallest bones of human body ?
Answer: 478
478-1097Stapes in the middle ear
Question: 479
Define Biochemistry and Morphology
Answer: 479
479-1097Biochemistry Biochemistry deals with the study of the chemistry of different compounds and chemical reactions occurring in living organisms
Question: 480
Define optimum temperature.
Answer: 480
480-1097The specific temperature at which an enzyme works at its maximum rate is called as optimum temperature of that enzyme. Example: The optimum temperature for the maximum working speed of human enzymes is 37oC
Question: 481
What are preventive measures of Ulcer?
Answer: 481
481-1097Spicy. acidic foods and smoking should be avoided as preventive measures.
Question: 482
What do you mean by Horticulture an how it is related to Agriculture
Answer: 482
482-1097Horticulture Horticulture profession includes the art of gardening It is related to agriculture because a horticulturist works for the betterment of existing varieties and for the production of new varieties of or amential plants and fruit plants
Question: 483
Define myopia (short sight) . How this problem is corrected ?
Answer: 483
483-1097The elongation of eye ball results in myopia such persons are not able o see distant objects clearly .This image of a distant object is formed behind retina . This problem can be corrected by using convex lens
Question: 484
What is the role of Eustachian tube ?
Answer: 484
484-1097It regulates the air pressure on both sides of ear drum
Question: 485
What is lock and key model?
Answer: 485
485-1097According to this model. both enzyme and substrate possess specific shapes that fit exactly into one another. This model explains enzyme specificity.
Question: 486
Write the symptoms of goiter and Anaemia ?
Answer: 486
486-1097If sufficient iodine is not available a person diet thyroid gland became enlarge and cause in swallowing of Neck . If body fails to receive amount of iron adequate no of hemoglobin molecular are nor formed . Then the patient is weak and there is a shortage oxygen supply
Question: 487
What is Farming
Answer: 487
487-1097It deals with the development and maintenance of different type of farm For example in some farms animal breeding technologies are used for the production of animals which are better protein and milk source In poultry farms chicken and effs are produced Similarly in fruit farms different fruit yielding plants are grown A studding who has gone through the professional course of agriculture animal husbandry or fisheries can adopt this profession.
Question: 488
What is the contribution of Ibn-Al-Haytham ?
Answer: 488
488-10971: He wrote 'book of optics '
2: He contributed to eye surgery , structure of eye image formation in eye and visual system
3: He described the principles of pinhole camera
Question: 489
What are the cause of anemia and goiter disease of man ?
Answer: 489
489-1097Deficiency of iron and iodine cause anaemia and goiter diseases of man
Question: 490
Define Habitat
Answer: 490
490-1097Habitat means the area of the environment in which organism lives
Question: 491
What is Gigantism?
Answer: 491
491-1097If somatotrophin is excessively produced during, growing age growth rate increases. This condition is called gigantism.
Question: 492
Define Metabolism.
Answer: 492
492-1097The set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organism in order to maintain life is called metabolism.
Types: They are two types of metabolism
(i) Anabolism (ii) Catabolism I.
Question: 493
What is the role of eyelids and eyelashes?
Answer: 493
493-1097i. Eye lids wipe eyes and prevent dehydration.
ii. Eyelash prevents fine particles from entering the eye.
Question: 494
Write two adverse effect carbonated soft drink
Answer: 494
494-1097There is a growing concern about the harmful effects of carbonated soft drinks . They are very acidic and make our bodies poor in oxygen . They contain phosphoric acid which dissolves calcium out of the bones . This results in bones weakening . The caffeine present in colas increase the heart rate and raises blood pressure
Question: 495
Define genetics and embryology
Answer: 495
495-1097Genetics: The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called genetics inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other
Question: 496
What is the function of Oxytocin?
Answer: 496
496-1097i. It stimulates the contraction of uterus walls in females for child birth.
ii. It causes ejection of milk from breasts.
Question: 497
What is Community Level
Answer: 497
497-1097Community Level: A community is an assemble of different population interacting with one another within the same environment
Question: 498
Define activators.
Answer: 498
498-1097The substance, which increase or speed up the activity of enzymes are called activators.
Question: 499
Name part of ear drum .
Answer: 499
499-10971: Vestibule
2: Semicircular canals
3: Cochlea
Question: 500
Enlist four sources of Vitamin D .
Answer: 500
500-1097Fish , liver oil milk , ghee (butter) synthesized by skin
Question: 501
Define Biometery
Answer: 501
501-1097Biometry: It deals with the study of biological processes using mathematical techniques and tools
Question: 502
Who first used the term enzymes?
Answer: 502
502-1097In 1878, German Physiologist Winhelm Kuhne first used the term enzyme.
Question: 503
What are the main parts of ear ?
Answer: 503
503-10971: Pinna
2: Auditory canal
3: Ear drum
Question: 504
Define reflex action.
Answer: 504
504-1097The fast involuntary action in which spinal cord act as a coordinator
Question: 505
What is diabetes mellitus ?
Answer: 505
505-1097If insulin is deficient in body ,blood sugar level rises ,This disorder is called diabetes mellitus ,person with diabetes have loss of body weight ,weakening of muscles and tiredness
Question: 506
What is Organ System
Answer: 506
506-1097Organ System Different organs performing related functions are organized together in the form of an organ system In an organ system each organ carries out its specific function and the functions of all organs appear as the function of the organ system
Question: 507
At which pH pepsin and trypsin work?
Answer: 507
507-1097Pepsin (working in stomach) is active in acidic medium (low pH) and trypsin (working in small intestine) shows its activity in alkaline medium (high pH)
Question: 508
What do you mean by sources and sinks according to the pressure flow mechanism?
Answer: 508
508-1097Sources: Sources include the exporting organs, typically a mature leaf or storage organ. Sinks: Sinks are the areas of active metabolism or storage e.g. roots, tubers, developing fruits and leaves, and growing regions.
Question: 509
The orgn system level of animals is more complex than plants
Answer: 509
509-1097Organs performing similar functions in multicellular organism organize together to form organ system level The organ system level of animals is more complex than plants because animals have to perform greater functions and activities than plants
Question: 510
What is meant by denaturation of enzyme?
Answer: 510
510-1097When temperature is raised above the optimum temperature, the heat energy increases the vibrations of atoms of enzyme molecules and globular structure of enzyme is lost. This is known as denaturation of enzyme.
Question: 511
What do you know about outer layer of eye ball?
Answer: 511
511-1097i. It consists of sclera and cornea.
ii. Sclera gives eye most of its white colour. In front, it forms a transparent cornea.
iii. Cornea admits light to interior of .eye and bends light rays so that they can be brow to a focus.
Question: 512
Define deafness ?
Answer: 512
512-1097It is a state in which hearing is not possible
Question: 513
What are the two main types of white blood cell?How do they differ?
Answer: 513
513-1097There are main two types of white blood cell.
(i) Granulocytes: Granulocytes have granular cytoplasm, These include neutrophils, Eosinophil and basophils
Question: 514
What are major biological issues noweadays
Answer: 514
514-1097Human population growth infectious diseases addictive drug and pollutions are the major biological issues nowadays
Question: 515
What is vitreous humour?
Answer: 515
515-1097The posterior chamber of cavity of eye contains a jelly like fluid which is called vitreous humour
Question: 516
Define G2 phase .
Answer: 516
516-1097In this phase , a cell prepares protein that are essential for mitosis . After G2 phase of interphase cell enters the division phase
Question: 517
What are exocrine glands ? Give example .
Answer: 517
517-1097These are ducted glands e.g liver, salivary glands
Question: 518
Explain Medicine and Surgery Career in Biology
Answer: 518
518-1097Medicine The profession of medicine deal with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human
Question: 519
Define light reaction .
Answer: 519
519-1097During this phase light energy is captured and is used to make high energy molecules (ATP and NADPH ) these reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
Question: 520
Write the role of phosphorous and zinc in plant ?
Answer: 520
520-1097Phosphorous : Component of ATP nuclei acids and coenzymes , necessary for seed germination , photosynthesis , protein formation etc .
Question: 521
What is meant by Taxonomy
Answer: 521
521-1097Taxonomy It is the study of the naming and classification of organisms into groups and subgroups
Question: 522
What is Biogeography
Answer: 522
522-1097Biogeography is the study of occurrence and distribution of different species of living organisms in different geographical regions of the world It applies the knowledge of the characteristics of particular geographical regions to determine the characteristics of living organisms found there
Question: 523
What are the main components of human blood circulatory
Answer: 523
523-1097Circulatory system are blood, heart and blood vessels.
Question: 524
What is induced fit model?
Answer: 524
524-1097According to this model, active site is not a rigid structure rather it is molded into required shape to perform its function. Induced fit model is more acceptable than "lock and key" model of enzyme action.
Question: 525
What is the role of parathormone ?
Answer: 525
525-1097It increased the level of calcium ions in blood
Question: 526
Why is Jabir Bin Hayan famous
Answer: 526
526-1097Jabir Bin Hayman: Jabir Bin Hayman was born in Iran He introduced experimental investigation in chemistry and also wrote a number of book on plants and animals His famous books are Al Napata and Al Hayman
Question: 527
What is the difference between oxidation and reduction?
Answer: 527
527-1097The loss of electrons is called oxidation while the gain of electrons is called reduction.
Question: 528
Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated spoil fatty acid, give one example .
Answer: 528
528-1097Saturated fatty acid : Theses have all their C-atoms bonded to Haltom's
These solid at room temperature e.g Butter contains 70% saturated fatty acid
Question: 529
What is acromegaly?
Answer: 529
529-1097If somatotrophin is excessively produced after growing age, internal organs and body extremities along grow large. This condition is known as acromegaly
Question: 530
Write examples of complex communities
Answer: 530
530-1097grater number and size of populations
Question: 531
Write the names of two juices secreted in small intestine of man
Answer: 531
531-1097Pancreatic juice , intestinal juice
Question: 532
Differentiate between Cell biology and Histology.
Answer: 532
532-1097Cell Biology : The study of the structures and function of cell and cell organelles is called cell biology
Question: 533
Differentiate between digestion and defecation .
Answer: 533
533-1097The process of breaking up complex substances into simple substances is called digestion
Elimination in undigested food from the body called defecation
Question: 534
Who gave the concept of metabolism first of all?
Answer: 534
534-1097The concept of metabolism was first of all given by Ibn-e-Nafees who stated that the body and its parts are always undergoing change.
Question: 535
What is thyroid stimulating" hormone (TSH)?
Answer: 535
535-1097It is the hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of pituitary gland. It stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin
Question: 536
Differentiate between major minerals and trace minerals .
Answer: 536
536-1097Major minerals : Major minerals are required in the amounts of 100mg (milligrams) or more per day
Question: 537
Define Biotechnology
Answer: 537
537-1097Biotechnology deals with the practical application of the living organisms to make substances for the welfare of making i.e the production of insulin from bacteria
Question: 538
Define Biotechnology ?
Answer: 538
538-1097Biotechnology deals with the practical application of the living organisms to make substances for the welfare of mankind
Question: 539
How rhodopsin is synthesized?
Answer: 539
539-1097Body synthesizes rhodopsin from vitamin A.
Question: 540
Write down the scientific name of Frog and two characteristic
Answer: 540
540-1097The scientific name of Frog is Rana tigrine
Question: 541
What are prosthetic groups?
Answer: 541
541-1097The organic cofactors, which are tightly bound to enzymes are called prosthetic groups.
Question: 542
Give causes of obesity
Answer: 542
542-1097Obesity means becoming over-weight and it may also be due to malnutrition . People who take food that contains energy more than their requirements and do very little physical work can become obese . Obesity is known as the mother-disease and may lead to heart problem hypertensions , diabetes etc
Question: 543
What is testosterone ?
Answer: 543
543-1097It is the hormone secreted by testis which controls development of secondary sex characters in male
Question: 544
What is Biosphere level
Answer: 544
544-1097The part of Earth inhabited by organisms communities is known as biosphere It constitutes all ecosystems and is called the zone of life on Earth or biosphere
Question: 545
What is the largest gland of human body and where it is located ?
Answer: 545
545-1097Liver is the largest gland of human body . It lies beneath the diaphragm on the right hand side of abdomen
Question: 546
Define Population
Answer: 546
546-1097Population A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place in the same time.
Question: 547
Differentiate between anabolism and catabolism
Answer: 547
547-1097Anabolism
includes the biochemical reactions in which larger molecules are reactions in which larger molecules are it synthesized. Energy is utilized in broken down. Usually energy is released in anabolism_ catabolism.
Examaple: Photosynthesis
Question: 548
Define Genes
Answer: 548
548-1097Genes is unit inheritance It transform genetic informations from one generation to next generation
Question: 549
What is optic disc or blind spot?
Answer: 549
549-1097Optic disc is a point on retina where the optic nerve enters retina. No pin insensitive cells exist at this point, so it is called blind spot.
Question: 550
Name two functions of ear ?
Answer: 550
550-10971: Hearing
2: Balance or equilibrium of body
Question: 551
Describe any two functions of liver besides digestion .
Answer: 551
551-1097It destroys the old red blood cells . It converts ammonia to less toxic from urea
Question: 552
Write two functions of muscular tissue
Answer: 552
552-1097Muscular tissue moves the bones of skeleton
Muscular tissue makes heart beat
Question: 553
Define photosynthesis and Write down the general equation for photosynthesis?
Answer: 553
553-1097The process, which involves synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, with oxygen as a by - product is called photosynthesis.
Equation:
6CO2 + 12H20 + Light energy —> C61-11206 + 602 + 6H20
Question: 554
Define goiter.
Answer: 554
554-1097If a person lacks iodine in diet, thyroid gland cannot make hormone . Thyroid gland is enlarged and swelling of neck occur. This condition is called goiter.
Question: 555
Write any two characteristics of enzymes?
Answer: 555
555-1097Almost all enzymes are proteins i.e. they are made of amino acids. Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of times faster than those of comparable uncatalyzed reactions. As with all catalysts, enzymes are not consumed by the reactions they catalyze.
Question: 556
What is the function of pinna ?
Answer: 556
556-1097It helps to direct the sound waves into auditory canal
Question: 557
What is meant by Bio-Elements
Answer: 557
557-1097Out of the 92 kinds of elements that occur in nature 16 are bioelements These take part in makin the body mass of a living organisms Out of these bioelements Only sex and make of the total mass Other ten One collectively make of the total mass
Question: 558
On what basis blood is classified into different groups?
Answer: 558
558-1097Blood group on the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
Question: 559
Define Socio-biology
Answer: 559
559-1097Socio biology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of social behavior of animals that make societies
Question: 560
You see pus at the site of infection on your skin. How is it formed?
Answer: 560
560-1097WBCs die in the process of killing the germs. These dead cells accumulate and make the white substance called pus, seen at infection sites.
Question: 561
Define socio-biology ?
Answer: 561
561-1097Socio biology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of social behaviour of animals that make societies
Question: 562
Which thing causes water to move by osmosis from the xylem?
Answer: 562
562-1097Mesophyll cell causes water to move by osmosis from the xylem of leaf.
Question: 563
How does change in pH affect activity of enzymes?
Answer: 563
563-1097Enzymes are mostly proteins; change in pH can affect the ionization of the amino acids at the active site. A slight change in pH causes retardation in enzyme activity or blocks it completely.
Question: 564
Who discovered the ATP molecule ? What is the function in cell?
Answer: 564
564-1097The major energy currency of all cells is a nucleotide called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) . It is main energy source for majority of the cellular functions like synthesis of macro molecules endocytosis etc . It has ability to store and release energy . It was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lorhmann and was proposed to be main energy transfer molecule in the cell by the noble prize winner , Fritz Lipmann in 1941
Question: 565
What is optics ? Who is regarded as father of optics ?
Answer: 565
565-1097Optics refers to the study of behavior of light . Ibn-Al-Haytham is regarded as father of optics
Question: 566
Define Colonial Organization and give example
Answer: 566
566-1097Colonial Organization: In colonial type of cellular do not have any division of labour amony them Each unicellular organismal in a colony lives its own life and does not depend on other cells for its vital requirements
Question: 567
What is eutrophication ? What is its effect on earth ?
Answer: 567
567-1097Eutrophication is defined as increase in chemical nutrient in an ecosystem . The extra amount chemical nutrients may cause of increase of soul activity
Question: 568
Write sources and deficiency symptoms of Vitamin D ?
Answer: 568
568-1097Fish liver oil , Milk , ghee and butter synthesized by skin .
Deficiency symptoms of vitamin D
Rickets in children ,osteomalacia in adults .
Question: 569
Name secretions stored in posterior
Answer: 569
569-1097i. Oxytoci
ii Vasopressin
Question: 570
What are situated adrenal glands
Answer: 570
570-1097These are situated above kidney
Question: 571
In which industries enzymes are extensively used for fast chemical reactions?
Answer: 571
571-1097Enzymes are extensively used in: (i) Food industry (ii) Brewing industry (iii) Paper industry (iv) Biological detergents
Question: 572
Write twoi uses of surgery
Answer: 572
572-1097In surgery the parts of the body may be repaired
In surgery the parts of the body may be repaired
In surgery the parts of the body may be removed
Question: 573
What is composition of blood?
Answer: 573
573-1097Blood is specialized body fluid that is composed of a liquid called blood plasma and blood cells. It consist of 45% blood cell and 55% blood plasma
Question: 574
Which reactions proceed faster?Enzymes or non-enzymatic
Answer: 574
574-1097Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of time faster than those of comparable uncatalysed reaction.
Question: 575
What is meant by Bioeconomics
Answer: 575
575-1097Bioecomics deals with the study of organisms from economical point of view For example the cost value and economical point of view For example the cost value and profit value of the yield of wheat can be calculated through bioeconomic
Question: 576
Write down the summary of the events of dark reactions.
Answer: 576
576-1097i) CO2 molecules are combined with 5-carbon compound to form temporary 6- carbon compounds, each split into two 3-carbon compounds. (ii) The 3-carbon compounds are reduced to 3-carbon carbohydrates by using g energy of ATP and hydrogen from NADPH. (iii) 3-Carbon carbohydrates are used to manufacture glucose and are also used to regenerate the original 5-carbon compounds. This step also utilize ATP
Question: 577
What role does the pericardia Fluid
Answer: 577
577-1097Heart is enclosed in a sac known as pericardium. There is a fluid, known as pericardial fluid, between pericardium and heart walls. It reduces friction between pericardium and heart, during heart contractions.
Question: 578
Give the role of bile in indigestion .
Answer: 578
578-1097Bile from liver help in digestion of lipids through emulsification by keeping : croplets separate from another
Question: 579
Write down the levels of organization is sequence
Answer: 579
579-1097Sub atomic and Atomic level, Molecular level, Organelle and cell level, Tissue level, Organ and Organ system level. Organism level, Population level, Community level, Biosphere level
Question: 580
What are accessory pigments?
Answer: 580
580-1097Photosynthetic pigments are organized in the form of clusters, called photosystems, in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. Chlorophyll-a is the main, photosynthetic pigment. Others are called accessory pigments and include chlorophyll and carotenoids
Question: 581
What are endocrine glands ? Give example .
Answer: 581
581-1097These are the ductless glands which secrete hormones into blood e.g thyroid ,pituitary , adernal etc
Question: 582
Write two industrial uses of enzyme.
Answer: 582
582-1097Food Industry: Enzymes that break starch into simple sugars are used in the production of white bread. buns etc. (Amylase).
Question: 583
Write the name of three main division of biology ?
Answer: 583
583-1097Three main division of biology are given below:
Zoology:This division of biology deals with the study of animals
Botany:This division of biology deals with the study of plants
Microbiology: This division of biology deals with the study of micro-organisms
Question: 584
What is the function of vasopressin?
Answer: 584
584-1097It increase the rate of reabsorption of water from nephrons.
Question: 585
How does human heart work as double pump?
Answer: 585
585-1097Human heart work as a double pump . It receives de-oxygenated (with less oxygen ) blood from body and pumps into lungs, At the same time , it receives oxygenated with more oxygen) blood from lungs and pumps it to all body . Inside heart chambers ,the deoxygenated and oxygenated bloods are kept separated .
Question: 586
Write down the namesof groups of biomolecules and give example
Answer: 586
586-1097Biomolecules Bioelements in living organisms combine through ionic and covalent bond formation to form stable particles know as biomolecules
Question: 587
What are biocatalysts?
Answer: 587
587-1097Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they act as biocatalysts, which speed up and regulate metabolic pathways.
Question: 588
Differentiate between autotrophic organisms and heterotrophic ?
Answer: 588
588-1097Autotrophic organisms : Autotrophs are plants and organisms prepare their own food . Examples plants
Question: 589
what are parasites ? Define Parasitology .
Answer: 589
589-1097Parasites:parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm them
Question: 590
medium. Define products of an enzyme action.
Answer: 590
590-1097When enzymes attaches with the substrate, a temporary enzyme — substrate (ES) complex i! formed — Enzyme catalyzes the reaction and substrate is transferred into product.
E+S➜ES Complex➜ E+P
Question: 591
. What is transpiration pull?
Answer: 591
591-1097The pulling force created by the transpiration of water is called transpirational pull. It helps water transport through plant.
Question: 592
Write the names of two tissues present in stomach
Answer: 592
592-1097Epithelial Tissue, Muscular Tissue
Question: 593
Name parts of adrenal gland and their hormones .
Answer: 593
593-1097Each adrenal gland has two parts :
1: Outer part is called adrenal cortex with secretes corticosteroids
2:Central part is called adrenal medulla which secrets adrenaline
Question: 594
Differentiate between micro-molecular and macro-molecular ? with example
Answer: 594
594-1097Micro-molecular:Molecular with low molecular weight are called micro-molecular
Example:Glucose, Water
Question: 595
Name famous books of jabar Bin Hayan and Abdul Malik Asmal
Answer: 595
595-1097Al-Nabatat and Al-Hayman are written by jabir Bin-Hayan Famous books written by Abdul Malik Asma were Al-abil Camel Al khail Horses Al Whoosh animal
Question: 596
What is the optimum temperature for human enzymes?
Answer: 596
596-1097The optimum temperature for the maximum working speed of human enzymes in 37°C.
Question: 597
What are redox reactions?
Answer: 597
597-1097The oxidation and reduction reactions always run simultaneously and are called redox reaction. Redox reactions are direct source of energy for all life processes. Redox reactions involve exchange of electrons between atoms.
Question: 598
What is over intake of nutrients
Answer: 598
598-1097(OIN) is a form of malnutrition in which more nutrients are taken than the amounts required for normal growth , development and metabolism
Question: 599
What are products?
Answer: 599
599-1097products? The molecules, which are produced after the action of enzymes on substrate molecules are called products
Question: 600
Define Tissue and organ also give example
Answer: 600
600-1097Tissues In multicellular organisms tissues can be defined as a group of similar cells specialized for the performance of a common function
Question: 601
How is the activity of an enzyme affected?
Answer: 601
601-1097File activity of an enzyme is affected by any change in conditions that alters its chemistry and its shape
Question: 602
Deficiency of which vitamin cause Osteomalcia ? Write down one symptom.
Answer: 602
602-1097Due to deficiency in vitamin D . It can produce 'soft bones ' and risk fen-fractures in bones
Question: 603
Define pharmacology and immunology.
Answer: 603
603-1097Pharmacology : Pharmacology deals with the study of medicines and their effect on the body of living organisms.
Question: 604
What is sunlight energy? Write its function in plants?
Answer: 604
604-1097Sunlight energy is absorbed by chlorophyll . It is then converted into chemical energy which derives the photosynthesis process . The light rays of different wave lengths are not only differently absorbed by photosynthetic pigments but are also differently effective in photosynthesis . The blue and red lights carry out more photosynthesis
Question: 605
Name vegetative and reproductive parts of Mustard Plant
Answer: 605
605-1097Reproductive parts: Flowers
Vegetative parts: Roots, stem, Branches
Question: 606
In which processes ATP is used as energy source?
Answer: 606
606-1097ATP is the main energy source for majority of the cellular functions like the, synthesis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins), movement, transmission of nerve impulse, active transport. exocytosis and endocytosis etc.
Question: 607
Why carbohydrates are important for man ?
Answer: 607
607-1097Carbohydrates are important for human because it is most common source of energy
Question: 608
Describe the effect of temperature on speed of enzyme action.
Answer: 608
608-1097Heating increases molecular motion. Thus the molecules of the substrate and enzyme move more quickly and chances of their bumping into each other are increased. As a result there is a greater probability of a reaction occurring. When temperature rises to a certain limit, heat adds in the activation energy and also provides kinetic energy for the reaction. So reactions are accelerated. But when temperature is raised well above the optimum temperature, heat energy increases the vibrations of atoms of enzyme and the globular structure of enzyme is lost.
Question: 609
What is difference between Zoology and Botany ?
Answer: 609
609-1097Zoology The major division of the biology which deals with the study of animals is called zoology
Question: 610
What is somatotrophin? What is function?
Answer: 610
610-1097It is a hormone produced by anterior lobe of pituitary gland. Function: It promotes the growth of body.
Question: 611
How are leaves adapted to their function?
Answer: 611
611-10971: The leaves on the branches of plants are arranged in such a manner that they get maximum of sunlight for photosynthesis . Majority of leaves are flat . With maximum of surface area for maximum absorption of sunlight
Question: 612
Define genetic?
Answer: 612
612-1097The study of genes and their role in inheritance is called Genetic
Question: 613
What are the main causes of constipation ?
Answer: 613
613-1097Excessive absorption of water through colon, insufficient intake of dietary ,fibre , dehydration ,use of medicine and tumors in rectum and anus
Question: 614
Which are factors that can affect the rate of enzymes reaction?
Answer: 614
614-1097Temperature. substrate concentration and pii affect the rate of enzyme reaction.
Question: 615
Which things are included in Blood cells and cell-like bodies?
Answer: 615
615-1097These include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes)
Question: 616
What is meant by hypertension ?
Answer: 616
616-1097A condition in which blood pressure is higher than normal is called hypertension . Normal B.P is 120/180 mm/Hg
Question: 617
Differentiate between Species and Habitat
Answer: 617
617-1097Species: Species is a group of organisms which can interbreed among themselves to produce fertile offspring
Question: 618
What is meant by Parasitology and biotechnology ?
Answer: 618
618-1097Parasitology :Parasitologydeals with the study of parasites like study of plasmodium
Question: 619
Give a reason for the creation of transpiration pull?
Answer: 619
619-1097Following are the reasons for the creation of transpirational pull.
• Water is held in a tube (xylem) that has small diameter.
• Water molecules adhere to the walls of xylem tube (adhesion).
• Water molecules cohere to each other (cohesion).
• These attractions make an overall tension among water molecules. This tension forms 'column of water. The columns of water move from root to shoot and the water content of the soil enter in these columns
Question: 620
What is pituitary gland ? Names its lobes ?
Answer: 620
620-1097It is a pear -shaped ,gland attached to the hypothalamus of brain
Lobes :
1: Anterior lobes
2: Posterior lobe
Question: 621
Write down two names of each plant and animal tissues
Answer: 621
621-1097Ground and vascular tissues are the plant tissues Nervous and Muscular tissues are the animal tissues
Question: 622
Write about Lubb- Dubb
Answer: 622
622-1097: When ventricle contact the tricuspid and bicuspid valves close and lubh sound is produced. Similarly when ventricles relax, the semilunar valves close and dub. Sound is produced. Lubb-dub can be heard with the help of a stethoscope.
Question: 623
What are peptide bonds?
Answer: 623
623-1097The forces of attraction, which hold amino acids to form proteins, are called peptide bond
Question: 624
What do you know about the professional "Agriculture" ?
Answer: 624
624-1097Agriculture is the profession deals with the foods of crops and the animals which are the source of food An agriculturist work for the betterment of crops like wheat rice corn e.t.c
Question: 625
Which models explain the mechanism of enzyme action?
Answer: 625
625-1097Two models have been proposed to explain the mechanism of enzyme action.
(i ) Lock and key model (ii) Induced fit model
Question: 626
Describe any four sources of proteins .
Answer: 626
626-1097Meat, eggs , grains , legumes
Question: 627
Which organisms carry out photosynthesis?
Answer: 627
627-1097Autotrophic organisms like plants, some protists and some bacteria use inorganic raw materials such as carbon dioxide and water for the preparation of organic food, which IUS primarily comprises of carbohydrates
Question: 628
Write two function of muscular tissue ?
Answer: 628
628-1097- Muscular tissue move to bones of skeleton
- Muscular tissue makes heart beat
Question: 629
Describe the presence of antigens and antibodies in different blood groups?
Answer: 629
629-1097The antibodies i.e. anti A & anti-B antibodies appear in the blood and are present according to the absence of corresponding antigen. In persons with blood group B, antigen B is present and they contain antibody A. The person having blood group AB, antibodies are absent and person having blood group 0 have antibodies A and B Both.
Question: 630
Define cofactor and coenzyme
Answer: 630
630-1097The non-protein molecules or ions, which are required by enzymes to show full activity, are called cofactors. Cofactors may be inorganic (e.g. metal ions) or organic (e.g. flavin and heme)
Question: 631
What are Islets of Langerhans ? Name their secretions
Answer: 631
631-1097The group of endocrine cells found in pancreas which produce hormones are called islets of Langerhans
Secretions :
1:Insulin
2: Glucagon
Question: 632
Who proposed Lock and Key model and induced lit model of enzyme action?
Answer: 632
632-1097A German chemist Emil Fischer in 1894, proposed the lock and key model. In 1958 an American biologist Daniel Koshland proposed the induced fit model, which was a modification of lock and key model.
Question: 633
What are lenticels and where are they found in plant body?
Answer: 633
633-1097The lenticel is the small pores which are present the bark of the stem.
Question: 634
Which molecule is called energy currency of a cell write name major its major parts.
Answer: 634
634-1097ATP is a energy currency of a cell. Each ATP molecule has three subunits: (a) adenine - a double ringed nitrogenous base
(b) a ribose - a five carbon sugar; and
(c) three phosphate groups in a linear chain.
Question: 635
Explain Medicine and surgery career in biology ?
Answer: 635
635-1097Medicine:The profession of medicine deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human .
Question: 636
What is thyroxin?What is its role?
Answer: 636
636-1097It is the hormone secreted by thyroid plan .
Role:
i. It increases the" breakdown of food and release of energy .
ii. It is responsible for growth of body.
Question: 637
What are the function of Insulin and glucagon ?
Answer: 637
637-1097Insulin : Decrease the blood sugar level
Question: 638
State cytokinesis
Answer: 638
638-1097The division of cytoplasm is called cytokinesis
Question: 639
What is the cause of dwarfism?
Answer: 639
639-1097If somatotrophin is deficient during growing age growth rate decreases. This condition is called dwarfism.
Question: 640
How many cubic millimeter of blood RBCs present in males?
Answer: 640
640-1097A cubic millimeter of blood contains 5 to 5.5 of RBCs in males.
Question: 641
Define bioenergetics .
Answer: 641
641-1097The study of energy relationships and energy transformations (conversions) in living organisms is called bioenergetics.
Question: 642
What structures and phenomena are involved in the intake of carbon dioxide and water by plants?
Answer: 642
642-1097Intake of Water and Carbon dioxide
Intake of Water: Water and carbon dioxide are the raw materials of photosynthesis. Plants have mechanisms for the intake and transport of these raw materials. Water, present in soil, is absorbed by roots and root hairs through osmosis. This eater is eventually transported to leaves through xylem vessels.
Question: 643
Differentiate between Morphology and physiology ?
Answer: 643
643-1097Morphology: The branch deals with the study of from and structures of living organisms.
Question: 644
What are stomata?
Answer: 644
644-1097The tiny openings present in the epidermis of leaf through which gases enter or leave the cells are called stomata. It consists of two bean shaped cells called guard cells.
Question: 645
Name any four careers in biology ?
Answer: 645
645-10971. Medicine 2. Fisheries
3.Agriculture 4. Animals Husbandry
Question: 646
For what purpose phloem tissue is responsible?
Answer: 646
646-1097Phloem tissue is responsible for the conduction of dissolved organic matter between different parts of plant body from source to sink.
Question: 647
What are Parasites ? give one example .
Answer: 647
647-1097Parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts in return, harm their (hosts) lives
Example: 1 leach 2 Hook Worm
Question: 648
What is tricuspid valve?
Answer: 648
648-1097The opening between right atrium and right ventricle is guarded by a salve called tricuspid salve (which is guarded by 3 flaps). It allows the blood to move front right atrium to right ventricle and prevent back flow,
Question: 649
What are different phases of aerobic respiration ?
Answer: 649
649-10971: In first phase , a molecule of glucose (6-C) is broken down into two pyruvic acid (3-C) molecules
Question: 650
Name two disorders of nervous system .
Answer: 650
650-10971: Paralysis
2: Epilepsy
Question: 651
16. Define active site.
Answer: 651
651-1097Only a small portion of enzyme molecules is directly involved in catalysis. This catalytic region is known as active site.
Question: 652
Explain that electrons can be source of energy during oxidation reduction reaction ?
Answer: 652
652-1097During light reaction of photosynthesis the electrons are emitted first from the thylakoid membrane and then these electrons are passes through the electron transport chain also and help in the formation of energy rich molecules like ATP and NADPH
Question: 653
Write an achievements of Bu Ali Sina in biology ?
Answer: 653
653-1097He is honoured as the founder of medicine and called as a Avecena in the west. he was a physican philosopher astronomer and poet
Question: 654
Are all biochemical catalysts proteins?
Answer: 654
654-1097All biochemical catalysts are not proteins, for example some RNA molecules also catalyze reactions
Question: 655
Why transpiration may be harmful process?
Answer: 655
655-1097Transpiration may be a harmful process in the sense that during the condition of drought, loss of water from plant results in serious desiccation, wilting and often death.
Question: 656
Define cofactor and coenzymes .
Answer: 656
656-1097Cofactors : The non-protein molecules or ions which are required by enzymes to show full activity are called cofactors . Cofactors may be inorganic (e.g metal ions ) or organic (e.g flavin and heme )
Question: 657
What are the functions of root ?
Answer: 657
657-1097In addition to anchoring the plant , roots perform two other vital functions
1: They absorb water and salts from soil
2: They provide conducting tissues for distributing these substances to the tissues of the stem
Question: 658
How are enzymes classified?
Answer: 658
658-1097Enzymes are usually very specific for the type of reaction and for the nature of the substrates.
Question: 659
What is the main use of enzymes in paper industry?
Answer: 659
659-1097Paper Industry: Enzyme break starch to lower its viscosity that aids in making paper.
Question: 660
Define Habitat ?
Answer: 660
660-1097Habitat means the are of the environmental in which organism lives .
Question: 661
What are limiting factors in photosynthesis ? Give two example
Answer: 661
661-1097Any environmental factor the absence or deficiency of which can decrease the rate of a metabolic reaction , is called limiting factor for that reaction
Question: 662
What are dark reactions?
Answer: 662
662-1097During second phase of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to make glucose. In his phase, the energy from high energy molecules (ATP and NADPI I) is utilized. Since these reactions do not use light directly, they are known as dark reactions. These reactions take place in the stroma of chloroplasts'
Question: 663
How different materials transport in human body?
Answer: 663
663-1097Like other animals the task of transport of different materials in human body is performed by two systems i.e. blood circulatory system and lymphatic system. system
Question: 664
Which type of bond is present between groups of ATP?
Answer: 664
664-1097The covalent bond connecting two phosphates high-energy bond and is indicated by "tilde"
Question: 665
What is Electron transport chain.?
Answer: 665
665-1097Electron Transport chain is the final step of cellular respiration . It is the transfer of electron on an electron transport chain. In this step. electrons and hydrogen ions. These electrons are taken up by a series of e electron carriers.
Question: 666
What is bicuspid value?
Answer: 666
666-1097The opening hem cell right atrium and left ventricle is guarded. by a valve called bicuspid valve (it contains 2 flaps)• It allows passage of blood from left atrium to left ventricle and prevent back flow
Question: 667
Can electrons be an energy source? How?
Answer: 667
667-1097Electrons can he an energy source. It depends upon their location and arrangement in atoms. For example: N‘ hen they are present in oxygen. they make stable association with oxygen atom and are not good energy source. But if electrons are dragged away from oxygen and attached to some other atom e.g. carbon or hydrogen, they make unstable association. They try to move back to oxygen and when this happens, energy is released.
Question: 668
How many cubic millimeter of blood RBCs is present in female?
Answer: 668
668-1097A cubic millimeter of blood contain 4 - 4.5 million of RBCs in female.
Question: 669
What is significance of symbol and elements .
Answer: 669
669-1097Symbol is the identification used for the chemical name of the element .
It represents the only one atom of the element. Symbolic representation is abbreviation for the name of element
Question: 670
Name the famous writings of Abdul Malik Asmai ?
Answer: 670
670-1097Al-Nabatat and Al- Hyawan are the written by jabir bin hayanfamous writings of Abdul Malik Asmaiwere Al- Abil Camel Al khail horses Al-Wahoosh kalaq al ansan
Question: 671
What is meant by saturation of active sites?
Answer: 671
671-1097At high substrate concentration. when all the active sites of an enzyme are occupied and an," more substrate molecules do not find free active sites. This state is called saturation of active sites and reaction rate does not increase.
Question: 672
Define Immunology ?
Answer: 672
672-1097Immunology is the branch of biology which deals with the study of the immune system of animals which defends the body against invading microbes .
Question: 673
What are products ?
Answer: 673
673-1097The molecules , which are produced after the action of enzymes on substrate molecules are called products
Question: 674
State the process of opening and closing phenomena of stomata in the leaf of plants
Answer: 674
674-1097When a leaf transpires, the water concentrations of its mesophyll cells drops . This drop causes water osmosis from the xylem of leaf it creates a pulling force that continues all the way to root .
Question: 675
How do organisms get energy?
Answer: 675
675-1097Organisms obtain energy by metabolizing the food they eaf or prepare. Food con potential energy in its bonds. When these bonds are broken down, a large amount of kinetic energy is released. Some of this energy is stored in the form of potential energy bonds of ATP molecules while the rest escapes as heat
Question: 676
What is meant by Bio economics ?
Answer: 676
676-1097Bio Economics deals with the study of organisms from economical point of views. For example the cost value and profit value of the yield of wheat can be calculated through bio economics and benefits or losses can be determine
Question: 677
What is meant by thrombus?
Answer: 677
677-1097The blood clots formed by plagues within arteries are called thrombus.
Question: 678
What is the result of denaturation of enzymes?
Answer: 678
678-1097Denaturation of enzymes results in rapid decrease in the rate of enzymes action and it may be blocked completely.
Question: 679
What are symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
Answer: 679
679-1097i. Increases in energy production
ii. Increased heart-beat
iii. Frequent sweating
iv. Shivering of hand
Question: 680
Which thing can change the pH of the blood?
Answer: 680
680-1097change the pH of the blood
Question: 681
Birds have higher body temperature than mammals. What would ha' en to the activity of a bird's enzyme if it is given temperature of 37°C.
Answer: 681
681-1097Reaction will slow down.
Question: 682
Differentiate between Morphology and Histology .
Write down the definition of Morphology?
Answer: 682
682-1097Morphology The branch deals with the study of from and structures of living organisms
Question: 683
Write the characteristics of cardiac muscles .
Answer: 683
683-1097The muscles present in heart walls are called cardia muscles Cardiac muscles are involuntary in action are composed of branched striated cells , each with a single nucleus
Question: 684
What is the difference between intracellular and extra cellular enzymes?
Answer: 684
684-1097Intracellular
The enzymes. which work inside the cell. are called intracellular enzyme e.g. enzymes of glycolysis working in cytoplasm.
Question: 685
Write the names of vegetative organs of Plants
Answer: 685
685-1097Roots, stem branches and leaves are the vegetative organs of plants which do not take part in the sexual reproduction of the plant
Question: 686
What is epidermis ?
Answer: 686
686-1097The single layer of cells on leaves is thin , it is called epidermis it is covered by cuticle
Question: 687
What is meant by taxonomy ?
Answer: 687
687-1097it is study of naming and classification of organisms into group and subgroups.
Question: 688
What is the scientific name of mustard plant Describe its twoi advantages
Answer: 688
688-1097The scientific name of Mustard plant is brassica composters This plant is sown in winter and it produces seeds at the end of winter
Question: 689
How is energy used in life processes?
Answer: 689
689-1097Various life processes in organisms involve constant flow of energy. This energy flow comprises the acquisition transformation, and use of energy for various life p like growth. movement. reproduction etc
Question: 690
What is the cause of hypothyroidism?
Answer: 690
690-1097It is caused by under production of thyroxin. It is characterized by low energy production and slowing down heart beat.
Question: 691
What is meant by molecular biology ?
Answer: 691
691-1097The study of molecular of life is called molecular biology like protein carbohydrates
Question: 692
Differentiate between species and habitat?
Answer: 692
692-1097Species:Species is a group of organisms which can be interbreed among themselves to produce fertile offspring
Question: 693
What are substrates ?
Answer: 693
693-1097The molecules , at which enzymes act is called substrates
Question: 694
Differentiate between Microbiology and Morphology?
Answer: 694
694-1097Microbiology: Microbiology is a major division of biology which deals with the study of micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses
Question: 695
What is angina pectoris ? Write its symptoms .
Answer: 695
695-1097Angina pectoris means chest pain but not as severe as in heart attack. The pain may occur in heart and often in left arm and shoulder . It is the warning sign that the blood supply to heart muscles is not sufficient but shortage is not enough to cause tissue death
Question: 696
Differentiate between vegetative and reproductive organs
Answer: 696
696-1097The difference between vegetative and reproductive organs are given below
Question: 697
What are nutrients?
Answer: 697
697-1097The elements and compounds that an organism obtains and uses as energy source or for the synthesis of new materials are called nutrients.
Question: 698
Define photolysis.
Answer: 698
698-1097The breakdown of compounds in the presence of light is called photolysis.
Question: 699
How transpiration is important for plants ?
Answer: 699
699-1097Transpiration creates a pulling force called transpiration pull, which is principally responsible for the conduction of water and salts from roots to the aerial parts of the body
Question: 700
Write the difference between physiology and taxonomy ?
Answer: 700
700-1097The difference between physiology and taxonomy are given below .
Question: 701
How many enzymes are known?
Answer: 701
701-1097There are over 2000 known enzymes, each of which is involved in one specific chemical reaction.
Question: 702
. Define capillaries
Answer: 702
702-1097Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels present in tissues. These are the vessels through which exchange of materials between blood and tissue fluid is carried out through capillaries
Question: 703
How is energy released from ATP ?
Answer: 703
703-1097Energy is released as bonds between phosphate groups of ATP are broken down . When one phosphate group separates . ATP is changed to ADP and 7.3k Calories /mole of ATP is formed
Question: 704
What is optimum pH?
Answer: 704
704-1097A narrow range of pH at which all enzymes work at their maximum rate is called optimum pH.
Question: 705
Define colonial organization ?
Answer: 705
705-1097in colonial type o cellular organization live together but do not have any division of labour among them.Each unicellular organisms in a colony lives its own life and dose not depend on other cells for its virtual requirement
Question: 706
What is cardiac cycle ?
Answer: 706
706-1097The alternating relaxation contractions cycle and one complete cardiac cycle makes one heart beat .
It has three phases :
1: Cardiac cycle
2: Atrial systole
3: Ventricle systole
Question: 707
Write a note on specificity enzymes
Answer: 707
707-1097The specificity of different enzymes is determined by the shapes of their active sites. Enzymes are usually very specific for the type of reaction and for the nature of their substances Only a small portion of enzymes molecules is directly involved in catalyst . This catalyst region is known as active site .It recognizes and binds substrate and then carries out reaction.
Question: 708
is the percentage of blood in human body ?
Answer: 708
708-1097In a healthy person , plasma constitutes about 55% by volume of the blood and cells or cell - like bodies about 45% of the blood
Question: 709
How is water taken in by plants for photosynthesis?
Answer: 709
709-1097Water, present in soil, is absorbed by roots and root hairs through osmosis. This water is eventually transported to leaves through xylem vessels.
Question: 710
What happens in cellular respiration to and oxygen ?
Answer: 710
710-1097In cellular respiration , food is oxidized to CO2while O2is reduced into H2O
Question: 711
In mammals when RBCs lost its nucleus?
Answer: 711
711-1097When a red blood cell matures. its nucleus is lost.
Question: 712
Which processes generate and break ATP?
Answer: 712
712-1097ATP is generated by energy-releasing processes and is broken down by energy consuming processes, in this way ATP transfers energy between metabolic reactions
Question: 713
Will an enzyme which act on proteins, also act on starch?
Answer: 713
713-1097No. amylase will act on starch only to break it into glucose molecules and protease Will break ' down protein only. Similarly lipases break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Question: 714
What are different phase of anaerobic respiration or fermentation ?
Answer: 714
714-10971: The first is like aerobic respiration , and two molecules of pyruvic acid are formed by one molecules of glucose
Question: 715
Write down the level of organization is sequence?
Answer: 715
715-1097- Sub atomic and Atomic level
- Molecular level
- Organ and organ system level
- tissue level
- Organisms level
- population Level
- Community Level
Question: 716
What do you mean by galvanizing ?
Answer: 716
716-1097The process of coating a thin layer of zinc on iron is called galvanizing
Question: 717
What is calcitonin?What is its function?
Answer: 717
717-1097It is the hormone secreted by thyroid gland.
Function :
It decreases the level of calcium ions in blood and promotes the absorption of calcium from blood into bones
Question: 718
What is meant by Animals Husbandry ?
Answer: 718
718-1097Animals Husbandry :It is the branch of agriculture concerned with the care and breeding of domestic animals
Examples:Cattle sheep etc.
Question: 719
What is the importance of anaerobic respiration?
Answer: 719
719-1097(i) Source of energy for anaerobic organisms
(ti) Source of energy for aerobic organisms in short supply of 0,
(iil) Source of many products (ethanol, cheese etc)
Question: 720
Define Biochemistry ?
Answer: 720
720-1097The study of chemistry of different compounds and chemical processes occurring in livings organisms is known as bio-chemistry
Question: 721
Why is it said that all life forms are dependent On photosynthesis?
Answer: 721
721-1097Photosynthesis is the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, with oxygen as a by-product. Photosynthesis is an anabolic (building) process and is an important component of bioenergetics in living systems. It is the most important biochemical pathway and nearly all life depends on it.
Question: 722
What is biosphere level ?
Answer: 722
722-1097The part of level inhabited by organisms communities is known as biosphere
Question: 723
In which portion of cell , three stages of aerobic respiration ?
Answer: 723
723-10971: Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm oxygen is not involved in this stage . That is why , it occurs in both types of respiration i-e aerobic and anaerobic
2: Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur in mitochondria where oxygen is essential
Question: 724
How many cubic millimeters of WBC5 present in blood?
Answer: 724
724-1097One cubic millimeter of blood contains 7000 to 8000 WBCs.
Question: 725
What is activation energy ?
Answer: 725
725-1097All chemical reactions requires activation energy .It is defined as minimum energy requires to start a reaction and to right direction
Question: 726
Which person art universal donors and universal recipients?
Answer: 726
726-1097O blood group individuals are called universal donors, because they can donate blood to the recipients of every other blood group. AB blood group individuals are called universal recipients because they can receive transfusion from donors of every group.
Question: 727
Define Prokaryotes .
Answer: 727
727-1097The unicellular organisms that do not have distinct nucleus are grouped as prokaryotes
Question: 728
Write down two benefits of mustard plant ?
Answer: 728
728-1097- The plant body is used as vegetable
- It seeds are used for extracting
Question: 729
Define Biometery ?
Answer: 729
729-1097It deals the study of biological processes using mathematical techniques and tools.
Question: 730
Where this lose occur?
Answer: 730
730-1097This loss may occur through stomata in leaves, through the cuticle present on leaf epidermis.
Question: 731
What are the sources of electrons in electron transport chain?
Answer: 731
731-1097NADH and FADH2 release electrons and hydrogen ions
Question: 732
What is the most common fuel to get energy ?
Answer: 732
732-1097The most common fuel used by the cell to get energy by cellular respiration is glucose
Question: 733
Write blood groups of human blood
Answer: 733
733-1097There are four different blood groups.
(i) A person antigen A on RBCs has blood group A.
(ii) A person antigen B on RBCs has blood group B.
(iii) A person antigen A,B on RBCs has blood group AB.
(iv) A person non of A,B antigen has blood group 0
Question: 734
Write down the scientific name of Crow and Frog
Answer: 734
734-1097Frog Rana tigrine
House Crow: Corus splendens
Question: 735
What is myocardial infraction ?
Answer: 735
735-1097It is more commonly known as heart attack and is a medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart is interrupted and leads the death of heart muscles
Question: 736
Write down the summary of the events of light reactions.
Answer: 736
736-1097When chlorophyll molecules absorb light. their energy level increases and their electrons are emitted.
• Electrons are passed to electron transport chain to produce ATP.
Light also breaks water molecule and oxygen is released. The hydrogen atoms of water give electrons to chlorophyll and become ions.
The electrons of chlorophyll, after the production of ATP, and the hydrogen ions of water are used for the reduction of NADI)* into NADPH.
Question: 737
What is Science ?
Answer: 737
737-1097Science is the study in which observations are made, experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principal of nature
Question: 738
In What ways the respiratory energy is used in the body of organisms?
Answer: 738
738-1097All organisms need free energy for performing different activities and running various process of metabolism. The energy released by the process of respiration is utilized by different cellular activities such as:
(i) For the synthesis of proteins.
(ii) For the process of active transport.
(iii) For maintaining the temperature of body
(iv) For mechanical work (Contraction of muscles & beating of cilia and flagella). (v) For the process of phagocytosis.
(vi) For the process of pinocytosis.
(vii) For the process of exocytosis.
Question: 739
For what purpose xylem cells are responsible?.
Answer: 739
739-1097Xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved substances from roots to aerial parts.
Question: 740
Difference between valency and free radical.
Answer: 740
740-1097Valency:
The combining capacity of an element with other elements is called valency. For example sodium valency is 1.
Question: 741
Define metabolism .
Answer: 741
741-1097The set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life is called metabolism
Question: 742
What is Z- Scheme?
Answer: 742
742-1097The whole series of light reactions is called as Z- scheme due to its Z- shaped flow chart
Question: 743
How can the deficiency of vitamin A cause blindness?
Answer: 743
743-1097When vitamin A is inadequate, the lack of rhodopsin makes it difficult to see in dim light. if it is left untreated it can cause blindness. Deficiency of vitamins A is the leading causes of blindness in children worldwide. One of the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency is "night-blindness" It is temporary condition but if left untreated it can cause permanent -blindness
Question: 744
Define platelets ?
Answer: 744
744-1097Platelets are the parts of blood . They are not cells but are fragments of large cells of bone marrow called megakaryocytes . They do not have any nucleus and any pigment
Question: 745
What are inorganic fertilizers?
Answer: 745
745-1097Naturally occurring inorganic fertilizers include rock phosphate. elemental sulphur gypsum that are not chemically modified. Most in organic fertilizer dissolve readily In immediately available to plants for uptake.
Question: 746
What is glycolysis where does this reaction occur ?
Answer: 746
746-1097Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm and oxygen is not involved in this stage . That is why , it occurs in both types of respiration i-e aerobic and anaerobic . In glycolysis , glucose (6C) molecule is broken into two molecules of Pyruvic acid (3C)
Question: 747
Define Anatomy ?
Answer: 747
747-1097The study of internal structures is called Anatomy .
Question: 748
What is the function of leukocytes ?
Answer: 748
748-10971: Their function as main agents in the body's defense system
2: They destroy small particles through phagocytosis
3: They break inflammatory substances and kill parasites
4: They prevent blood clotting
Question: 749
How does stomata open ?
Answer: 749
749-1097When guard cells (bean shaped cells ) get water and become turgid ,their shapes are like two beans and the stomata between them opens
Question: 750
What is the use of enzymes in brewing industry?
Answer: 750
750-1097Enzymes weak starch and proteins. The products are used by yeast for fermentation (to produce alcohol)
Question: 751
What is the effect of temperature on the rate of transpiration?
Answer: 751
751-1097Higher temperature reduces the humidity of surroundings air and also increases the kinetic energy of water molecules . In this way it increases the rate of transpiration . The rate of transpiration double with every rise 10 oC in temperature i-e 40-45 oC cause closure of stomata , so transpiration stops and plant does not losses the much needed water
Question: 752
Write Example of Complex communities ?
Answer: 752
752-1097Complex communities:Complex communities contain greater number and size of populations.
Example:
- Forest Community.
- Pond Community .
Question: 753
Name secretion of ovaries .
Answer: 753
753-10971: Estrogen
2: Progesterone
Question: 754
Write the name of two tissues present in stomach ?
Answer: 754
754-1097(i) Epithelial tissue
(ii) Muscular Tissue
Question: 755
Define antigen .
Answer: 755
755-1097An antigen is a molecule that can stimulate an immense response (antibody production ) located in the surface of the RBC
Question: 756
What is difference lenticel and stomata ?
Answer: 756
756-1097Lenticels are present on the bark of some plants .Stomata are present on the epidermis of the leaves
Question: 757
Write down the scientific name of crow and frog ?
Answer: 757
757-1097- Frog:Rana tigrain
- House Crow:Corvus splendens
Question: 758
What is meant by bio-element ?
Answer: 758
758-1097Outs of the 92 kind of elements that occur in nature. 16 are bio elements . these take part in making the body mass of a living organisms.out of these bio-elements.
Question: 759
Why reactivity of metals increases down the group ?
Answer: 759
759-1097Reactivity of metals increases down the group because down the group , size of atoms increases due to addition of shells . When the shells are added and the size of atoms increases the electropositive character increases due to which it becomes easier to lose its valence electron
Question: 760
What is the role of Sulphur in plant's growth?
Answer: 760
760-1097Sulphur is component of proteins, vitamins and enzymes.
Question: 761
What is stomatal transpiration?
Answer: 761
761-1097The transpiration occurs through stomata and is called stomata] transpiration.
Question: 762
What is a nucleotide?
Answer: 762
762-1097A nucleotide is a large molecule formed by joining ribose sugar -- phosphate - one nitrogenous base.
Question: 763
How can leukaemia be cured ?
Answer: 763
763-1097It can be cured by bone marrow transplant , which is in most case effective but very expensive treatment . The patients needs to change the blood regularly with the normal blood , got from donors
Question: 764
What are heterotrophic organisms?
Answer: 764
764-1097The organisms, which obtain their food from other organisms and use it for growth and energy. are called heterotrophic organisms.
Question: 765
What is the bio-molecules?
Answer: 765
765-1097Bio-molecules in living organisms combine though ionic and covalent bond formations to form stable particles known as bio-molecules
Question: 766
What is blood cross match?
Answer: 766
766-1097It is used for the confirmation of no agglutination: blood samples of donor and recipient are cross-matched.
Question: 767
What are harmful effects due to excessive nitrogen?
Answer: 767
767-1097Too much nitrogen can reduce yields, cause yellowing of the leaves and stunt growth.
Question: 768
How is energy produced by respiration ?
Answer: 768
768-1097There are two types of respiration
1: Aerobic 2: Anaerobic
Question: 769
What are enzymes ?
Answer: 769
769-1097Enzymes are proteins that catalyze |(i-e speed up ) biochemical reactions and are not changed during the reaction
Question: 770
How do enzymes lower the activation energy ?
Answer: 770
770-1097Enzymes lower the activation energy in several ways
1: They may alter the shape of substrate and reduce the requirement of energy for this change
2: Some enzymes do so by disrupting the charge distribution on substrate
3: Enzymes may also lower activation energy by bringing substrate in the correct rientation to react
Question: 771
What is fibrinogen.
Answer: 771
771-1097Fibrinogen is a blood clotting protein found in plasma.
Question: 772
Define biochemistry.
Answer: 772
772-1097It deals with the study of chemistry of different compounds and processes occurring in living organisms. For example; study of basic metabolism of photosynthesis and respiration involves the knowledge of chemistry
Question: 773
What are the functions of these processes in organisms?
Answer: 773
773-1097These processes ensure the maintenance, growth and reproduction of organisms.
Question: 774
Transpiration is a necessary evil , Give comments
Answer: 774
774-1097Transpiration is called a necessary evil it means that transpiration is a potentially harmful process but it is unavoidable too
Question: 775
What is seizure ?
Answer: 775
775-1097It is temporary abnormal state of brain marked by convulsions
Question: 776
What are Pigments?Describe their function?
Answer: 776
776-1097Pigments are the substances that absorb visible light. Different pigments absorb light, of different wavelengths (colours). Chlorophylls absorb mainly blue and red lights . Some wavelengths mot absorbed by chlorophyll 'a' are very effectively absorbed by accessory pigments and vice-versa
Question: 777
What is the advantage of galvanizing ?
Answer: 777
777-1097Advantage of galvanizing is that zinc protects the iron is exposed to the air and water , a galvanic cell is established and iron rust rapidly
Question: 778
Define physiology and anatomy.
Answer: 778
778-1097Physiology: This branch deals with the study of the functions of different parts of living organisms
Question: 779
What is the role of boron in plant's growth?
Answer: 779
779-1097Boron is important in sugar transport. cell division. and synthesizing certain enzymes
Question: 780
Where are the enzymes of glycolysis present?
Answer: 780
780-1097Enzymes of glycolysis are present in cytoplasm.
Question: 781
What is bypass surgery?
Answer: 781
781-1097The surgery in which arteries or veins from elsewhere in the patients body are grafted to the coronary arteries to improve the blood supply to heart muscles is not sufficient but shortage is not enough to cause tissue death
Question: 782
Define Biochemistry and compounds and Morphology?
Answer: 782
782-1097Biochemistry : Biochemistry deals with the study of the chemistry of different compound and chemical reactions occurring in living organisms.
Question: 783
How will you differentiate between bolus and chyme?
Answer: 783
783-1097Bolus:1:During the processes of chewing, lubrication and semi-digestion, the pieces of food are rolled up by the tongue into small, slippery, spherical mass called bolus.2:We swallow bolus and push it in oesophagus through pharynx.
Question: 784
Define Entomology ?
Answer: 784
784-1097Entomology is the study of insects ,like Cockroaches, aunts etc.
Question: 785
What is meant by bio-chemist ?
Answer: 785
785-1097The elements which take part in making body mass of living things are called bio elements . These are 16
Question: 786
What is difference between leaf epidermis of aquatic plants and terrestrial plants ?
Answer: 786
786-1097Terrestrial plants have more stomata in the lower epidermis of their leaves while aquatic plants have more stomata in the upper epidermis
Question: 787
From which two Greek words /the words biology is made ?
OR Define Biology.
Answer: 787
787-1097The word biology is derived from two Greek words i.e."bios" meaning " life " and "logs " meaning thought or reasoning"
Question: 788
Define angioplasty?
Answer: 788
788-1097The mechanical widening of a narrowed or total obstructed blood vessels is called angioplasty
Question: 789
Define Heart.
Answer: 789
789-1097The heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels by repeated contractions. It is an important organ of circulatory system.
Question: 790
Define osmosis.
Answer: 790
790-1097The movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution. through a permeable membrane (cell membrane) is called osmosis.
Question: 791
Which affects the rate of transpiration ?
Answer: 791
791-1097There are following factors affect the rate of transpiration
1: Temperature
2: Air humidity
3:Air movement
4: Leaf surface area
Question: 792
Write down the characteristic of frog?
Answer: 792
792-1097- Frog has multicellular organization of its body.
- His body is made up of organs system and each organs system and each organs system consists of related organs.
- All body organs of frog are made up of specific tissues.
Question: 793
Define microbiology ?
Answer: 793
793-1097The division of biology , which deals the study of microorganisms such as bacteria are called microbiolgy
Question: 794
Define environmental biology .
Answer: 794
794-1097The branch of biology , which deals with the study of the interaction between the organisms and their environment
Question: 795
What is bio geography ?
Answer: 795
795-1097Bio geography is the study of occurrence and distribution of different species of livings organisms in different geographical regions of the world
Question: 796
Write four names of unicellular organisms ?
Answer: 796
796-1097- Amoeba
- Paramecium
- Euglena
- Claymedomonas
Question: 797
How do you differentiate between cell level and tissues level ?
Answer: 797
797-1097Cell level
Cell or cell level organization is a unit of structure and function of living organisms
2 A cell level organization is composed of different sub cellular organelles performing specific functions
Question: 798
How white and Red Blood Cells Differs?
Answer: 798
798-1097Red blood cells are like biconcave disc with nucleus contain hemoglobin. While blood cells are Granular and a grantor contain nucleus larger in size than RBC.s
Question: 799
Name major types of animal tissues
Answer: 799
799-1097There are four major types of animal tissues
1: Epithelial tissues
2: Connective tissues
3: Nervous tissues
4: Muscular tissues
Question: 800
State physical properties of metals
Answer: 800
800-10971: Almost all metals are solids (except mercury)
2: Metals have high melting and boiling points
Question: 801
What is weight of blood in our body?
Answer: 801
801-1097The weight of blood in our body is about 1/12' of our body. The average adult body has about 5liters of blood.
Question: 802
What is meant by fossils ?
Answer: 802
802-1097Fossils are dead remains of extinct organisms and the study of fossils is called paleontology.
Question: 803
Define blood Transfusion
Answer: 803
803-1097Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood based products from one person (donor) into the circulatory system of another (recipient).
Question: 804
Define ATP and who discovered ATP?
Answer: 804
804-1097The major energy currency of all cells is a nucleotide called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann.
Question: 805
What are organic fertilizers?
Answer: 805
805-1097Organic fertilizers are derived from plant and animal materials. They are more complex sad take time to be broken down into forms usable by plants Manure and compost are used as organic fertilizers.
Question: 806
. Write difference between pericycle and endodermis
Answer: 806
806-1097Outside the conducting tissues there is a narrow layer of thin walled cells the pericycle. A single layer of cells i.e. endodermis surrounds this per cycle
Question: 807
What are different types of carbohydrates?
Answer: 807
807-1097Glucose, maltose, lactose, sources and starch
Question: 808
How blood is transfused considering Rh blood group system?
Answer: 808
808-1097h-positive blood group can be transfused to Rh- positive recipient because recipient's blood already has Rh- antigens and it will not produce anti-Rh antibody similarly Rh-negative blood group can be transfused to Rh- negative Rh-negative.
Question: 809
Define anaerobic respiration .
Answer: 809
809-1097The cellular respiration occurring in the absence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration
Question: 810
Write down two name of each plant and animal tissues ?
Answer: 810
810-1097Ground and vascular tissuesare the plant tissues
Nervous and Muscular tissuesare the animals tissues
Question: 811
Which sphincters play role in the movement of food in and out of stomach?
Answer: 811
811-1097sphincters: Sphincters are the openings which are guarded by muscles. Stomach has two sphincters Cardiac sphincter:
Cardiac sphincter is between stomach and oesophagus.Pyloric sphincter Pyloric sphincter is between stomach and small intestine. Bolus enters stomach front oesophagus S. through cardiac sphincter.
Question: 812
Describe major contributions of Jabir Bin Hayan
Answer: 812
812-1097Jabir Bin Hayan introduced experimental investigation in chemistry and also wrote a number of books on plants and animals . His famous books are Al-Nabatat and Al-Haywan
Question: 813
what is meant by pharamacology ?
Answer: 813
813-1097Pharamacology is the stud of drugs and their efffects on the system of the human body
Question: 814
Differentiate between anabolism and catabolism
Answer: 814
814-1097Anabolism : Anabolism includes the biochemical reactions in which larger molecules are synthesized . Energy is utilized in anabolism
Example : Photosynthesis
Question: 815
Who proposed ATP as main energy transfer molecule in the cell?
Answer: 815
815-1097The Nobel prize winner, Fritz Lipmann in 1941 proposed ATP as main energy transfer molecule.
Question: 816
Why full grain bread is better than wheat bread ?
Answer: 816
816-1097Because grain bread or wheat bread is the part of the dietary fiber
Question: 817
Why do carnivorous plants eat small animals?
Answer: 817
817-1097The plants, which grown in nitrogen deficiency soil eat small animals, they digested products of animals which are a good supply of nitrogen.
Question: 818
What is the role of potassium in plans life?
Answer: 818
818-1097Potassium regulates the opening and closing of stoma and reduces water loss from leaves
Question: 819
Who discovered Krebs cycle?
Answer: 819
819-1097A British biochemist. Sir Hans Krebs discovered this Krebs cycle.
Question: 820
What is the difference between corrosion and rusting ?
Answer: 820
820-1097Corrosion : It is the general term used for all the metals
Corrosion of some metals may be stopped
It is redox reaction
Question: 821
Define alcoholic fermentation .
Answer: 821
821-1097The type of anaerobic respiration in which pyruvic acid is further broken break down into alcohol (C2H5OH) and CO2 is called alcoholic respiration . It occurs in bacteria and yeasts .
Pyruvic acid➜Ethyl alcohol + carbondioxide
Question: 822
Different between population and community ?
Answer: 822
822-1097Population:is define as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place
Question: 823
Define aerobic respiration
Answer: 823
823-1097The cellular respiration occurring in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration
Question: 824
Name of the important proteins present in ploasma.
Answer: 824
824-1097The important proteins present in p antibodies, fibrinogen, albumin.
Question: 825
What is the role of manganese in plant's growth?
Answer: 825
825-1097Manganese is involved in enzyme activity for photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen metabolism.
Question: 826
Define atomic mass unit
Answer: 826
826-1097Atomic Mass Unit:
The unit used for relative atomic masses is called atomic mass unit. It is represented by a.m.u
1 amu - 1. 66 x 10-24g
Question: 827
What is meant by divisions of labour in a cell?
Answer: 827
827-1097Each organelle in a cell has been assigned a specific function which it has to perform , so all activities of a cell are divided among many organelles, this is called division of labour
Question: 828
What are two major veins ?
Answer: 828
828-1097Two major veins are superior vena cave and inferior vena cava
Question: 829
What is the scientific name of mustard plant and frog ?
Answer: 829
829-1097Scientific name of mustard plant is Brassica campestris and of frog is Rana tigrina
Question: 830
What is NAD+?
Answer: 830
830-1097A NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine, dinucleotide) is a coenzyme that takes electrons and hydrogen ions and is thus reduced to NADH. One form of this coenzyme also carries phosphate with it, so is called NADP+.
Question: 831
Define biomathematics/biometry.
Answer: 831
831-1097It deals with the study of biological processes using mathematical techniques and tools. For example to analyze the data gathered after experimental work, biologists have to apply the rules of mathematics.
Question: 832
What is Krebs Cycle?
Answer: 832
832-1097In Krebs cycle. the pyruvic -acid molecules are completely oxidized, along with the formation of ATP. NADH. and FADH2. Before entering in Krebs cycle. pyruvic acid changed into a 2-carbon compound called acetyl-CoA
Question: 833
What is the average life of R.B.C?
Answer: 833
833-1097The average life of R.B.C.s is that 2-10 million red blood cells are formed and destroyed every second.
Question: 834
What is transport?
Answer: 834
834-1097Transport means movement of material from one region to the other in the organisms
Question: 835
Define science ?
Answer: 835
835-1097Science is the study in which observations are made , experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principles of nature
Question: 836
Why it is incorrect to say that the energy releasing step of respiration is electron transport chain?
Answer: 836
836-1097Energy is released in glycolysis and Krebs cycle in the form of NADH and FADH2. Electron transport chain transforms the energy present in these compounds to ATP.
Question: 837
Define cell Biology ?
Answer: 837
837-1097The microscopic study of tissues is called histology
Question: 838
Difference between homoatomic and heteroatoic molecules with examples.
Answer: 838
838-1097Homo Atomic Molecule:
A molecule containing same type of atoms is called homoatomic molecule, eg
Hydrogen (H2), Ozone (O3) etc
Question: 839
Define digestion .
Answer: 839
839-1097The process of breaking up complex substances into simple substances is called digestion
Question: 840
List sixteen bio elements .
Answer: 840
840-1097Only six (O,C,N,H,Ca & P) make 99% of the total mass other ten (Cu ,Mg ,Na, Cl, Mn , Zn, K ,S,I & Fe ) collectively make 01% of the total mass
Question: 841
Which respiratory gasses is present in plasma ?
Answer: 841
841-1097It contains respiration gases like CO, and 02
Question: 842
Define nutrition.
Answer: 842
842-1097The process in which food is obtained or prepared, absorbed and convened into body substances for growth and energy, is called nutrition.
Question: 843
Define Neutral equilibrium?
Answer: 843
843-1097If a body remains in its new position when disturbed from its previous position, it is said to be in a state of neutral equilibrium.
Question: 844
What are vascular plants ?
Answer: 844
844-1097The plants which have vascular tissues i-e xylem and phloem are called vascular plants . Xylem tissues carry water and salts from soil to mesophyll cells of leaves . Phloem tissues transport prepared food from leaves to other parts of plants
Question: 845
Name the major biological issues of modern age
Answer: 845
845-1097Human population growth , infectious disease , addictive drugs and pollution are the major biological issues today
Question: 846
Write two uses of surgery ?
Answer: 846
846-1097(i) In surgery , the parts of the body may be repaired
(ii) In surgery , the parts of the body may be replaced
(iii) In surgery , the parts of the body may be removed
Question: 847
Which are different groups of vitamins ?
Answer: 847
847-1097Vitamins may be divided into two groups
1: The fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A,D,E,and K
Question: 848
Name vegetative and reproductive parts of mustard plants ?
Answer: 848
848-1097Reproductive parts:Flowers
Question: 849
Write role and names of two scientists who work on Blood Circulatory system
Answer: 849
849-1097Two important scientists Ibn-e-Nafees and William scientist who described the pathway of blood
Question: 850
What are proteins?
Answer: 850
850-1097Proteins are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Proteins are composed of amino acids. These amino acids are used to produce new body protein and to replace damaged proteins
Question: 851
What is the role of magnesium in plants?
Answer: 851
851-1097Magnesium is a structural component of chlorophyll. It is also necessary for the functioning plant enzymes to produce carbohydrates, fats and sugars. It is used for fruit and nut formation and essential for germination of seeds.
Question: 852
Define organ .
Answer: 852
852-1097In higher multicellular organisms , more than one types of tissues having related functions are organized together to make a unit , called organ
Question: 853
What is difference between cohesion and adhesion .
Answer: 853
853-1097Cohesion : Water molecules cohere to each other
Question: 854
Differentiate between Eoslnophils and Basophlls.
Answer: 854
854-1097Eosinophlls :
These can break Inflammatory substances and kill parasites.
Question: 855
Define population .
Answer: 855
855-1097A population is defined as a group of organism of the same species located at the same place , in the same time
Question: 856
Which food are sources of carbohydrates?
Answer: 856
856-1097Bread, pastas, beans, potatoes, bran, rice and cereals are sources of carbohydrates.
Question: 857
State the best method for protection of metal from corrosion .
Answer: 857
857-1097The best method for protection against the corrosion of metals exposed to acidic conditions is coating the metal with other metal . Corrosion resistant metals like Zn , Sn and Cr are coated on the surface of iron to protect it from corrosion
Question: 858
Define Genetic and embryology ?
Answer: 858
858-1097Genetic:The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called Genetic
Question: 859
What are the contributions of Bu Ali Sim ?
Answer: 859
859-1097He is honoured as the founder of medicine and called as Avicenna in the west. He was a physician, philosopher, astronomer and poet. One of his books "Al-anon fi Tib" is known as the canon of medicine in West
Question: 860
Where are fermenting abilities of micro -organisms being used by scientists ?
Answer: 860
860-1097Scientists have used the fermenting abilities of fungi and bacteria for the benefit of mankind . For example , the fermenting powers of bacteria are used for making cheese and yogurt . Fermentation in yeast is used in brewing and baking industries . Similarly soya sauce is made through the fermentation by a fungus Aspergillus
Question: 861
What will happen if the blood is transfused between the person having different blood groups?
Answer: 861
861-1097If the blood is transfused between person having different blood groups, it will result in agglutination (clumping cells) which will result in recipient's blood.
Question: 862
What is the concentrated and dilute solution?
Answer: 862
862-1097The solution, which has more salts is called concentrated solution and the solution which has less salts is called dilute solution.
Question: 863
Stomach is an organ of the digestive system, but it also secretes a hormone. "hut hormone ‘‘,It, 'and what function it performs?
Answer: 863
863-1097Some quantity of gastric juice is always present in stomach. In this case, already present gastric juice begins the digestion of huge proteins into peptides. These peptides stimulate some cells of stomach walls to release a hormone called gastrin. This hormone enters blood and is distributed to all parts of body. In stomach, it has specific effect and stimulates the gastric glands to secrete more gastric juice.
Question: 864
What is the role of molybdenum in plant's growth?
Answer: 864
864-1097Molybdenum is component of the enzyme that reduces nitrates to ammonia_ and makes mans amino acids.
Question: 865
Differentiate between macronutrients and micronutrients?
Answer: 865
865-1097The nutrients which are require in large 1 The nutrients which are required in small quantities are called macronutrients. e.g. quantities are called micronutrients e.g. iron, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, magnesium, molybdenum, boron, chlorine, zinc etc. potassium.
Question: 866
Difference between cell biology and histology .
Answer: 866
866-1097Cell biology : The study of the structure and functions of cell and cell organelles is called cell biology . This branch also with the study of cell division
Question: 867
What are different groups of living organisms ?
Answer: 867
867-1097There are five groups of living organisms
1: Prokaryotes
2: Protist
3: Fungi
4: Plants
5: Animals
Question: 868
Define electroplating
Answer: 868
868-1097Electroplating is depositing off one metal over the other by means of electrolysis
Question: 869
What are harmful effects of deficiency of calcium ?
Answer: 869
869-1097Deficiency of calcium causes spontaneous discharge of nerve impulses , which may result in tetany . Bones also becomes soft , blood clots slowly , and wounds heal slowly
Question: 870
Write the chemical equation aerobic
Answer: 870
870-1097The chemical equation aerobic respiration
C6H12+602➜6CO2 + 6H20 Energy
Question: 871
What is the main use of enzymes in paper industry ?
Answer: 871
871-1097Enzyme break starch to lower its viscosity that aids in making paper
Question: 872
Write the effect of dengue fever on platelets
Answer: 872
872-1097Platelets are destroyed . Their number reduces patient bleeds from the nose , gums and under the skin
Question: 873
What are major biology issues nowadays ?
Answer: 873
873-1097Human population growth infection diseases addictive drugs and pollution are the major biological issues nowadays
Question: 874
What is parasite?
Answer: 874
874-1097The organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm them are called parasites. Example: Tapeworm
Question: 875
Write two advantages of Brassica plant/ mustard plant
Answer: 875
875-1097Advantages :
1 The plant body of brassica is used as vegetable
2: It seeds are used for extracting oil
Question: 876
How are minerals important for humans ?
Answer: 876
876-1097Minerals play an important roles in various body functions and necessary to maintain health
Question: 877
Which membrane is present both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Answer: 877
877-1097Cell membrane (outer covering of cell )
Question: 878
What are fertilizers?
Answer: 878
878-1097Certain materials. the addition of which to soil sometimes resulted in plants which desirable characteristics (e.g more fruit, faster growth, more attractive flowers) are named as fertilize, Fertilizers are broadly classification as organic and inorganic
Question: 879
Define absorption
Answer: 879
879-1097The process of diffusion of digested food into blood and lymph is called absorption.
Question: 880
Define molecular biology ?
Answer: 880
880-1097This branch deals with the study of molecules of life e.g water, proteins ,carbohydrates ,lipids ,and nuclei acids
Question: 881
What are the sources of elements to plants?
Answer: 881
881-1097Plants absorb carbon and oxygen from air. while other elements are absorbed from soil.
Question: 882
Define Community ?
Answer: 882
882-1097A Community is an assemble of different populations, interacting with one another within the same environment
Question: 883
What are amino acids?
Answer: 883
883-1097Acids are building blocks of proteins. These are of 20 different types.
Question: 884
Name different parts of mustard plant ?
Answer: 884
884-1097Mustard plant has two parts :
1: Vegetative parts (root, stem, leaves, branches )
2: Reproductive parts (flowers which produce fruits and seeds)
Question: 885
Explain the role of O2 in rusting ?
Answer: 885
885-1097Oxygen plays important role in rusting . Electrons reduce the oxygen molecules in the presence oh H+ ions
Question: 886
What is Rh blood group system?
Answer: 886
886-1097It is discovered by Karl Landsteiner in this system, there are two blood group i.e Rh-positive and Rh- negative. These blood groups are distinct from each other on the basis of antigens called Rh-factors.
Question: 887
How is carbon dioxide taken in by plants?
Answer: 887
887-1097The air that enters leaf through tiny pores (stomata) reaches into the air spaces present around mesophyll cells. This air carries CO2, which gets absorbed in the thin layer of water surrounding mesophyll cells. From here, the carbon dioxide diffuses into mesophyll cells.
Question: 888
Define community .
Answer: 888
888-1097A community is the assembling of different populations , interacting with one another with in the same environment
Question: 889
What are the advantages of organic fertilizers?
Answer: 889
889-1097Organic fertilizers like manure and compost can increase soil drainage, aeration, and the ability of the soil to hold nutrients
Question: 890
Name different levels of biological organization
Answer: 890
890-1097Biologists study biological organization at differ evels, which are as follows. (i) Subatomic and Atomic level (ii) Molecular level (iii) Organelle and cell level (iv) Tissue level (v) Organ and organ system level (vi) Individual level (vii) Population level (viii) Community level (ix) Biosphere level
Question: 891
Which material is used to make cathode in electroplating ?
Answer: 891
891-1097The cathode is made of the object that is to be electroplated e.g sheet of iron
Question: 892
Define biology ?
Answer: 892
892-1097Biology is the study scientific study of life . The word biology has been driven two Greek words , bios meaning life , logos meaning thought or reasoning
Question: 893
What is the role of molybdenum in plant's growth?
Answer: 893
893-1097Molybdenum is component of the enzyme that reduces nitrates to ammonia, and makes many amino acids.
Question: 894
When is blood transferred ?
Answer: 894
894-1097Blood transfusion can be life saving in some situations , such as massive loss of blood due to injury or can be used to replace blood lost during surgery . People suffering from anemia ,haemophilia , thalassaemia or sickle - cell disease require frequent blood transfusion
Question: 895
Difference between morphology and physiology .
Answer: 895
895-1097Morphology : The branch of biology , which deals with the study of the structures and forms of living organisms is called morphology
Example : Study structure of eye etc.
Question: 896
Why is oxygen necessary for plants?
Answer: 896
896-1097Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration. Ans: Minerals are inorganic elements that originate in the earth and cannot be made in body.
Question: 897
Define observation
Answer: 897
897-1097Opinion which is made with the help of five senses of vision ,hearing ,smell, taste , and touch is called observation
Question: 898
Quantitative observations are better in biological method . How ?
Answer: 898
898-1097Quantitative observations are considered more accurate than qualitative ones because the quantitative observations are invariable and measurable and can be recorded in terms of number
Question: 899
Define paleontology ?
Answer: 899
899-1097The study of fossils is called paleontology
Question: 900
Define biophysics.
Answer: 900
900-1097It deals with the study of the principles of physics, which are applicable to biological phenomena. For example there is a simil ity between the working principles of lever in physics and limbs of animal in biology
Question: 901
Define bioeconomics.
Answer: 901
901-1097It deals with the study organism from economical point of view. For example the cost value and profit value of the yield of wheat can be calculated through bioeconomics and or losses can be determined, and benefits and losses can be determined
Question: 902
What role is played by iron in humans ?
Answer: 902
902-1097Iron plays a major role in oxygen transport and storage . It is a component of hemoglobin in red blood cells and myoglobin in muscles cells . Cellular energy production also requires iron . It acts as enzymes cofactor . Iron also support immune function
Question: 903
What are the effects of magnesium deficiency in plants?.
Answer: 903
903-1097Deficiency of magnesium causes yellowing and wilting of leaves.
Question: 904
Who gave the concept of metabolism first of all ?
Answer: 904
904-1097The concept of metabolism was first of all given by Ibn-e-nafees who stated that the body and its parts are always undergoing change
Question: 905
What are different kind of observations ?
Answer: 905
905-1097Observation may be qualitative and quantitative
Question: 906
What do you mean by vascular surgery ?
Answer: 906
906-1097Vascular surgery is a field in surgery in which disease of arteries and veins (like thrombosis ) are managed by surgical methods . A vascular surgeon treats the disease of all parts of blood circulatory system except that of heart and brain
Question: 907
What is pericardium?
Answer: 907
907-1097Heart is enclosed in a sac known as pericardium. There is a fluid known as pericardial fluid between pericardium and heart walls. It reduces friction between pericardium and heart. during heart contraction.
Question: 908
Where does Frog live and what is its scientific name ?
Answer: 908
908-1097Frog lives in the both water and terrestrial medium . It belongs to class Amphibians , its scientific name is Rana tigrina
Question: 909
If we supply inorganic and organic fertilizers to a plant, which one would be first available to the plant for uptake?
Answer: 909
909-1097Inorganic fertilizer
Question: 910
Differentiate between unicellular and multicellular
Answer: 910
910-1097Unicellular : An organism which is made up of one cell is called unicellular organism
e.g paramecium , amoeba
Question: 911
How many elements are found in nature ?
Answer: 911
911-1097There are 92 different types of elements are found in nature
Question: 912
Define population ?
Answer: 912
912-1097A population is define as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place, in the same time
Example: Human population in Pakistan in 2010 comprises of 173.5 million individual
Question: 913
Define Biophysics ?
Answer: 913
913-1097It deal with the study of principles of physics which are applicable to biological phenomena .
Question: 914
Why is the calcium and hydrogen important for plant?
Answer: 914
914-1097Hydrogen is necessary for building biomolecules. Calcium activates
enzymes, structural component of cell wall and influences water movements in cells.
Question: 915
Define molecules
Answer: 915
915-1097Atoms of different elements combine with each other through ionic and covalent bonding to make a stable particle which is called molecule
Question: 916
What is scientific method ?
Answer: 916
916-1097The scientific method in which biological problems are solved , it termed as biological method
Example : study of malaria
Question: 917
What is the function of cuticle ?
Answer: 917
917-1097The cuticle is a waxy layer on leaves ,which is made up of cutin and it lessens the evaporation of water from surface of leaves
Question: 918
How does nutrition occur in humans ?
Answer: 918
918-1097Nutrition in humans comprises of five phases name ingestion , digestion , absorption , assimilation and defecation
Question: 919
Name some plant tissues?
Answer: 919
919-10971: Epidermal tissues
2: Ground tissues
Question: 920
Differentiate between assimilation and defecation
Answer: 920
920-1097Assimilation :
The process of conversion or incorporation of absorbed simple food into the complex substances constituting the body is called assimilation.
Question: 921
Define organ system
Answer: 921
921-1097Different organs performing related functions are organized together in the form of an organ system . In organ system each organ performs a specific function
Question: 922
Explain with an example that biologists cannot usually check every situation where a hypothesis might apply .
Answer: 922
922-1097Biologists cannot usually check every situation where a hypothesis might apply . Let's consider a hypothesis . All plant cells have a nucleus . Biologists cannot examine every living plant and every plant that has ever lived to see if this hypothesis is false , Instead biologists generate deduction using reasoning . From the above hypothesis , a biologists can make the following deduction . If I examine cells from a blade of grass ,then each one will have a nucleus .
Question: 923
Define variable
Answer: 923
923-1097Variable is a factor being tested in and experiment is usually compared to a control group
Question: 924
Define experimental group
Answer: 924
924-1097A set up of experiment in which no variable one variable being tested is kept missing is called experimental group
Question: 925
What is meant by incubation period?
Answer: 925
925-1097The period between the entry of parasite in host and appearance of symptoms is called incubation period
Question: 926
What are biocatalyst ?
Answer: 926
926-1097Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they act as a biocatlyst , which speed up and regular metabolic pathways
Question: 927
What are carbohydrates?
Answer: 927
927-1097Carbohydrates are organic compounds, which are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates are the basic sources of energy for all animals.
Question: 928
What is meant by unicellular organization ?
Answer: 928
928-1097In unicellular organization an organism is consists of only one cell like paramecium.
Question: 929
Define pulse .
Answer: 929
929-1097Pulse is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as the blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of heart
Question: 930
What are lipids?
Answer: 930
930-1097The lipids present in food are composed of fatty acids bonded to glycerol. saturated or unsaturated. The fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated
Question: 931
How are basis of interdisciplinary science formed?
Answer: 931
931-1097Each branch of science has relationship with all other branches. For example, when studying movements in animals, the biologists have to refer to laws of motion in physics. This formed the basis of interdisciplinary science
Question: 932
Describe the structure of veins.
Answer: 932
932-1097: The walls of veins are composed of the three layers. The tunica externa composed of connective tissue, tunica media made up of muscles and elastic tissue. tunica intimae made up of endothelia cells.
Question: 933
What is medicine and surgery ?
Answer: 933
933-1097The profession of medicine deal with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human In surgery the body parts may be repaired, replaced or removed.
Question: 934
What was the only effective remedy of malaria from the 17th century to the 20th century ?
Answer: 934
934-1097Quinine
Question: 935
What was the name of medicine for malaria curing ?
Answer: 935
935-1097Quina-quina is the name of tree , which was exported from America to Europe to cure fevers . Quina-quina first medicine used for curing
Question: 936
What is meaning of malaria ?
Answer: 936
936-1097The Italian words 'mala' means bad and 'aria' means air
Question: 937
How was plasmodium discovered ?
Answer: 937
937-1097In 1878 a French army physician Laveran took small amount of blood from a malarial patient and after examining under microscope , noticed some tiny creatures , which after five years was given a name plasmodium
Question: 938
What are the risk factors of cardiovascular disorders ?
Answer: 938
938-1097The risk factors that lead to cardiovascular problem include advanced age , diabetes ,high blood concentration of low -density lipids (cholestrol) and trigylycerides , tobacco smoking, high blood pressure (hypertension ) ,obesity and sedentary lifestyles
Question: 939
How would you differentiate between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis ?
Answer: 939
939-1097Atherosclerosis: atherosclerosis is commonly referred to as it is a chronic disease in which accumulation of fatty materials , cholesterol or fibrin in arteries . When this condition is severe , arteries , can no longer expand and contract properly and blood moves through them with very difficult
Question: 940
Which food are sources of proteins ?
Answer: 940
940-1097Dietary sources of proteins are meat, eggs , grains , legumes and dairy products such as milk and cheese
Question: 941
Write the importance of water for plants .
Answer: 941
941-1097Water is vital to plants life. It is necessary not just for photosynthesis and turgor but much of the cellular activities occur in the presence of water molecules and the internal temperature of the plants also regulated by water .
Question: 942
What is an atom and sub-atomic particles?
Answer: 942
942-1097Smallest particle of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction is called an atom. Sub-1 atomic particles are by which atoms are made e.g. electron, proton & neutron.
Question: 943
what are different types of fermentation or anaerobic respiration ?
Answer: 943
943-1097There are two types of fermentation
1: Alcoholic fermentation 2: Lactic acid fermentation
Question: 944
What is the importance of proteins ?
Answer: 944
944-1097Proteins are essential components of the cytoplasm , membranes and organelles . They are also major components of muscles , ligaments ,tendons and many of them play role as enzymes . Proteins can also be used for gaining energy
Question: 945
Define cell.
Answer: 945
945-1097Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living things . It is made by many organelles
Question: 946
While testing the hypothesis that 'plasmodium' is the cause of malaria what would be the control group of experiment ? Blood of malaria patient or bloods of healthy persons .
Answer: 946
946-1097Blood of healthy persons
Question: 947
What are the different categories of minerals ? Define them .
Answer: 947
947-1097Minerals are divides into two categories
1: Major minerals 2: Trace minerals
Question: 948
What is species ?
Answer: 948
948-1097A species is a group of organisms which can interbreed freely among them and can offsring but are reproductively isolated from all other such groups in nature
Question: 949
Define tissues.
Answer: 949
949-1097We can define a tissues as a group of similar cells specialized for the performance of a common function.
Question: 950
Why organ system in animals is more complex than plants ?
Answer: 950
950-1097The organ system level is less complex in plants (e.g root system ) as compared to animals . This is due ta a greater range of functions and activities in animals than in plants
Question: 951
Define bioinformatics ?
Answer: 951
951-1097Bioinformatics refers to the computational and statistical techniques for the analysis of biological data
Question: 952
What was the contribution of Ronald Ross to test deduction by A.F.A King ?
Answer: 952
952-1097Ronald Ross , a British army physician working in India in 1880's allowed female Anopeles mosquito to bite a malarial patient , he killed the mosquito some days later and found plasmodium multiplying in mosquitos stomach
Question: 953
What are uses of lipids?
Answer: 953
953-1097Lipids are used to form membranes, the sheaths surrounding neurons and certain hormones. Lipids are also extremely useful source of energy
Question: 954
Name the major components of human's food?
Answer: 954
954-1097The nutrients used by humans include carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, proteins, minerals and vitamins. Beside these nutrients, they also required water.
Question: 955
How is water and salt reached to mesophyll cells in vascular plants ?
Answer: 955
955-1097In non-vascular plants xylem tissues carry water and salts to mesophyll cells
Question: 956
What is the contribution of A.F.A ,king , to solve biological problem of malaria?
Answer: 956
956-1097In 1883, a physician ,A.F.A ,king , made 20 observations , then suggested hypothesis that the 'Mosquitos transmits plasmodium and are involved in spread of malaria
Question: 957
How is water and salt reached to mesophyll cells in non-vascular plants ?
Answer: 957
957-1097In non-vascular plants water and salts reach the mesophyll cells of leaves by the phenomena of diffusion , osmosis etc.
Question: 958
What is the importance of calcium in humans ?
Answer: 958
958-1097Calcium is essential for the development and maintenance of bones and teeth . It is also needed for maintaining cell membrane and connective tissues and for the activation of several enzymes . Calcium also adds in blood clotting
Question: 959
Why do only females of anopheles and culex involve in spread of malaria ?
Answer: 959
959-1097Female mosquito need the blood of mammals or birds for the maturation of their eggs
Question: 960
How much energy is obtained by one gam of protein ?
Answer: 960
960-1097One gram of protein contains 04 kilocalories of energy
Question: 961
Write the name of vegetable organs of plants ?
Answer: 961
961-1097Roots steams branches and leaves are the vegetative organs plants, which do not take part in the sexual reproduction of the plants
Question: 962
What happens to electrons when they pass through electron transport Chain?
Answer: 962
962-1097When the electrons move through the series of electron carriers they lose energy, which is used to synthesize ATP At the end electrons and hydrogen ions combine with molecular 02 to form water.
Question: 963
Think of a body which is at rest, but not in equilibrium?
Answer: 963
963-1097A ball thrown upward becomes at rest at the top. At this state it is not in equilibrium, although it is at rest.
Question: 964
What are the aims of classification?
Answer: 964
964-1097To determine similarities and differences among organisms so that they can be studied easily.
(ii) To find evolutionary relationship among organisms.
Question: 965
Explain colonial type of cellular organization .
Answer: 965
965-1097In colonial type of cellular organization , many unicellular organisms live together but also do not have any division of labour among them . Each unicellular organisms is a colony lives in its own life and does not depend on their cells for its vital requirements
Question: 966
Which systems are present in Human for transport of materials?
Answer: 966
966-1097: Like other higher animals, the task of the transport of different material in human body is performed by two systems. i.e. blood circulatory system and lymphatic system. The two systems are well coordinated and associated with each other.
Question: 967
What are the main stages of the aerobic respiration?
Answer: 967
967-10971: Glycolysis
2: Krebs cycle
3: Electron transport chain
Question: 968
What is volvox ?
Answer: 968
968-1097Volvox is a green algae found in water that shows colonial organization . Hundreds of volvox cells make a colony
Question: 969
What are vitamins ?
Answer: 969
969-1097Vitamins are chemical compounds that are required in low amounts but are essential for normal growth and metabolism
Question: 970
What is meant by Vegetative ?
Answer: 970
970-1097All organs in livings organisms which do not take part in sexual reproduction are called Vegetative
Examples:Roots Steams Branches
Question: 971
In which major biological problems the knowledge of mathematics is used ?
Answer: 971
971-1097The biological problems in which the knowledge of mathematics is used include :
1: Gene finding
2: Protein structure
3: Protein-protein interaction
Question: 972
How are humidity affect of temperature on the rate of transpiration ?
Answer: 972
972-1097Air humidity : When air is dry , water vapour diffuse more quickly from the surface of mesophyll cells into leaf air spaces and then from air spaces to outside . This increase the rate of transpiration . In humid air , the rate of the diffusion of water vapours is reduced and the rate of transpiration is low
Question: 973
Give names and examples of complex and simple communities
Answer: 973
973-1097Complex communities : A forest community , a pond community
Question: 974
What is the contribution of Andrea Caesalpino in classification of plants?
Answer: 974
974-1097Andrea Caesalpino (1519-1603) was an Italian botanist who proposed the first methodical arrangement of plants. He divided plants into fifteen groups called "genera.
Question: 975
Differentiate between Arteries and Veins
Answer: 975
975-1097Arteries:
These are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. The lumen of arteries is narrower than veins.
Question: 976
Which food are sources of iron ?
Answer: 976
976-1097Human get iron from red meat , egg yolk, whole, wheat fist , spinach and mustard etc
Question: 977
Why is data analysis necessary ?
Answer: 977
977-1097Data analysis is necessary to prove or disprove a hypothesis by experimentation
Question: 978
Define lactic acid fermentation
Answer: 978
978-1097The type of anaerobic respiration in which , each pyruvic acid molecule is broken down into lactic acid (C6H6O3) is called lactic acid fermentation . It occurs in skeletal muscles of humans ,and animals when oxygen supply is not sufficient
Question: 979
Why do plants require mineral elements?
Answer: 979
979-1097Plants require minerals for various activities and structures.
Question: 980
What is the importance of biodiversity?
Answer: 980
980-1097It provides food for humans:
(ii) It provide drugs.
iii) A wide range of industrial materials like gums. resins, building materials etc. (is It maintains composition of atmosphere. water. Nutrients at equilibrium.
Question: 981
What are different formula to organize data?
Answer: 981
981-1097Data is organized in different formats like graphics , tables , flower charts , maps and diagrams
Question: 982
What are the health risks if we take more saturated fatty acids in our diet?
Answer: 982
982-1097Saturated fatty acids can increase a person's cholesterol level. An increased cholesterol level may eventually result in the clogging of arteries and, ultimately, heart disease.
Question: 983
Name famous books of Jabar Bin Hayan and Abdul Malik Asmai
Answer: 983
983-1097Al-Nabatat , Al-Haywan , Al-Abil(Camel) , Al-Khalil (Horse) Al-Wahoosh (Animal) and Khalq al- Ansan
Question: 984
Why blood is pulmonary circulation is low pressure than that of in systematic circulation ?
Answer: 984
984-1097Because it gives sufficient time to blood for gaseous exchange in lungs
Question: 985
What is basic of five kingdom Classification system?
Answer: 985
985-1097Basis of Classification:
1: The levels of cellular organization i.e prokaryotic. unicellular eukaryotic and multicellular eukaryotic
2: The principal modes of nutrition i.e photosynthesis, absorption. and ingestion.
3:On this basis, organisms are classified into five kingdoms: monera, protista. fungi plantae and animalia
Question: 986
It is difficult to use the criterion of interbreeding to define species of unicellular organisms. Why?
Answer: 986
986-1097The criteria of interbreeding cannot be used for species recognition in organisms who reproduce asexually and do not interbreed with one another.
Question: 987
Name three types of cellular organization ?
Answer: 987
987-1097These are
1: Unicellular organization
2: Colonial organization
3: Multicellular organization
Question: 988
Name the metal which is used for galvanizing iron
Answer: 988
988-1097Zinc metal is used for galvanizing iron
Question: 989
What is the difference between zoology and botany ?
Answer: 989
989-1097Zoology : This division of biology with the study of animals
Example : The study of frog , human
Question: 990
Why is anode made up of a metal to be deposited during electrolysis ?
Answer: 990
990-1097When the current is passed , the metal from anode dissolves in the solution and metallic ions migrate to the cathode and discharge or deposit in the cathode (object) As a result of this discharge , a thin layer of metal deposits on the object
Question: 991
Who proposed the earliest known classification?
Answer: 991
991-1097he earliest known system of classification of organisms comes from the Greek philosopher Aristotle, who classified all living organisms known at that time as either in the group 'plants' or in 'animals.'
Question: 992
What is the net yield of ATPs in aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Answer: 992
992-1097The net yield of ATP in aerobic respiration is = 36 ---during anaerobic oxidation of glucose molecule only 2ATP molecule are gained as the net profit because there is no kreb-cycle and electron transport chain in anaerobic, respiration
Question: 993
Describe any two applications of Horticulture in daily life
Answer: 993
993-10971: Betterment of existing varieties of plants
2: Production of new varieties of ornamental plants and fruits
Question: 994
Which disease are caused by deficiency of iron ?
Answer: 994
994-1097Iron deficiency cause anaemia
Question: 995
What is the difference between the modes of nutrition of fungi and animals?
Answer: 995
995-1097Modes of nutrition of fungi :
Fungi are heterotroph absorptive in their Animals live mostly by ingesting food and nutritional mode.
Question: 996
Write names of three main divisions of biology
Answer: 996
996-1097The name of three main divisions of biology is given below:
1: Zoology 2: Botany 3: Microbiology
Question: 997
What is the function of lipids in body and what are their sources ?
Answer: 997
997-1097Lipids play many roles in bodies . They are used to form membranes , the sheaths surrounding neurons , and certain hormone lipids are also extremely useful energy
Question: 998
Explain status of virus.
Answer: 998
998-1097The viruses are considered on the border line of living and non-living organisms. They ha. - genetic material and can reproduce like living organism. And they form crystals which characteristic of non-living organisms. So they are not kept in any kingdom.
Question: 999
What is the role of nitrogen in plants?
Answer: 999
999-1097Plant get nitrogen in the form of nitrates. Nitrogen is a major component of proteins, hormones, chlorophyll, vitamins and enzymes essential for plant life. Nitrogen metabolism is a major factor , in stem and leaf growth
Question: 1000
Differentiate between morphology and anatomy .
Answer: 1000
1000-1097Morphology : The branch of biology , which deals with the study of the structure and forms of living organism is called morphology
Question: 1001
What is the biosphere level ?
Answer: 1001
1001-1097The part of the earth inherited by organisms communities is known as biosphere. It constitutes all ecosystem (areas where living organisms interact with the non-living components of the environment ) and is also called the zone of life on earth
Question: 1002
Why we formulate binomial nomenclature?
Answer: 1002
1002-1097We formulate binomial nomenclature because common names cause many problems. Dixie regions have different names for the same organism . For e.g. common name of onion in urdu is piyaz, but in different regions of Pakistan it is also known as "panda" or "basal- or "vassal.. other countries it has other sets of names. In science it is known as with single name as Ala cepa.
Question: 1003
Write the characteristics of kingdom Monera?
Answer: 1003
1003-1097It includes the prokaryotic organism in which genetic material is not enclosed in nuclear envelope. These are unicellular, some types form chains, clusters or colonies.
Question: 1004
What is the effect of deficiency of nutrients?
Answer: 1004
1004-1097If any one of nutrients is not available to plant. they show abnormalities and do not grow normally.
Question: 1005
Which steps are taken by biologists to solve a biological problem ?
Answer: 1005
1005-1097Following steps are taken by biologists to solve a biological problem
Question: 1006
Man has always been a biologists .Explain
Answer: 1006
1006-1097Man has always a biologists . He had to be a biologists in order to live . Early in history, he was a hunter of animals and gather fruits ,seeds,roots etc . The more he knew about plants ,the better he distinguished between edible and non-edible plants
Question: 1007
Define deforestation .
Answer: 1007
1007-1097Deforestation means cutting down of trees for the conservation of the forest to non-forest land
Question: 1008
Name the three endangered species in Pakistan
Answer: 1008
1008-10971: Indus dolphin
2: Macro polo sheep
Question: 1009
How electroplating of zinc is carried out ?
Answer: 1009
1009-1097The zinc is deposited on the metal buy immersing it in a chemical bath containing electrolyte zinc sulphate . A current is applied which results in depositing of zinc on the target metal i-e cathode
Question: 1010
How tissues are different are different from organs ?
Answer: 1010
1010-1097Tissues and organs different from each other due to following reasons :
1: Similar cells performing similar functions are organized into groups called tissues while more than one types of tissues having related function are organized together and made a unit called organ
Question: 1011
What is the role of copper, zinc, chlorine and nickel in plants growth?
Answer: 1011
1011-1097Copper and zinc are components of several enzymes. Chlorine is involved in osmosis and nickel is required in nitrogen metabolism.
Question: 1012
What are harmful effects of excessive use of organic fertilizers?
Answer: 1012
1012-1097Excessive amounts of organic fertilizers can cause environmental degradation due In nitrate leaching or run off of soluble organic compounds
Question: 1013
What is the importance of biological method ?
Answer: 1013
1013-1097From Galileo's experiment back in 1590's to current research , the biological method has contributed to the advancement in medicine , ecology , technology , etc . biological method also ensure the quality of data for public use
Question: 1014
Define genetics ?
Answer: 1014
1014-1097The study of genes and their role in inheritance is called genetics . Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other
Question: 1015
Which characteristics should a hypothesis have ?
Answer: 1015
1015-1097A hypothesis should have the following characteristics
1: It should be a general statement
2: It should agree with available observations
3: It should be a tentative idea
4: It should be kept as simple as possible
5: It should be testable and potentially falsifiable
Question: 1016
Which is a successful experiment ?
Answer: 1016
1016-1097A successful experimentis that which demonstrates one or more alternative hypothesis as incorrect
Question: 1017
What are fossils ?
Answer: 1017
1017-1097The remains of extinct organisms are called fossils
Question: 1018
What is the role of phosphorus in plants?
Answer: 1018
1018-1097Phosphorous is component of ATP, nucleic acid and coenzymes, necessary for seed germination, photosynthesis and protein formation.
Question: 1019
What are environmental hazards related to fertilizers use ?
Answer: 1019
1019-10971: The massive quantities of inorganic fertilizers after the nutrient , holding capacity
Question: 1020
How do scientists summarize experimental results ?
Answer: 1020
1020-1097Biologists gather actual , quantitative data from experiment . Data from each of the groups are then averaged and compared statistically . To draw conclusions , biologists also uses statistical analysis
Question: 1021
Define minerals.
Answer: 1021
1021-1097Minerals are inorganic elements that originate in the earth and cannot be made in body.
Question: 1022
Define biological method ?
Answer: 1022
1022-1097A biological problem is a question related to living organisms that is either asked by someone or comes in biological's mind by himself
Question: 1023
What is done in the professional study of biotechnology?
Answer: 1023
1023-1097It is the latest profession in the field of biology. Biotechnologists study and work for the production of useful products through microorganisms
e.g enzymes ,antibiotics etc
Question: 1024
Write the deduction process .
Answer: 1024
1024-1097The logical consequences of the hypothesis are called deduction . For this purpose , a hypothesis is taken as true and expected results (deduction ) are drawn from it
Question: 1025
Define biogeography
Answer: 1025
1025-1097It deals with the study of the occurrence and distribution of different species of living organism in different Geographical regions of the world. It applies the knowledge of characteristics of particulars geographical regions to determine the characteristics of organism found there.
Question: 1026
Which careers can be adopted by students of biology?
Answer: 1026
1026-1097(i) Medicine/Surgery (ii) Animals husbandry (iii) Fisheries (iv) Agriculture (v) Horticulture (vi) Farming (vii) Forestry (VW) Biotechnology
Question: 1027
What role does this step play in scientific method ?
Answer: 1027
1027-1097Publishing of results is an essential part of the scientific method . It allows other people to verify the results or apply the knowledge to solve other problems
Question: 1028
What is the cause of malaria ?
Answer: 1028
1028-1097A tiny creature , plasmodium is the cause of malaria
Question: 1029
What are the functions of organelles ?
Answer: 1029
1029-1097Each type of organelle is specialized to perform a specific function
Question: 1030
Which four observations were made about malaria in the last part of nineteenth century ?
Answer: 1030
1030-10971: Malaria and marshy areas have some relation
2: Quinine is an effecting drug for testing malaria
3: Drinking the water of marshes does not cause malaria
4: Plasmodium is seen in the blood of malarial patient
Question: 1031
Differentiate between micromolecules and macromolecules
Answer: 1031
1031-1097Micromolecules :The molecule with low molecular weight are called micro-molecule
Example : glucose ,water etc
Question: 1032
Which mosquito transmits dengue fever?
Answer: 1032
1032-1097Aedes mosquito transmits dengue fever
Question: 1033
What is cinchona ?
Answer: 1033
1033-1097Cinchona is a tree , the bark of which was found to be excellent remedy for treating malaria
Question: 1034
Define biomolecules .
Answer: 1034
1034-1097The stable particles which is made by atoms of biochemist i-e carbon, nitrogen , sulphur , etc through ionic or covalent bonding is called biomolecules
Question: 1035
Define ingestion .
Answer: 1035
1035-1097The process of taking food is called ingestion
Question: 1036
Which organ make digestive system ?
Answer: 1036
1036-10971:Oral cavity
2: Stomach
3: Liver
4: Pancreas
5 :Small intestine
6: Large intestine
Question: 1037
How does plasmodium enter the body of a mosquito ?
Answer: 1037
1037-1097When a mosquito bites and sucks the blood of malarial patient the plasmodium enter in its body
Question: 1038
What hypothesis was made in case of malaria ?
Answer: 1038
1038-1097Plasmodium is the cause of malaria
Question: 1039
Which food are sources of lipids?
Answer: 1039
1039-1097Important sources of lipids include milk. butter, cheese, eggs, mutton, tish, mustard seeds, coconut and dry fruits etc.
Question: 1040
Define proportion .
Answer: 1040
1040-1097Proportion means to join two equal ratios by the sign of equality (=) e.g a:b=c:d is a proportion between two ratios
Question: 1041
Give two example of biological law
Answer: 1041
1041-10971: Hardy-Wienberg law
2: Mendel's law of inheritance
Question: 1042
How do different types of tissues functions in one organ ?
Answer: 1042
1042-1097In stomach (organ) two major tissues
1: Epithelial tissues , which secrete gastric juice and
2: Muscular tissues perform contraction of stomach walls for grinding of food , and moving food to posterior end
Question: 1043
What is meant by flooding?
Answer: 1043
1043-1097Ans: Flooding: It occurs due to more than normal rainfall or due to weak water distribution system. Rivers and canals overflow their banks and destroy the soil quality of agricultural lauds. It becomes impossible to gross crops immediately after flooding. In this way, flooding may be a reason for short-term famine.
Question: 1044
Patients bleeds from from the nose , gums and under the skin is dengue Why?
Answer: 1044
1044-1097It is due to dengue fever . Due to destructions of platelets
Question: 1045
What is Quinine ?
Answer: 1045
1045-1097The substance extracted from cinchona bark to treat malaria is called quinine
Question: 1046
Define biodiversity hot spot?
Answer: 1046
1046-1097A biodiversity hotspot is a region of high level of established species
Question: 1047
How much energy is obtained per gram of carbohydrates?
Answer: 1047
1047-1097Carbohydrates contain 04 kilocalories per gram.
Question: 1048
Why it is difficult to learn about way of life of each organism?
Answer: 1048
1048-1097Organisms range in complexity from small and simple bacteria to large and complex human. Some of them live in sea, some on land, some walk, other fly. Each organism has its own way of life. When there is so diversity in organisms, it becomes difficult to learn about characteristics each.
Question: 1049
Define anopheles
Answer: 1049
1049-1097Anopheles is a kind of mosquito , female of this mosquito spread malaria in human beings
Question: 1050
List the name of ,major minerals .
Answer: 1050
1050-1097Iron , Zinc , chromium , fluoride , iodine are face minerals are face minerals
Question: 1051
What is meant by data observation ?
Answer: 1051
1051-1097The collection and rearrangement of information to formulate and to test hypothesis is called data organization
Question: 1052
What are sources of minerals ?
Answer: 1052
1052-1097Most of the minerals in humans diet come directly from plant and water , or indirectly from animal foods
Question: 1053
What happened when two different but closely related organism do cross breed?
Answer: 1053
1053-1097When two different but closely related organism do cross breed they produced an infertile offspring. Example: A cross between a male donkey and female horse produces an infertile offspring, the mule.
Question: 1054
What are priors and viroids?
Answer: 1054
1054-1097Prions are composed of protein only and act as infectious particle. in plants Viroids are composed of circular RNA only act as infectious particles and cause diseases in certain plants
Question: 1055
What was the name of first medicine of malaria curing ?
Answer: 1055
1055-1097The bark of a tree known as quina-quina was vey suitable for curing malaria
Question: 1056
Explain with an example that in organism , the function , processes and activities of various organs and organ system are co-ordinated
Answer: 1056
1056-1097When a man is engaged in continuous and hard exercise not only his muscles but also there is an increase in the rate of respiration and heart beat . This accelerated rate of the respiration and heart beat supplies more oxygen and food to the muscle which they need for continuous work
Question: 1057
In which area houbara bustard found?
Answer: 1057
1057-1097It is a large bird (about 60cm long with 140cm wingspan). It is omnivorous and eats seeds.1:-.74 and small animals. Houbara bustards arc migratory birds that fly to Pakistan in winter seam-chollistan and Thar deserts.
Question: 1058
Which foods are source of calcium ?
Answer: 1058
1058-1097Human get calcium from milk , cheese , egg yolk , beans , nuts , and cabbage etc
Question: 1059
Define culex
Answer: 1059
1059-1097Culex is a kind of mosquito , female of which spreads malaria in sparrows
Question: 1060
Define classification?
Answer: 1060
1060-1097The systematic grouping of organisms into categories on the basis of evolutionary or structural relationship between them.
Question: 1061
Define ratio .
Answer: 1061
1061-1097When a relation between two numbers e.g 'a' and 'b' is expressed in terms of quotient (a/b) , such a relation is the ratio of one number to the other . It is expressed by putting a division or colon mark between two numbers
Question: 1062
What is the control in experiments ? Explain with example .
Answer: 1062
1062-1097There are two types of groups in experimental :
1: Controlled group
2: Experimental group
The scientists must contrast an experimental group with a control group
Question: 1063
What is the function of reproductive parts of plants ?
Answer: 1063
1063-1097Flowers take part in sexual reproduction and produce fruits and seeds
Question: 1064
Write a note on animal husbandry
Answer: 1064
1064-1097It is the branch of agriculture concerned with the care and breeding of domestic animals (livestock) e.g cattle , sheep ,etc . Professional course in animal husbandry can be adapted can be adopted after the higher secondary education in biology
Question: 1065
What is a extinct species?
Answer: 1065
1065-1097A species is called extinct when there is no doubt that the last individual of that species has died
Question: 1066
What are the contributions of Whittaker, Margulis and Schwartz in taxonomy?
Answer: 1066
1066-1097In 1967. Robert Whittaker introduced the live kingdom classification system. In 1988, Margulis and Schwartz modified the five — kingdom classification of Whittaker.
Question: 1067
Differentiate between the terms "extinct" and "endangered"
Answer: 1067
1067-1097Extinct:
A species is called extinct when there is no doubt that the last individual of that species has died. Example: Dinasour
Question: 1068
Name any four unicellular organisms
Answer: 1068
1068-10971: Amoeba
2:Paramecium
3: Euglena
4: Virus
Question: 1069
Define species
Answer: 1069
1069-1097A species is a group of organisms which can be determined freely among them and produce fertile offspring , but are reproductively isolated from all other such groups in nature . Each species possesses its own distinct structural , ecological , and behavioral characteristics
Question: 1070
What is habitat and how it is different from community ?
Answer: 1070
1070-1097Habitat : It means the area of the environment in which organisms live
Question: 1071
Write down the hierarchy amongest a kingdom
Answer: 1071
1071-10971: Phylum (division for plants and fungi):
A phylum is a group of related classes.
Question: 1072
Define species .
Answer: 1072
1072-1097A species is defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring
Question: 1073
What are the causes of decline of population of Indus dolphin?
Answer: 1073
1073-1097The population of Indus dolphin diclined because of various factors, including water pollution poaching and destruction of habitat due to barrages and darns etc. according to WWF-P, only 6' animals of this species are left today in the Indus River in Pakistan.
Question: 1074
Which animal lives in northern areas ?
Answer: 1074
1074-1097The northern areas provides habitat habitats to Musk deer , Snow leopard , Astore markhor , and Himalyan ibex ,Wooly flying squirrel and the brown bear
Question: 1075
Differentiate between theory and law .
Answer: 1075
1075-1097Theory : The hypotheses that stand the test of time (often tested and never rejected ) are called theories
Example: cell theory
Question: 1076
Give two examples of qualitative and two of quantitative observation .
Answer: 1076
1076-1097Qualitative observation :
1:The freezing point of water is colder than the boiling point
2: A liter of water is heavier than a liter of ethanol
Question: 1077
Define hypothesis
Answer: 1077
1077-1097The tentative explanation of the observation is called hypothesis
Question: 1078
What is necessary for the formation of a hypothesis ?
Answer: 1078
1078-1097A great deal of careful and creative thinking is necessary for the formulation of a hypothesis
Question: 1079
Define control group .
Answer: 1079
1079-1097A set up experiment in which no variable is missing and is known measures to which scientists can compare their results
Question: 1080
What is meant by reporting the results ?
Answer: 1080
1080-1097Reporting of results means publishing findings by biologists in scientific journal and books ,in talks at national and international meetings and in seminars at colleges and universities
Question: 1081
What was the opinion of ancient physician about malaria ?
Answer: 1081
1081-1097Physician described it a disease of chills and fevers with recurring attacks . They observed this disease among people living near marshy areas
Question: 1082
What are the symptoms of malaria ?
Answer: 1082
1082-1097Malaria is diagnosed by having chills and fever with recurring attacks in patient
Question: 1083
Name any one biological problem ?
Answer: 1083
1083-1097Malaria is the biological problem
Question: 1084
What deduction was made from hypothesis about malaria ?
Answer: 1084
1084-1097Of the plasmodium is the cause of malaria , then all persons ill with malaria should have plasmodium in their blood
Question: 1085
Define law or principle .
Answer: 1085
1085-1097A theory which survives doubtful approaches and continues to be supported by experimental evidence is called law or principle
Question: 1086
Define data ?
Answer: 1086
1086-1097Data can be defined as the information such as names , dates or values made from observations
Question: 1087
Bark of which tree was found to be excellent treatment of malaria ?
Answer: 1087
1087-1097Cinchona
Question: 1088
Write the role of biological method in biology
Answer: 1088
1088-1097It has played an important part in the scientific research for almost 500 years . From Galileo's experiment in the 1590's to current research the biological method has contributed to the advancements in medicine , ecology , technology etc . It has ensured the quality of data for public use
Question: 1089
Which disease has killed more people than any other disease ?
Answer: 1089
1089-1097Mlaria
Question: 1090
What are causes of deforestation ?
Answer: 1090
1090-1097(i) Sudden and catastrophic clear cutting for urban development.
(ii) It can be done for agriculture.
(iii) It can be of consequence of grazing animals.
(iv) The race of produce cash through fruits, species, sugar, Tobacco, cloth etc.
Question: 1091
How does a theory a become law of principle ?
Answer: 1091
1091-1097If a theory survives such doubtful approach and continues to be supported by experimental evidence , it becomes a law or principle
Question: 1092
Define kingdom:
Answer: 1092
1092-1097All organism are divided into 5 major groups each of which is called kingdom each kingdom is divided into phylum. Kingdom• is largest taxon.
Question: 1093
Write distinguished characteristics of kingdom fungi.
Answer: 1093
1093-1097It includes eukaryotic multicellular reducers for example Mushrooms. Fungi ate heterotrophic Organisms that are absorptive on organic material. secrete digestive enzymes anal absorbs small organic molecule formed by the digestion of enzymes,
Question: 1094
What is the difference between vulnerable and endangered species?
Answer: 1094
1094-1097Vulnerable :A species which is likely to become endangered unless the circumstances improve
Question: 1095
Define binomial nomenclature.
Answer: 1095
1095-1097Binomial nomenclature is the method of giving scientific names to living organisms. As the word -binomial- suggests. the scientific name of species consists of two names: the first is the genus name and the second one is the name of the species
Question: 1096
Name national bird and national animal in Pakistan
Answer: 1096
1096-10971: The national bird is Chakor patridge
2: The national animal is Markhor
Question: 1097
What is threatened species?
Answer: 1097
1097-1097A species is called threatened when it is at the risk of extinction in near future.
