9th Class Biology Chapter 6 Short Questions with Answers Solved

Question: 1

Define cofactor and coenzyme.

Answer: 1

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Cofactors. The none -protein molecules or ions, which are required by enzymes to show full activcity , are called cofactors . Cofactors may be inorganic . Co-enzymes; If organic co-factors are loosely atttached with enzymes, they are called co-enzymes.

Question: 2

What are products.

Answer: 2

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The molecules, which are produced after the action of enzymes on substrate molecules are called products.

Question: 3

Who first used the term enzymes?

Answer: 3

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In 1878, German physiologist Winhelm Kuhne first used the term enzyme.

Question: 4

What are enzymes?

Answer: 4

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Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactios and are not changed during the reaction. Example; Lipase which work on lipids.

Question: 5

Define Inhibitors.

Answer: 5

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The substances, which stop or reduce the activity of enzymes are called inhibitors.

Question: 6

Describe any two properties of enzymes ?

Answer: 6

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Almost all enzymes are proteins i.e they are made up of amino acid
Most enzymes reaction rates are millions of times fasterthan those of comparable uncatalyzed reaction.

Question: 7

What is the main use of enzymes in paper industry?

Answer: 7

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Paper industry: Enzyme break starch to lower its viscosity that aids in making paper.

Question: 8

What is activation energy?

Answer: 8

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All chemical reactions require activation energy . It is define das minimum energy required to start a reaction and to right direction.

Question: 9

Differentiate between anabolism and catabolism

Answer: 9

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Anabolism: Anabolism includes the biochemical reactions in which larger molecules are synthesized, Energy is utilized in anabolism. Example: Photosynthesis

Question: 10

How are enzymes classified?

Answer: 10

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Enzymes are usually very specific for the type of reaction and for the nature of the substrates.

Question: 11

Name those industrial where enzymes are used ?

Answer: 11

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Food Industry , Brewing industry and paper industry.

Question: 12

Define active site.

Answer: 12

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Only a small portion of enzyme molecules is directly involved in catalysis. This catalytic region is known as active site.

Question: 13

Who put forward the Lock and Key Model?

Answer: 13

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Lock and Key Model:

In order to explain he mechanism of enzymes action a German chemist Emil Fichers, In 1894, proposed lock and key model.
This model explain enzymes specified
According to this model, both enzymes and subtracts posses specific shapes that fit exactly into one another.

Question: 14

Define Metabolism.

Answer: 14

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The set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organism in order to maintain life is called metabolism Types: They are two types of metabolism. anabolism Catabolism

Question: 15

What are substrates?

Answer: 15

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The molecules at which enzymes act are called substrates.

Question: 16

Define activators.

Answer: 16

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The substance, which increase or speed up the activity of enzymes are called activators.

Question: 17

Define Substrate and Product

Answer: 17

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Substrates: The molecules at which enzymes act are called substrate called substrate

Question: 18

Write name of four enzymes ?

Answer: 18

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Amylase
Lipase
Protease
Maltase

Question: 19

How many enzymes are known?

Answer: 19

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There are over 2000 known enzymes, each of which is involved in one specific chemical reaction.

Question: 20

Are all biocatalysts protein in nature?

Answer: 20

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All biochemical catalysts are not protein, for example some RNA molecules also catalyze reaction.

Question: 21

Name of the factors affecting the rate of enzyme action.

Answer: 21

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1. Temperature 2. pH 3. Substrates concentration

Question: 22

What is metabolic pathway?

Answer: 22

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Several enzymes can work together in an specific order creating metabolic pathway, one enzymes takes the product of another enzymes as a substrate.

Question: 23

Name the vitamin which acts as coenzyme.

Answer: 23

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Some important vitamins riboflavin, thiamine and folic acid act as co-enzymes.

Question: 24

Define optimum temperature.

Answer: 24

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The specific temperature at which an enzyme works at its maximum rate is called as optimum temperature of that enzyme. Example; The Optimum temperature for the maximum working speed of human enzymes is 37 oC

Question: 25

What is metabolic pathways

Answer: 25

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Several enzymes can work together in a specific order creating metabolic pathways In a metabolic pathway one enzyme takes the product of another enzyme as a substrate After the reaction the production is passed on to the nxt enzyme

Question: 26

Define Activate Energy ?

Answer: 26

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It is define as minimum amount of energy required to start a reaction.Enzymes lower the activation energy in several ways. They may alter the shapes of substrate and reduce the requirement of energy for his change.

Question: 27

What are peptide bonds.

Answer: 27

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The forces of attraction, which hold amino acids to form proteins, are called peptide bonds.

Question: 28

What is substrate ?

Answer: 28

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The molecule at which enzymes act are called substrate.

Question: 29

What is meant by Optimum temperature

Answer: 29

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Enzymes works at its maximum rate at a specific temperature called optimum temperature The optimum temperature of Human enzymes is 37C

Question: 30

What is use of enzymes in biological in biological detergents?

Answer: 30

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Protease enzymes are used for the removal of protein stain from clothes
Amylase enzymes are used in dish washing to remove resistant strach residues

Question: 31

What is difference between alkaline and acidic medium?

Answer: 31

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A solution which has pH 91-60 is acidic medium and one wiht pH 98-14) is alkaline medium.

Question: 32

Write down to benefits of biocatalysts ?

Answer: 32

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Biocatalysts are protein which speed up biochemical reaction.
Biocatalysts are protein which do not damage itself during chemical reaction

Question: 33

Who first used the term enzyme?

Answer: 33

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Enzyme that break starchinto simple sugars are used in the production of white bread bins etc.

Question: 34

What is roe of enzymes in paper industry ?

Answer: 34

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Enzymes break starch to lower its viscosity that aids in making papers .

Question: 35

Write two industrial uses of enzyme.

Answer: 35

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Food Industry: Enzymes that break starch into simple sugars are used in the production of white bread, buns etc. Brewing Industry: Enzymes break starch and proteins.The product are used by yeast for fermentation .

Question: 36

What is Denaturation of enzymes ?

Answer: 36

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Maximum working speed of human enzyme is at 37 C . When temperature is raised well above the optimum temperature is raised well above the optimum temperature, heat energy increases the vibration of enzymes and the globular structure of enzymes is lost.

Question: 37

What id optimum temperature?

Answer: 37

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The optimum temperature for the maximum working speed of human enzymes is 37.c

Question: 38

What difference between anabolism and Catabolism

Answer: 38

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Anabolism:Anabolism include all those biochemical reaction in which large molecules are formed from smaller molecules

Question: 39

What is optimum pH?

Answer: 39

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A narrow range of pH at which all enzymes work at their maximum rate is called optimum pH.

Question: 40

What is meant by substrates ?

Answer: 40

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The molecule at which enzymes act are called substrates.

Question: 41

Describe any two properties of enzyme

Answer: 41

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Almost all enzymes are proteins i.e they are made up of amino acids

Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of times faster than those of comparable uncatalyzed reactions As with all catalysts, enzymes are not consumed by the reactions they catalyze

Question: 42

What is lock and key model/

Answer: 42

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According to this model, both enzyme nand substrate possess specific shapes that fit exactly into one another. This model explains enzyme specificity.

Question: 43

write points of Amylase Enzymes ?

Answer: 43

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Amylase enzyme is specified for starch substrate
Amylase enzymes is used in dish washing detergent to remove resistant resiude of starch.

Question: 44

What is role of enzyme in paper industry

Answer: 44

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Enzyme breakstarch to lower its viscosity that aids in making paper

Question: 45

What is enzyme action ?

Answer: 45

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When enzyme attaches with substrate a temporary enzyme-substrate complex is formed is called enzyme action.

Question: 46

What is difference between Anabolism and Catabolism

Answer: 46

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Anabolism Anabolism include all those biochemical reaction in which larger molecules are formed from smaller molecules

Question: 47

Write and explain the equation for the mechanism of exzyme action

Answer: 47

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Enzyme action: When enzyme attaches with substrate a temporary enzyme substrate ES complex is formed Enzyme catalyzes the reaction and substrate is transformed into products After it the ES complex breaks and enzyme and products are released

Question: 48

Define metabolism . Name its two type.

Answer: 48

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The term of metabolism is derived from a Greek word meaning " Change " the concept of metabolism was first given by Ibn-e-Nafees, Who started that the body its parts are always under going change the sum of all bidy chemical reaction that occur in living organism to carry out life activities are called metabolism.

Anabolism
Catabolism

Question: 49

What factor affect the rate of enzymes reaction ?Write name

Answer: 49

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Temperature
Substrate concentration
(pH)

Question: 50

Define Anabolism with example

Answer: 50

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Anabolism: Anabolism is a constructive process Smaller simples molecules combine together in anabolism to form larger complexes molecules Energy is absorbed in Anabolism

Question: 51

Define Prosthetic group and Co-enzyme

Answer: 51

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Prosthetic Group: If organic cofactors are tightly bound to enzyme they are called prosthetic groups

Question: 52

Write propertiesof enzyme?

Answer: 52

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1- Colloidal nature : Advertisements.

2- Substrate specificity

3- Catalytic properties

4- Turn over number 5 Sensitivity

Question: 53

In which medium pepsin an trypsin enzymes work ?

Answer: 53

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Pepsin enzyme works in Acidic medium
Trypsin enzyme works in alkaline medium

Question: 54

What is meant by biocatalyst?

Answer: 54

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Enzymes are protein that catalyze biochemical reaction during reaction and speed up reaction.Enzymes are also called biocatalysts.

Question: 55

What is meant by saturation of active sites

Answer: 55

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If enzyme molecules are available in a reaction increase in substrate concentration increase the rate of reaction If enzymes concentration is kept constant and amount of substrate is increased a point is reachesd where any further increase in substrate does not increase the rate of reaction any more When the active sites of all enzymes are occupied any more substrate molecules do not find free active sites This state is called saturation of active sites and reaction rate does not increase

Question: 56

Define about lock and key model of enzyme?

Answer: 56

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In order to explain the mechanism of enzyme action aGerman chemist Email fisher. .In 1894 proposed lock and key model.

Question: 57

What is Denaturation of enzyme

Answer: 57

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Maximum working speed of human enzyme is at When temperature is raised well above the optimum temperature heat enery increases the vibrations of enzyme and the globular structure of envy me is lost It slows the activity of enzyme and it may be blocked completely Due to denaturation of enzyme

Question: 58

Define Cofactor?

Answer: 58

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Some enzymes do not need any addtional component to work. However, others require non-protein molecules or irons called cofactor

Question: 59

What is meant by Co-enzymes ?

Answer: 59

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Co-Enzymes:If organic cofactors are loosely attached with enzymes, they are called co-enzymes

Question: 60

Write note on specification OF ENZYME

Answer: 60

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Enzymes are also substrate specific The enzyme protease is used to breaks peptide bonds in proteins and will not work on starch Starch is broken down by an enzyme amylase Lipase enzyme acts only on lipids and digests them into fatty acids and glycerol

Question: 61

Write down the name of industries where enzyme

Answer: 61

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Paper enzyme:

Enzyme break starch to lower its viscosity that aids is making paper

Question: 62

Give example of intracellular and Extracellular Enzyme

Answer: 62

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Enzyme can be categorized on the basis of the site where they work

Question: 63

Give example of intracellular ?

Answer: 63

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Example of intracellular:Enzymes of glycolysis works in the cytoplasm.

Question: 64

Define Anabolism with example?

Answer: 64

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Anabolism is a constructive process. Smaller simple molecules combine together in anabolism to form large, complex molecules. Energy is absorbed in anabolism

Example:Photosynthesis is an anabolic process.

Question: 65

What is the main use of food industry

Answer: 65

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Food industry:

Enzyme that break starchinto simple sugars are used in the production of white bread burns etc.

Question: 66

What factors affect the rate of enzyme reaction

Answer: 66

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Following factors can affect the rate of enzyme activity

Temperature, Ph. Substrate concentration

Question: 67

How is the activity of an enzyme effected

Answer: 67

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Enzymes may also lower activation energy by bringing substrate in the correct orientation to react.

Question: 68

What is meant by saturation of active sites ?

Answer: 68

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If enzymes molecules are available in a reaction increases in substance concentration increases the rate of reaction if enzymes concentration is kept constant and amount of substance is increased a point is reached where any further increases in substrate does not increase in substance does not increase the rate of reaction any more.

Question: 69

Write down the name of Enzymes that act on protein and starch ?

Answer: 69

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Starch and break , by amylase. protein break b enzymes protease .

Question: 70

Describe the effect of temperature on speed

Answer: 70

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Increase in temperature speeds up the rate of enzyme catalyzed reaction but only to a paint.

Question: 71

What is meant by Biocatalyst

Answer: 71

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Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reaction during reaction and speed up reaction Enzymes are also called biocatalysts

Question: 72

What is food industry ?

Answer: 72

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Enzymes that break starch and proteins the product are used by yeast for fermentation.

Question: 73

Write down the name of Enzymes that act on protein and starch

Answer: 73

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Starch break by amylase Protein Break by enzyme protease

Question: 74

Explain Activation Energy

Answer: 74

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It is defined as minimum amount of energy required to start a reaction Enzymes lower the activation energy in several ways They may alter the shape of substrate and reduce the requirement of energy for this change Some enzymes do so by disrupting the charge distribution on substrates Enzymes may also lower activation energy by bringing substrates in the correct orientation to react

Question: 75

How pH effect on enzymes action?

Answer: 75

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All enzymes work at their maximum rate at a narrow range of pH, called as the optimum pH .

Question: 76

What are cofactors

Answer: 76

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Some enzymes require non-protein molecules or ions called cofactors

Question: 77

Define prosthetic group

Answer: 77

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If organic cofactor are tightly bound to enzyme they are called prosthetic chin up

Question: 78

Which is called optimum pH?

Answer: 78

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Every enzymes works at its maximum rate at a specific pH called as the optimum pH for that enzyme e.g pepsin work maximum at pH of 2.

Question: 79

Write names of important vitamins those acts as Co-enzymes

Answer: 79

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Co-enzyme If organic cofactors are loosely attached with enzyme they are called coenzymes

Riboflavin, Thiamine, Folic acid

Question: 80

Write two benifits of active site ?

Answer: 80

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Active site recognize the substrate
It binds with substrate and carrier out reaction

Question: 81

Write down to benefits of Biocatalysts

Answer: 81

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Biocatalysts are proteins which speed up catalyze biochemical reactions

Biocatalysts are proteins which do not damage itself during chemical reaction

Question: 82

Define enzyme

Answer: 82

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Enzyme are protein that catalyze biochemical reaction and are not changed during the reaction.

Question: 83

Define Optimum temperature ?

Answer: 83

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Enzymes works at its maximum rate at a specific temperature called optimum temperature. the optimum temperature of human enzymes is 37^{o C.}

Question: 84

In which medium pepsin and trypsin enzymes work

Answer: 84

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Pepsin enzyme works in Acidic medium

Trypsin enzyme works in alkaline medium

Question: 85

Are all Biocatalysts protein in nature

Answer: 85

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All biochemical catalysts are not proteins for example some RNA molecules also catalyze reactions

Question: 86

Define protease enzyme ?

Answer: 86

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Protease enzyme is specified fro protein substrate. protease enzymes is used in cloth washing detergents to remove protein stains from cloths

Question: 87

What is differenceAnabolism

Answer: 87

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Anabolism include the biochemical reaction in which longer molecules are synthesized

Question: 88

Which is called optimum ph

Answer: 88

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Every enzyme works at its maximum rate at a specific ph called as the optimum pH for that enzyme e.g pepsin work maximum at pH to 2

Question: 89

What is the function of Amylase and Lipase ?

Answer: 89

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Amylase enzymes break starch lipase breaks only lipids.

Question: 90

What is difference between substrate and active site

Answer: 90

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Substrate: The molecule at which enzymes act are called substrate Enzymes converts the substrate into different

Question: 91

Difference between protease enzyme and Amylase anzyme?

Answer: 91

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Protease enzyme:

Protease enzyme are usedfor the removal of protein stains from clothes

Question: 92

What is use of enzymes in biological

Answer: 92

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Protease enzymes are used for the removal of protein stains from clothes

Amylase enzymes are used in dish washing to remove resistant starch residues

Question: 93

Define coenzyme name vitaminwhich act as

Answer: 93

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If organic cofactor are looslyattached with enzyme they are called coenzyme

Question: 94

Who give the concept of Metabolism

Answer: 94

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The term of metabolism is derived from a Greek word meaning change The concept of metabolism was first given by Ibn-e-Nafees who started that the body and its parts are always undergoing change The sum of all bio chemical reactions that occurs in living organisms to carry out life captivities are called metabolism

Anabolism, Catabolism

Question: 95

Define inhibitor?

Answer: 95

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Enzyme production can be enhanced or diminishedby a cell according to need. Enzyme activity can also be regulated by inhibitor.

Question: 96

Write names of four enzymes

Answer: 96

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Amylase, Lipase, Protease, Maltase

Question: 97

Define induced fit model

Answer: 97

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Induced fit model: In 1958, an American biologist Daniel Kushan suggested a modification to lock and key model and proposed induced fit model

Induced fit model is more acceptable than lock and key model of enzyme action

According to this model active site is not a rigid structure rather it is molded into the required shape to perform its function

In this model Daniel Koshland suggested that Enzymes are flexible particles and when their active sites bind with substrate they change their shapes

Question: 98

Who put forward the Lock and Key Model

Answer: 98

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Lock and key Model: In order to explain the mechanism of enzyme action a German chemist Emil Fischer in 1894 proposed lock and key model

According to this model, both enzyme and substrate posses specific shapes that fit exactly into one another This model explain enzyme specificity

Question: 99

What is meant by Action site

Answer: 99

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Active Sit: During catalysis, only a small portion of enzyme smolecule is directly involve in the chemical reaction and this catalytic region is known as active sites

Question: 100

Define metabolism

Answer: 100

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Metabolism is the set of biochemical reaction that biochemical reaction that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life.

Question: 101

Who first used the term enzyme

Answer: 101

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In 1878 German Physiologist Winhelm Kuhne first used the term enzyme

Question: 102

Difference between Extracellular and intracellular enzymes?

Answer: 102

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Intracellular :

Enzymes of glycolysisworking in the cytoplasm

Question: 103

What is the function of Amylase and Lipase

Answer: 103

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Amylase enzymes breaks starch Lipase breaks only Lipids

Question: 104

Write down benefits of Biolotalysts?

Answer: 104

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Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they act as bio catalystsand speed up and regulate metabolicpathway.

Question: 105

What is calledoptimumPh?

Answer: 105

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All enzyme work at their maximum rate at narrow range of PH called as optimum

Question: 106

What do you know about activesite of enzyme.

Answer: 106

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Only a small protein of enzyme molecule is directly involvedin catalysis. This catalytic region is known as active site.

Question: 107

Define Cofactors Also give example

Answer: 107

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Some enzymes require non-protein molecules or ions called cofactors

Question: 108

How pH effects on enzymes action

Answer: 108

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All enzymes work at their maximum rate at a narrow range of Ph, called as the optimum pH A slight change in this ph causes retardation in enzyme activity or blocks it completely Every enzymes has its specfic optimum pH value For example pepsin working in stomach is active intestine shows its activity in alkaline medium high pH Change in pH can effect the ionization of the amino acids at the active site

Question: 109

Define Cofactor and Co-enzyme

Answer: 109

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Cofactor: Some enzymes do not need any additional component to work additional component to work However others require non-protein molecules or ions called cofactors

Question: 110

Who gave the concept of metabolism

Answer: 110

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The term metabolism is derivedfrom a Greek word meaning change.

The concept of metabolism was first of all give

Question: 111

Define specific enzyme

Answer: 111

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Define enzyme:

Enzyme are very specific for the type of reaction and for the nature of their substrates.

Question: 112

Differentiate between Protease enzyme

Answer: 112

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Protease Enzyme: Protease enzyme is specified for protein substrate

Protease enzyme is used in cloth washing detergents to remove protein stains from clothes

Question: 113

Define substrateand product

Answer: 113

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The molecules at which enzymes act are called substrates

Question: 114

What is meant by specification of enzyme?

Answer: 114

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There are over 2000 known enzymes.Each of which is involved in one specific chemical reaction Enzyme are also substrate specific.

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9th Class Chapter 6 Biology Short Questions

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