9th Class Biology Chapter 1 Short Questions with Answers Solved

Question: 1

Define microbiology.

Answer: 1

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The division of biology, which deals the study of microorganisms such as bacteria, is called microbiology.

Question: 2

Define biology.

Answer: 2

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biology is the scientific study of life. The word biology has been derived from two Greek words, "bios" meaning life and 'logos' meaning thought or reasoning.

Question: 3

What are different groups of living organisms?

Answer: 3

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Prokaryotes, Protist , Fungi, Plants, Animals

Question: 4

What do you mean by horticulture and how is it related agriculture?

Answer: 4

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Horticulture: It deals with the art of gardening. A horticulturist works for the betterment of existing varieties and for the production of new varieties of ornamental plants and fruit plants.

Question: 5

Define Science.

Answer: 5

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Science is the study in which observations are made, experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principles of nature.

Question: 6

Define Genetics.

Answer: 6

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The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called genetics, Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other. Example: Eye colour, height.

Question: 7

What are protists?

Answer: 7

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The unicellular or simple multicellular organisms with distinct nuclei are called protest. Examples: Euglena, Paramecium, Green algae etc.

Question: 8

Define prokaryotes.

Answer: 8

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The unicellular organism that do not have distinct nucleus are grouped as prokaryotes. Example: Bacteria.

Question: 9

Define Molecular biology.

Answer: 9

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this branch , deals with the study of the molecules of like e.g. water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.

Question: 10

Define biotechnology.

Answer: 10

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It deals practical application of living organisms to make substances for the welfare of mankind. Example: Insulin

Question: 11

Define embryology.

Answer: 11

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It is teh study of teh development of an embryo to new individual.

Question: 12

Differentiate between morphology and anatomy.

Answer: 12

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Morphology:The branch of biology, which deals with the study of the structures and forms of living organisms is called morphology. Example: Study of eye etc.

Question: 13

Define immunology.

Answer: 13

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The study of the immune system of animals which defends the body against invading microbes in called immunology.

Question: 14

Define environmental biology.

Answer: 14

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The branch of biology, which deals with the study of the interactions between the organisms and their environment.

Question: 15

Define parasitology?

Answer: 15

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The branch of biology, which deals with the study of parasites is called parasitology.

Question: 16

Define paleontology

Answer: 16

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The study of fossils is called paleontology.The remains of extinct organisms are called fossils .

Question: 17

What are fossils?

Answer: 17

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The remains of extinct organisms are called fossils.

Question: 18

What is Medicine and Surgery?

Answer: 18

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The profession of medicine deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human in surgery the body parts may be repaired replaced or removed.

Question: 19

Define Sociobiology.

Answer: 19

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This branch deals with the study of social behavior of the animals that make societics

Question: 20

What is parasite?

Answer: 20

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The organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm them are called parasite.

Question: 21

Define biophysics.

Answer: 21

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It deals with the study of the principles of physic,which are applicable to biological phenomena , for example there is a similarity between the working principles of lever in physics and limbs of animal in biology

Question: 22

Define taxonomy.

Answer: 22

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The study of the naming and classification of organisms into groups and sub groups is called taxonomy.

Question: 23

What is studied in profession of farming?

Answer: 23

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It deals with the development and maintenance of different types of farm. For example in some farms. Animals breeding technologics are used for the production of animals which are better protein and milk sources. In poultry farms chicken and eggs are produced.

Question: 24

Define Pharmacology.

Answer: 24

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The branch of biology in which we study of drugs and their effects on system of human body is called pharmacology.

Question: 25

Define Biomolecule.

Answer: 25

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The stable particle which is made by atoms of bioelements i.e. carbon, nitrogen, sulphur etc through konic or covalent bonding is called biomolecules. Types: Macromolecules ,Macromolecules

Question: 26

What are the contributions of Bu Ali Sina?

Answer: 26

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He is honoured as the fonder of medicine and called as Avicenna in the west. He was a physician, philosopher, astronomer and poet. One of his books"Al-Qanun fial-Tib" is known as the cannon of medicine in West.

Question: 27

What are elements?

Answer: 27

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Elements are pure substances, which are made up of same kind of atoms having same atomic numbers.

Question: 28

Describe major contributions of Jabir Bin Hayan.

Answer: 28

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Jabir Bin Hayyan introduced experimental investigation in chemistry and also wrote a number of books on plants and animals . HIs famous books are "Al-Nabatat" and "Al-Haywan.

Question: 29

Write down the contributions of Abdul Malik Asmai.

Answer: 29

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Abdul Malik is considered the first Muslim scientist who studied animals in detail. His famous writing include Al-abil(Camel)", "Al-Khail (horse)", 'Al-Wahoosh (animal0" and " Kalq-al-ansan.

Question: 30

What are prokaryotes?

Answer: 30

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The organisms whose cells do not have distinct nucleus, lack membrane bounded structure like mitochondria and have limited number and types of organelles are called prokaryotes. e.g. bacteria

Question: 31

Define Molecule.

Answer: 31

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atoms of different elements combine with each other through ionic or covalent bonding to make a stable particle, which is called molecule.

Question: 32

What is meant by bio element?

Answer: 32

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The elements, which take part in making body mass of living things are called bio elements these are 16

Question: 33

What are teh functions of orgenelles?

Answer: 33

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Each type of organelle is specialized to perform as specific function. Example: Mitochondria specialized for cellular respiration. Ribosomes are specialized for protein synthesis.

Question: 34

Define Forestry.

Answer: 34

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It forestry, professional look after natural forests and advises to the government for planting and growing artificial forests.

Question: 35

What are eukaryotes?

Answer: 35

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The organisms whose cells do have distinct nucleus, membrane bounded structures and large number and types of organelles. Example. animal cells.

Question: 36

Define organelle.

Answer: 36

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Biomolecules assemble in a particular way and form organelles. These ae sub-cellular structure. Example: Prokaryotic cell , Eukaryotes cell

Question: 37

Define population.

Answer: 37

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A populationis defined as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place, in the same time. Example: Human population in Pakistan in 2019 comprises of 173.5 million individuals.

Question: 38

Name major types of animal tissues.

Answer: 38

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There are four major types of animals tissues. Epithelial tissues, Connective tissues, Nervous tissue, Muscular tissue

Question: 39

Difference between unicellular and multicellular.

Answer: 39

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Unicellular:An organism which is made up of one cell is called unicellular organism. Example: Paramecium, amoeba etc

Question: 40

Define tissue.

Answer: 40

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We can define a tissue as a group of similar cells specialized for the performance of a common function. Example ; Animal tissue and plant tissue.

Question: 41

Define organ.

Answer: 41

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In higher multicellular organisms, more than one types of tissues having related functions are organized together to make a unit, called organ. Example: Stomach and liver etc.

Question: 42

What is volvox?

Answer: 42

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Volvox is a green algae found in water that shows colonial organization. Hundreds of Volvox cells make a colony.

Question: 43

Which organs make digestive system.

Answer: 43

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Oral cavity,Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, small intestine, large intestine.

Question: 44

Define organ system.

Answer: 44

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Different organs performing related functions are organized together in the form of an organ system. In organ system each organ performs a specific function.

Question: 45

Name three types of cellular organizations?

Answer: 45

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These are . Unicellular organization, Colonial organization, Multicellular organization

Question: 46

Which membrane is present both in prokaryotes & eukaryotes.

Answer: 46

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Cell membrane.

Question: 47

Name any four unicellular organisms.

Answer: 47

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Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, Virus

Question: 48

Define community.

Answer: 48

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A community is the assemblage of different populations,interacting with one another with in the same environment. Example: A forest may be considered as a community. It includes different plants, micro-organismm,fungi and animal species.

Question: 49

Which organs make digestive system?

Answer: 49

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Oral cavity, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine

Question: 50

Define Zoology:

Answer: 50

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This division of biology deals with the study of animals. example: The study of frog, human etc.

Question: 51

Write names of three main divisions of biology.

Answer: 51

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The name of three divisions of biology. Zoology, Botany, Microbiology.

Question: 52

Define species.

Answer: 52

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A species is defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

Question: 53

Define botany.

Answer: 53

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This division of biology deals with the study of plants. Example: The study of Rose, mustard plant. etc

Question: 54

What is biophysics?

Answer: 54

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The interdisciplinar science that deals with the study of the principles of physics which are applicable to biological phenomena.

Question: 55

What is habitat and how it is different from community?

Answer: 55

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Habitat: It means the area of the environment in which organism lives. Community: In community different populations interacting with each other, one another live with the same environment, but in habitat we talk about an organism's living area.

Question: 56

Name major types of animal tissue.

Answer: 56

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Epithelial tissues ,Connective tissues, Nervous tissue, Muscular tissue

Question: 57

Name some plant tissue.

Answer: 57

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Epidermal tissue, Ground tissues

Question: 58

Define Orgam?Give Example.

Answer: 58

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Group of tissues doing a particular job e.g.The heart

Question: 59

Scientific name of frog.

Answer: 59

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Frog live in the both water and terriestial medium. IT Belong TO Class Amphibian,its scientific name is Rana tigrina.

Question: 60

What is morphology?

Answer: 60

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This bramble dead with the study of from and structure of living organism.

Question: 61

What is community?Give example.

Answer: 61

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A community is an assembled of different population interacting which one another with in the same environment communities are collection of organisms in which one population may increase and other may decrease.

Question: 62

Define population?Give example.

Answer: 62

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A population is defines as a group of organisms of the same species located at same place,in the same time.

Question: 63

Write two advantages of Brassica plant/Mustard plant.

Answer: 63

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Advantages of Brassica plant is. the plant body of Brassica is used as vegetable. Its seeds are used for extracting oil

Question: 64

Define Macro molecules?

Answer: 64

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Micromolecules are with low molecular weight e.g glucose water etc and macro moleculers with high molecular weight e.g strafe pratcins lipids etc.

Question: 65

What is the function of reproductive part of plant?

Answer: 65

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Flowers take part in sexual reproduction and produce fruits and seeds.

Question: 66

Define biogeography.

Answer: 66

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The study of the occurano and distribution of species in different geographical rigons of the world.

Question: 67

Define breathing?

Answer: 67

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The physical movement movement associated with gaseous exchange

Question: 68

What is the biosphere level?

Answer: 68

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The part of the Earth inhabited by organisms'communities is known as biosphere. It constitutes all ecosystems (areas where living organisms interact with the nonliving components of the environment) and is also called the zone of life on Earth.

Question: 69

Define Paleontology?

Answer: 69

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It is the study of fossils which are the remain of extinct organisms.

Question: 70

What is diaphragm?

Answer: 70

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It is a thick muscular, dome shaped structure present below the lungs. It helps in breathing.

Question: 71

_{Define cellular respiration?}

Answer: 71

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The process in which the C-H bond of food is broken down into CO2 and H2O by using oxygen by oxidation reduction reaction is called cellular respiration.

Question: 72

What do you mean by colony?Give Example.

Answer: 72

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Prdueing organisms which are genetically identical to one another.

Question: 73

What do you known about volvox?

Answer: 73

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volvox is a green alga found in water that showes colonial organization hundreds of volvox cells make a colony.

Question: 74

What is the significance of C-Shaped cartilaginous rings of trachea?

Answer: 74

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These prevent the trachea from collapsing

Question: 75

Define Anotomy?

Answer: 75

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The study of the structure of internal argon.

Question: 76

What is cell?

Answer: 76

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The cell is the basic structural functional and biological unit of all known living organism.A cell is the smallest unit of life.

Question: 77

What are alveoli?

Answer: 77

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These are cluster of pouches which form the respiratory surface in human body. Each alveolus is 3 sac like structure lined by a single layer of epithelial cells. It is bounded by a net-work of capillaries.

Question: 78

What are prokaryotes and eukaryotes?Give example.

Answer: 78

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The organisms in first group are made of cells of prokaryotes while other groups have eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have promin-ent nucleus while prokaryatic cell do not have prominent nucleus.

Question: 79

What do you meant by transpiration Explain it .

Answer: 79

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Transpiration is the loss of water from plant surface through evaporation . This loss may occur through stomatal in leaves through the cuticle present on leaf epidermis and through special opening called lenticels present in the stem of some plant . Most of transpiration occurs through stomata and is called stomatal transpiration

Question: 80

Define tissue?Give Example.

Answer: 80

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In nul Group of cells of the same type doing a particular job the grandular tissues,muscular tissue nervous tissue etc.

Question: 81

Define Genetics?

Answer: 81

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The study of inheritance the terms-mission of characters from one generation to the other.

Question: 82

Define organelle and cell level.

Answer: 82

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Microscopic structure which does a particular job in a cell,
Cell level:Cell are formed each type of organelle is specialized to perform a specific function.

Question: 83

Name parts of air passageways

Answer: 83

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Nose→Phyrnx→Larynx→Trachea→Bronchi→Bronchioles→

alveolar→ducts→alveoli

Question: 84

What is parasitology?

Answer: 84

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This branch deals with the study of parasites.Parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return,harm them.

Question: 85

What are causes of pneumonia?

Answer: 85

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Pneumonia is mostly caused by a bacterium streptococcus. It is also caused by virus or by fungal infection.

Question: 86

What do you mean by environmental biology?

Answer: 86

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It deals with the study of the interactions between the organisms and their environment.

Question: 87

What are symptoms of bronchitis?

Answer: 87

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Cough, Mild wheezing, Chills, Shortness of breath.

Question: 88

What is glottis?

Answer: 88

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Glottis is a narrow opening at the floe larynx through glottis.

Question: 89

Who many types of bronchitis?

Answer: 89

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It usually lasts about two weaks. It has no permanent damage.

Question: 90

What are parasite?

Answer: 90

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An organisms that live on or an another organisms and cause harm to it.

Question: 91

What structures are responsible for woody stems and mature roots?

Answer: 91

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Lenticels

Question: 92

What are lenticles?

Answer: 92

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In woody stems and mature roots. the gaseous exchange. So, there are certain p lenticles allow air to pass through it.

Question: 93

Define pulmonary and systematic circulation ?

Answer: 93

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Pulmonary circulation : The pathways on which deoxygenated blood is carried from the heart to the lungs and in return oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to heart is called pulmonary circulation

Question: 94

Define gaseous exchange?

Answer: 94

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The process of taking oxygen in and giving out CO2 is called gaseous exchange. It is of 2 types.

(i) Breathing

(ii) Cellular respiration

Question: 95

What is colonial organization?

Answer: 95

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Producing organisms which are genetically dentical to one another.

Question: 96

Define pressure and flow mechanism

Answer: 96

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In pressure-flow mechanism , food is moved from sources to sinks . At source (sugars) is moved by active transport into the sieve tubes of phloem . Due to the presence of sugar in sieve tubes , their solute concentration increases and water enters them from xylem (via osmosis) . This results in higher pressure of water in these tubes , which drives solution of food towards sink. At the sink end , food is unloaded by active transport . Water also exists from the seive tube . The exit of water decreases pressure in seive tubes , which causes a mass flow from the higher pressure at the source to the now lowered pressure at the sink

Question: 97

What are causes of bronchitis?

Answer: 97

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It is caused by viruses, bacteria or exposure to chemical irritants

Question: 98

Differential between inspiration and expiration

Answer: 98

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Intake of air from atmosphere into lungs is called inspiration and in expiration expelled out.

Question: 99

What are bronchiodilators?

Answer: 99

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These are chemicals which dilate the bronchioles. These are given to asthma patients in the form of inhalers.

Question: 100

Why do organisms need energy?

Answer: 100

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The organisms need energy in the form of ATP for their activities and processes.

Question: 101

What are bad effect of smoking?

Answer: 101

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Ans: (i) Smoking causes cancer in kidney oral Cavity, larynx, breast, bladder

(ii) Smoking effect air passage way.

(iii) Smoking effect circulatory system.

(iv) Smoking cause arteriosclerosis (Increase production of blood platelets) and narrowing the arteries.

Question: 102

What is bronchitis?

Answer: 102

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It is the inflammation of the bronchi & bronchioles. It result in more secretions of mucous int, these tubes. It leads to swelling of tubes.

Question: 103

Different between bronchi and bronchioles

Answer: 103

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Trachea divided into two branches which are called bronchi. Each bronchus further divided into very fine tubes called bronchioles.

Question: 104

What is larynx?

Answer: 104

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The upper most part of the trachea is fibrous bands called vocal cord. When air also called voice box.

Question: 105

What is pneumonia?

Answer: 105

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It is an infection of lungs. If it affects both Iungs is called double pneumonia

Question: 106

What are the causes of cancer?

Answer: 106

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(i) Smoking

(ii) Ionizing radiation

(iii) Viral infection

Question: 107

What is treatment of Asthma?

Answer: 107

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(i) Bronchiodilators(ii) Antibiotics

Question: 108

What are the symptoms of emphysema?

Answer: 108

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Shortness of breath, Fatigue, weight loss

Question: 109

What is epiglottis?

Answer: 109

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Ans: The glottis is guarded by a flap of tissues and it also prevents food to enter into larynx

Question: 110

What is the effect of smoking on teeth ?

Answer: 110

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Smoking causes weakening and staining of teeth . The loss of teeth is 2-3 times higher in smokes than in non-smokes

Question: 111

What is chronic bronchitis?

Answer: 111

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It usually last a about three months to two years and it is develop by bronchi

Question: 112

What is the rate of breathing during exercise?

Answer: 112

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30-40 times minute.

Question: 113

Where is located the respiratory centre?

Answer: 113

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It is located in the brain. It is sensitive to the concentration of CO₂

Question: 114

What are two phases of breathing?

Answer: 114

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(i) Inspiration

(ii) Expiation

Question: 115

What structure are responsible for gaseous exchange in leaves and young stems?

Answer: 115

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Stomata and Lenticels.

Question: 116

What is rate of breathing at rest?

Answer: 116

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16-20 times minute.

Question: 117

What are symptoms of Asthma?

Answer: 117

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Shortness of breath, Wheezing. Chronic cough. Tightness of chest.

Question: 118

How many different chemicals are found in cigarette smoke?

Answer: 118

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Over 4000

Question: 119

What is the treatment of Bronchitis?

Answer: 119

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Antibiotics are used to treat the patient.

Question: 120

What is passive smoking?What is its effect?

Answer: 120

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Inhalation of smoke from another's smoking, is known as passive smoking. It may cause lung cancer.

Question: 121

What are pleural membranes and pleural fluid?

Answer: 121

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Each lung is covered by outer and inner pleural membranes. Between these two membranes there is a pleural fluid which provides lubrication for expansion and contraction of lungs.

Question: 122

What are xerophytes and how they reduce water loss ?

Answer: 122

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Xerophytes are the plants which live in dry environment . They have thick , waxy cuticle over their epidermis and less number of stomata to reduce water loss from internal tissues

Question: 123

What are symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer: 123

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Cold that is followed by a high fever, shivering, cough with sputum production, Shortness of breath, skin purplish due to the poor oxygenation.

Question: 124

What is the major cause of emphysema?

Answer: 124

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Smoking.

Question: 125

What is treatment of pneumonia?

Answer: 125

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(i) Vaccines prevent pneumonia.

(ii) Antibiotics are used.

Question: 126

Name some respiratory disorders.

Answer: 126

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Bronchitis, Emphyseinar,Phneumonia, Asthma, Lung cancer etc.

Question: 127

What is difference between breathing and respiration?

Answer: 127

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Respiration and breathing are not the some process. Respiration is a mechanical and biochemical process while breathing is just a mechanical process.

Question: 128

What was contribution of Lamark in cell theory ?

Answer: 128

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In 1809 , De Lamark proposed that nobody can have life if its parts are not cellular tissues or are not formed by cellular tissues

Question: 129

Does smoking increases chances of tuberculosis and pneumonia ?

Answer: 129

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Yes , smoking increases chances of tuberculosis 2-4 times and pneumonia by 4 times

Question: 130

What is the treatment of emphysema?

Answer: 130

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Drug therapy , Antibiotics

Question: 131

Define thermoregulation

Answer: 131

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It is the maintenance of internal body temperature

Question: 132

Define osmosis ?

Answer: 132

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It is the movement of water from hypotonic solution to hypertonic solution through semi permeable membrane . Osmosis is the process which helps in opening and closing of stomata

Question: 133

What is lung cancer?

Answer: 133

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It is disease of uncontrolled cell divisions in tissue of lungs.

Question: 134

What is emphysema?

Answer: 134

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It is respiratory disorder in which break down of alveolar wall occur. It result in larger sac but with has surface area for gaseous exchange.

Question: 135

What is W.H.O ?

Answer: 135

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W.H.O means World Health Organization

Question: 136

What is the treatment of lungs cancer ?

Answer: 136

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1: Chemotherapy 2: Radiotherapy

Question: 137

How many carcinogens are found in cigarette smoke?

Answer: 137

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Over 50

Question: 138

What is light microscope?

Answer: 138

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The microscope which uses visible light through specimen to produce image

Question: 139

What are causes of asthma?

Answer: 139

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(i) Allergens.

(ii) Irritants

Question: 140

What are preventive measures of lung cancer?

Answer: 140

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1: Elimination of tobacco smoking

2: Cessation of smoking

Question: 141

How goosebumps formed ?

Answer: 141

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Goosebumps are formed by the contraction of small muscles attached at the base of hairs . It helps in thermoregulation by trapping air between hairs

Question: 142

Is hydrogen is the excretory product of plants?

Answer: 142

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No , hydrogen is not a excretory product of plant

Question: 143

What is Hilus ?

Answer: 143

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It is a depression near centre of the concave area of kidney through which ureter leaves kidney and other structures enter or leave kidney

Question: 144

What are the % ages of inspired air and expired air?

Answer: 144

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21 % 02 in inspired air 16 % 02 in expired air

Question: 145

What is chemical composition of cell membrane?

Answer: 145

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Chemically, cell membrane is normally composed of proteins and lipids with small quantities of carbohydrates.

Question: 146

What are allergens ?

Answer: 146

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Allergens are the chemical or substances that can irritate the respiratory that are called as allergens . For example pollens ,fragrant particles ,dust particles etc

Question: 147

Define Magnification and Resolving power?

Answer: 147

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Magnification: It is increase in apparent size of an object.

Question: 148

What is metabolic wastes

Answer: 148

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The waste produced during the metabolism of body . That may harm the body is called metabolic waste

Question: 149

Give mechanism of endocytosis .

Answer: 149

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It is movement of bulky material inside the cell

1: A portion of cell membrane invaginates

2: The material from outside is taken inside the invagination

3: The open ends of invagination seal forms small vesicle

Question: 150

What are causes of lung cancer?

Answer: 150

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(i) Carcinogens present in tobacco smoke

(ii) Ionizing radiations (iii)Viral infection

Question: 151

Define transpiration .

Answer: 151

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The loss of water in the form of vapours from the plant surface is called transpiration . It occurs through leaves

Question: 152

Define osmoregulation ?

Answer: 152

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It is the maintenance of the amounts of water and salts in body fluids . It is done by kidneys and skin

Question: 153

State cell theory?

Answer: 153

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Cell theory in its modern form , includes the following principles

1: All organisms are composed of one or more cells

Question: 154

What is location of kidney?

Answer: 154

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They are located against the back wall of abdominal cavity just below diaphragm , one on either side of vertebral column

Question: 155

What is the effect of monoxide present in tobacco smoke ?

Answer: 155

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Co in tobacco smoke decrease the O₂carrying capacity of heamoglobin

Question: 156

What is excretion ?

Answer: 156

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It is the elimination of metabolic wastes especially nitrogenous wastes (e.g urea ) from the body . It is done by urinary system

Question: 157

Differentiate between diffusion and filtration .

Answer: 157

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Diffusion :

1: The movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration across membrane is called diffusion

2: Gas exchange in gills and lungs operates by diffusion

Question: 158

What is pelvis ?

Answer: 158

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A funnel shaped cavity in the kidney is called pelvis .

Question: 159

What size weight of kidney ?

Answer: 159

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Length : 10cm

Width : 5cm

Thickness : 4cm

Weight : 120 g

Question: 160

Differentiate between primary growth and secondary growth .

Answer: 160

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Primary growth :

1: The total increase in length of plant is called primary growth

2: It is occurred by Apical meristems

Question: 161

What is asthma?

Answer: 161

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It is chronic inflammation of bronchi which results in swelling and narrowing of air passageways.

Question: 162

What is the pH of blood?

Answer: 162

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pH of blood is 7.35 to 7.45

Question: 163

Write the parts of urinary system ?

Answer: 163

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1: A pair of kidneys

2: A pair of ureters

3: A urinary bladder

4: A urethra

Question: 164

What is the importance of diffusion ?

Answer: 164

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It is one principle method of movement of molecules across cell membrane

1: CO₂ and O₂ molecule can cross cell membrane by diffusion

2: Gas exchange in gills and lungs operate by this process

Question: 165

Why the positively charged electrode is called anode in electrolytic cell ?

Answer: 165

165-1097

Positively charged electrode is called anode because it connected to the (+) terminal of the battery and all electrons move towards it as

2Cl^-➜Cl(g) + 2e^-

Question: 166

What is halophytes ?

Answer: 166

166-1097

Halophytes are the plants which live in sea water and are adapted to salty environment

Question: 167

Define Homeostasis ?

Answer: 167

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Homeostasis may be defined as the maintenance of internal conditions of body at equilibrium despite changes in the external environment

Question: 168

What is difference between strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte ?

Answer: 168

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Strong electrolyte:The electrolytes which ionize almost completely in Their aqueous solutions and produce more ions, are called strong electrolytes.

Question: 169

Write the function of kidney ?

Answer: 169

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Function of kidney :

1: It filters water, salts ,urea , uric acid etc from the blood and from urine

2: It maintains salts and water balance in body fluids

Question: 170

Which regards are used to test proteins , lipids m glucose , and starch

Answer: 170

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Macromolecules : Proteins , lipids , glucose (reducing sugar ),starch

Question: 171

What is composition of cytoplasm ?

Answer: 171

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It is a semi viscous and semi transparent substance containing organic molecules (Note. Carbohydrates. lipids) & inorganic salts completely or partially dissolved in it. Its funetio:1/4), act as sue for various reactions.

Question: 172

Write function of ureter .

Answer: 172

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Ureter in the tube which carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

Question: 173

What do you mean by sub cellular or a cellular particles?

Answer: 173

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According to first principle of cell theory all organisms are composed of one or more cells , Discovery of virus , prions ,and viroids claim that they are not composed of cells rather they are sub-cellular which do not run any metabolism . They show some characteristics of living organisms i-e they can increase in number and can transmit their characters to next generation . A cellular particles are not classified in any of the five kingdoms of organisms

Question: 174

What is chemical composition of cell wall?

Answer: 174

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Outer layer of cell wall is called primary wall consists of cellulose . Inner layer of wall consists of lignin and called is secondary cell wall

Question: 175

What is guttation ?

Answer: 175

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The removal of water in the form of drops through special pores present at leaf tips or edges called guttation

Question: 176

. What are three main steps of urine formation?

Answer: 176

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(i) Pressure filtration

(ii)Selective re-absorption

(iii)Tubuler Secretion

Question: 177

What are the functions of vitamin 'A' 'C' and 'D' ?

Answer: 177

177-1097

Vitamin 'A': It causes cell differentiation helps in growth , immunity , and helps in vision in dim light

Question: 178

Which system of human is called urinary system ?

Answer: 178

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The excretory system of human is the urinary system

Question: 179

Differentiate between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Answer: 179

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Diffusion :It is the movement of molecules from a an area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration i.e Alon concentration gradient

Question: 180

Explain function of lysosome.

Answer: 180

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A lysosome fuse with vacuole that contain targeted materials and its enzymes break down the material.

Question: 181

Does smoking effect only lungs ?

Answer: 181

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No, smoking may also effect other organs of body e.g kidneys, oral cavity , larynx , breast , bladder , pancreas etc

Question: 182

Why are strong electrolyte termed as good conductor ?

Answer: 182

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Electrolytes are good conductor because it completely ionized into its ions and it readily produced more ions as

NaOH (s)➜Na⁺(aq) +OH^- (aq)

Question: 183

What are papillary ducts?

Answer: 183

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Many collecting ducts join together to form several hundred papillary ducts

Question: 184

What are the homeostatic organs in man ?

Answer: 184

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Main homeostatic organs in man are :

1: Lungs

2: Skin

3: Kidneys

Question: 185

What is Science

Answer: 185

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Science is the study in which observations are made experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principles of nature

Question: 186

What is kidney failure?

Answer: 186

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It is partially or completely failure of kidney to function.

Question: 187

Explain fluid mosaic model ?

Answer: 187

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The fluid mosaic model explain the internal structure of cell membrane according to it cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer in which protein molecules are embedded . The lipid bilayer gives elasticity and fluidity to the cell membrane . Small amount of carbohydrates is also present which combines with protein to form Glycoprotein or with lipid to form Glycolipid . In some eukaryotes small amount of cholesterol is also present in lipid bilayer

Question: 188

From which food do we et vitamin 'C' ?

Answer: 188

188-1097

We get vitamin 'C' from citrus fruit , leafy green vegetables beef and liver .

Question: 189

What are pyramids ?

Answer: 189

189-1097

Renal medulla consists of several cone shaped areas , which bare called pyramids

Question: 190

Difference between Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule

Answer: 190

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Glomerulus : Glomerulus is a network of capillaries present inside the Bowman's capsule

Question: 191

Do non-electrolytes do not form ions in solution ?

Answer: 191

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No non-electrolytes do not form ions in solution

Question: 192

What are characteristics of cell wall?

Answer: 192

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(i) Cell wall is non-living structure.

(ii) It is strong component.

iii) located outside plasma membrane.

(iv) - provides shape, strength, support and protection to cell.

Question: 193

Differentiate between Morphology and physiology

Answer: 193

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Morphology: This branch deals with the study of form and structures of living organisms

Question: 194

What is difference between meristematic and permanent tissues ?

Answer: 194

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1: Meristematic tissues have cells which have ability to divide

2: It is of two types

. Apical meristems

. Lateral meristems

3: They help in growth

Question: 195

What are bio element?

Answer: 195

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Element that make the body of living organisms.

Question: 196

What is renal cortex ?

Answer: 196

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Renal cortex is the outer part of kidney and has reddish colour

Question: 197

Write down the function of xylem and phloem tissues .

Answer: 197

197-1097

Xylem tissues : Xylem tissues are responsible for the conduction of water from roots to the aerial parts of a plant . It also consists of secondary cell wall which is hard due to the presence of lignin so it is also function to support the plant body

Question: 198

What type of reaction takes place at anode in electrolytic cell?

Answer: 198

198-1097

Oxidation reaction takes place at anode .Anode is a positive charge electrode the atom on this electrode release electron as

2Cl^- (l)➜ Cl²(g) + 2e^-

Question: 199

From which food do we get vitamin 'D'?

Answer: 199

199-1097

We get vitamin D from fish liver oil ,milk , ghee and butter . It is also synthesized by skin . When ultraviolet (UV) radiations from sun are used to convert a compound into vitamin D

Question: 200

What is the colour and shape of kidneys ?

Answer: 200

200-1097

Colour : Dark-red

Shape : Bean - shape

Question: 201

What is the shape of cathode in Nelson's cell ? Why is it perforated ?

Answer: 201

201-1097

In nelson's cell cathode is made of iron and have U-shaped . It is perforated because extra brine or NaOH can be easily separated

Question: 202

What is a renal tube ? What are its parts ?

Answer: 202

202-1097

It is the part of nephron which starts after Bowman's capsule

Its parts are:

a: Proximal convoluted tubule

b: Loop of henle

c: Distal convoluted tubule

Question: 203

What are the types of coordination organisms ?

Answer: 203

203-1097

Nervous coordination such coordination which is done by nervous system. Chemical coordination such coordination which is done by endocrine system

Question: 204

Why is meat not considered a good source of vitamin C

Answer: 204

204-1097

Minute quantities of vitamin C are present in muscles . Since meat consists of muscles so it is not a good source of vitamin 'C'

Question: 205

What will happen if an animal is placed hypertonic cell?

Answer: 205

205-1097

When cell is placed in hypertonic environment , the water from cell moves out due to osmosis and cell shrinks in size

Question: 206

What is the name of by-product produced in Downs's cell?

Answer: 206

206-1097

The name of the by-product produced in Down Cell is Chlorine gas (Cl2).

Question: 207

What is nephron ?

Answer: 207

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Nephron is the structural and functional unit of kidney

Question: 208

What are excretory products of plants ?

Answer: 208

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The excretory products of plants include extra carbon dioxide , oxygen , water resins , gums mucilages , latx etc

Question: 209

Differentiate eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?

Answer: 209

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Eukaryoticcell:

1: The organisms having eukaryotic cell is called as eukaryotes

2: Eukaryotic cells have prominent nucleus

Question: 210

Are anodes of downs cell and Nelson cell made of same element?If yes, what is it name

Answer: 210

210-1097

Yes anode of downs cell and Nelson cell made of same element. its name is -graphite

Question: 211

What is renal medulla ?

Answer: 211

211-1097

Renal medulla is the inner part of kidney part of kidney and is pale red in colour

Question: 212

Define Anatomy

Answer: 212

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The study of internal structures is called anatomy

Question: 213

What are coordination ?

Answer: 213

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These are the organs that receive information from receptors and send messages to particular organs for proper action . Brain and spinal cord are coordinators in case of nervous coordination and endocrine , glands are coordinators in chemical coordination

Question: 214

How much water is present in human body?

Answer: 214

214-1097

Approximately 60% of the adult human body is composed of water.

Question: 215

Where does the sodium metal is collected in Down's cell ?

Answer: 215

215-1097

Na⁺ are reduced at cathode and molten Na metal floats on the denser molten salts mixture from where it is collected in aside tube

2Na⁺ (l) + 2e^-➜2Na (l)

Question: 216

What is function of cytoplasm ?

Answer: 216

216-1097

Function :

1: It provides space for the proper functioning of organelles

2: It acts as size for various biochemical reactions such as glycolysis which occurs in cytoplasm

Question: 217

What is the significance of coordination ?

Answer: 217

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It enables the organisms to respond properly to stimuli . It helps to maintain internal condition which is done by endocrine system

Question: 218

What is the signification of water in humans?

Answer: 218

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Water functions as the environment in which water-soluble foodstuff is absorbed in the intestines and waste product are eliminated in urine. Water maintains body temperature through evaporation. Nearly all life-sustaining chemical reactions requires an aqueous (watery) environment.

Question: 219

Explain working of Na⁺ .K⁺ pump.

Answer: 219

219-1097

In nerve cell membrane , Na+ is maintained at lower concentration inside the cell . So it is actively moved out by using ATP . While K⁺ are moved inside . So it is an example of active transport

Question: 220

What are the functions of leucoplasts and chromoplasts?

Answer: 220

220-1097

Leucoplasts :

(i) They contain pigments associated with bright colors and are present in the cells of flow petals and fruits.

(ii) Their function is to give colors to these parts and thus help in pollination and dispersal fruit.

Chromoplasts: Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in eukaryotes. They contain chlorophyll (the gre, pigment necessary for photosynthesis) and associated pigments. These pigments are present the thylakoids of grana.

Question: 221

What is plasmolysis ?

Answer: 221

221-1097

In a hypertonic environment of plant cell loses water and cytoplasm shrinks . The shrinking of cytoplasm is called plasmolysis

Question: 222

Define Entomology

Answer: 222

222-1097

Entomology is the study of insects like Cockroaches aunts etc

Question: 223

Write symptoms of kidney stones.

Answer: 223

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(i) Severe pain in kidney

(ii) Vomiting

(iii) Frequent urination

(iv) Foul- smelling urine

(v) Blood and pus in urine

Question: 224

What are parasites

Answer: 224

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Parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm their hosts lives

Question: 225

In the electrolysis of water , where is the oxygen produced ?

Answer: 225

225-1097

In the electrolysis of water oxygen produced at anode as

4OH- (aq)➜ 2H₂O(l) + O₂(g)+4e^-

Question: 226

In the electrolysis of water , towards which terminal H⁺ions move ?

Answer: 226

226-1097

In the electrolysis of water (H₂O )+or H⁺ions (hydronium) move towards the cathode

H⁺ + 1e^- (H)

Question: 227

How stones are formed in kidney?

Answer: 227

227-1097

When urine becomes concentrated, crystals of calcium oxalate, calcium and ammonium phosphate, uric acid etc. are formed in it. Such large crystals cannot pass in urine and form hard deposits called kidney stones.

Question: 228

What is collecting duct?

Answer: 228

228-1097

The distal convoluted tubules of many nephrons open in a single opening which collect the material, this opening is called collecting duct

Question: 229

Towards which electrode of the electrolytic cell moves the cation and what does they do there ?

Answer: 229

229-1097

Cation carry positive charge they move towards the cathode in an electrolytic cell, they gain electrons at cathode an oxidized

Question: 230

Differentiate between Environmental Biology and Cell Biology

Answer: 230

230-1097

Environmental Biology: The study of interaction of organisms and their environments is called environmental biology

Alternative term for Environmental Biology is Ecology

Question: 231

Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis .

Answer: 231

231-1097

Diffusion : It is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration e.g along concentration gradient

Question: 232

What type of reaction takes place in electrolytic cell?

Answer: 232

232-1097

In electrolytic cell non-spontaneous reaction takes place

Question: 233

Which two components of food are not considered as nutrients ?

Answer: 233

233-1097

Water and dietary fibres are not considered as nutrients , but they do play important role in life

Question: 234

Define osmosis

Answer: 234

234-1097

It is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from solution of lesser solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration filtrations

Question: 235

What is difference between Zoology and Botary

Answer: 235

235-1097

Zoology: The major division of biology which deals with the study of deals animals is called Zoology

Question: 236

Differentiate between primary and secondary cell walls .

Answer: 236

236-1097

Primary cell : The outer layer of plant cell wall is called primary cell wall and cellulose is major component it

Question: 237

Which ions are discharged at Cathode in Nelson's cell and what is produced at Cathode?

Answer: 237

237-1097

H⁺ ions are discharged at cathode in Nelson's cell and hydrogen gas produced, at cathode

2H⁺ + 2e^-➜ H2

Question: 238

What is coordination ?

Answer: 238

238-1097

The tissues or organs in body of multicellular , organisms work together performing their task as the needs of the whole body . This is called coordination . It has two types

1: Chemical coordination

2: Nervous coordination

Question: 239

What are the symptoms of kidney failure?

Answer: 239

239-1097

Symptoms of kidney failure

(i) High level of urea

(ii) Vomiting

(iii) Nausea

(iv) Weight loss

(v) Frequent urination

(vi) Blood in urine

(vii) Swelling of legs, feet and face

(viii) Shortness of breath

Question: 240

What is meant by molecular biology

Answer: 240

240-1097

The study of molecules of life is called molecujlar biology like Protein carbohydrates

Question: 241

Give function of urinary bladder .

Answer: 241

241-1097

It temporarily stores urine until it is released from body

Question: 242

How does vitamin 'A' help in vision ?

Answer: 242

242-1097

Vitamin 'A' combines with a protein called opsin to form rhodospin in the rod cells of the retina of eye . When vitamin A is adequate , the lack of rhdospin makes it difficult to see in dim light .

Question: 243

Name the methods for the treatment of kidney failure?

Answer: 243

243-1097

(i) Dialysis (a) Peritoneal dialysis (b) Haemodialysis

(ii) Kidney transplant

Question: 244

What are the leading causes of kidney failures?

Answer: 244

244-1097

(i) Diabetes mellitus

(ii) Hypertension

(iii) Interruption in blood supply to kidney

(iv) Over dosage of medicines

Question: 245

Name any four careers in Bioogy

Answer: 245

245-1097

Medicine, Fisheries, Agriculture, Aimal Husbandry

Question: 246

What is difference between Karyokinesis and cytokinesis

Answer: 246

246-1097

Karyokinesis : The division of nucleus is called Karyokinesis. It is the phase of mitotic phase .

Question: 247

From which foods do we get vitamin 'A'?

Answer: 247

247-1097

We get vitamin 'A' from leafy vegetables (spinach , carrots) yellow/ orange fruits ,liver, eggs, milk , butter

Question: 248

Which force drives the non-spontaneous reaction to take place?

Answer: 248

248-1097

Non-spontaneous reactions are those which take place in the presence of an external agent. Those external agents arc electrons that cause electricity. So electric energy helps the non-spontaneous reaction to proceed

Question: 249

What is reverse osmosis ?

Answer: 249

249-1097

In advanced water-treatment technologies , membrane -based filtration systems are used . In this process , semi-permeable membranes separate salts from water (reverse osmosis )

Question: 250

Differentiate between Microbiology and Morphology

Answer: 250

250-1097

Microbiology; Microbiology is a major division of biology which deals with the study of micro organisms such as bacteria's viruses, protozoa etc

Question: 251

Ware are receptors ? Give example .

Answer: 251

251-1097

Cells , tissues or organs of body which detect stimuli are called receptors e.g sound waves are detected by ear , light is detected by eyes, taste is detected by taste buds on tongue

Question: 252

What are the major causes of kidney stones?

Answer: 252

252-1097

(i) Diet containing more greeny vegetables, salts etc.

(ii) Recurring urinary tract infections.

(iii) Less intake of water.

(iv) Alcohol consumption.

Question: 253

Anode of down cell is made of a non-metal , what is its name ? What is the function of this anode ?

Answer: 253

253-1097

In down cell , there is a large block of graphite , which act as anode . The Cl^-1 ions are oxidizes there produced Cl₂ gas at anode

Question: 254

Describe the structure and function of Golgi apparatus and lysosomes .

Answer: 254

254-1097

Golgi apparatus: An Italian physician Camillo Golgi discovered a set of flattened sacs (cisternae) in cell . In this set , many cisternae are stacked over each other . The complete set of cisternae is called Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex

Question: 255

What is Immunology

Answer: 255

255-1097

Immunology is the branch of biology which deals with the study of the immune system of animals which defends the body against invading microbes

Question: 256

What is response ?

Answer: 256

256-1097

A response is the action performed by effectors in receiving the message from coordination e.g with drawl of hand from hot object

Question: 257

Differentiate between Cell Biology and Histology

Answer: 257

257-1097

Call Biology: The study of the structures and functions of cells and cell organelles is called cell biology This branch also deals with the study of cell division

Question: 258

Differentiate between Morphology and Histology

Answer: 258

258-1097

Morphology: Morphology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of form and structure of organisms

Question: 259

What is metastasis ? Write role in cancer

Answer: 259

259-1097

The process in which maligant cells (tumors) send the cancer to the parts of body (spreading of disease )

Question: 260

What are deficiency symptoms of vitamin A,C,D ?

Answer: 260

260-1097

Vitamin 'A' : It's deficiency cause poor growth , night blindness and dry skin

Question: 261

What is Peritoneum?

Answer: 261

261-1097

It is the membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity and contains blood vessels.

Question: 262

What is Farming

Answer: 262

262-1097

It deals with the development and maintenance of different type of farm For example in some farms animal breeding technologies are used for the production of animals which are better protein and milk source In poultry farms chicken and effs are produced Similarly in fruit farms different fruit yielding plants are grown A studding who has gone through the professional course of agriculture animal husbandry or fisheries can adopt this profession.

Question: 263

What are functions of centriole?

Answer: 263

263-1097

They help in formation of spindle fibers during cell division.

(ii) They also form cilia (in paramecium). and flagella.

Question: 264

Differentiate between Endocytosis and Exocytosis .

Answer: 264

264-1097

Endocytosis: It is the process of cellular ingestion of bulky materials by the in folding of the cell membrane

This process lost the part of cell membrane

There are two types of endocytosis

1: phagocytosis 2: pinocytosis

Question: 265

Define necrosis

Answer: 265

265-1097

Necrosis is accompanied by release of special enzymes from lysosomes the lysosomes enzymes break cellular components and may also be released outside the cells . The cells dead by necrosis and can produce harmful chemicals that damage the other cells

Question: 266

What do you mean by Parasitology and biotechnology

Answer: 266

266-1097

parasitology: Parasitology deals with the study of parasites like study of plasmodium

Question: 267

What are effectors ? Give example .

Answer: 267

267-1097

These are the parts of body which receive messages from coordination and produce particular response , e.g muscles and glands

Question: 268

What are Schwann cells?What is their role?

Answer: 268

268-1097

These are special neuroglial cell located along axons and secrete myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is an insulator,

Question: 269

Differentiate between skeletal muscles and smooth muscles .

Answer: 269

269-1097

Skeletal muscles : These are striated muscles attached to the bones and contain many nuclei . They are responsible for the movement . They are voluntary means their movement is under our will

Question: 270

From which two Greek words the word Biology is made

Answer: 270

270-1097

The word biology is derived from two Greek words i.e bios meaning life and logos meaning thought or reasoning

Question: 271

Write the difference between physiology and taxonomy

Answer: 271

271-1097

The difference between physiology and taxonomy is given below

Question: 272

What are the afferent and efferent arterioles ?

Answer: 272

272-1097

Afferent arterioles from glomerulus's . Efferent arterioles from glomerulus

Question: 273

What do you mean by Horticulture an how it is related to Agriculture

Answer: 273

273-1097

Horticulture Horticulture profession includes the art of gardening It is related to agriculture because a horticulturist works for the betterment of existing varieties and for the production of new varieties of or amential plants and fruit plants

Question: 274

What are the functions of hypothalamus?

Answer: 274

274-1097

i. Links nervous system and exocrine system

ii. Controls pituitary gland

iii. Metabolic processes

iv. Controls feelings, like rage and, pleasure and sorrow

Question: 275

Define ribosome , write their function and structure .

Answer: 275

275-1097

These are tiny granular structures that are either floating freely in cytoplasm or are bound to endoplasmic reticulum . These are the sites for protein synthesis . These are made of almost equal amount of proteins and ribosomal RNA

Question: 276

Define Biochemistry and Morphology

Answer: 276

276-1097

Biochemistry Biochemistry deals with the study of the chemistry of different compounds and chemical reactions occurring in living organisms

Question: 277

What are plasmodesmata ? Where are these found in cell?

Answer: 277

277-1097

There are pores in the cell walls of adjacent cells , through which their cytoplasm is connected . These pores are called plasmodesmata

Question: 278

Write names of three main division of bioology

Answer: 278

278-1097

Three main divisions of biology are given below

Question: 279

What is neuron or nerve cell , name its types nervous system ?

Answer: 279

279-1097

Neuron is the structural and functional unit of nervous system Types 1: Sensory neuron 2: Motor neuron 3: Inter neuron

Question: 280

What is stimulus ? Give example

Answer: 280

280-1097

Any change in external or internal environment which can provoke a response is called stimulus e.g heat ,cold , pressure , sound , waves etc

Question: 281

Write achievements of Bu Ali Sine in Biology

Answer: 281

281-1097

He is honored as the founder of medicine and called as Avicenna in the west He was a physician philosopher astronomer and poet One of his books Al Qanoon fil-tib is known as canon of medicine in west

Question: 282

Define nerve impulse ?

Answer: 282

282-1097

A nerve is waves of electrochemical changes which travels along the length of neurons

Question: 283

What is meant by pharmacology

Answer: 283

283-1097

Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on the system of the human body

Question: 284

Where does cytoplasm lies ? Which organic molecules are in it ?

Answer: 284

284-1097

Cytoplasm is present between plasma membrane and nuclear membrane or envelope . It contains organic molecules like proteins , carbohydrates and lipids

Question: 285

What are the components of coordinated action?

Answer: 285

285-1097

1: Stimulus

2:Receptor

3: Coordinator

4: Effector

5: Response

Question: 286

What is meant by Taxonomy

Answer: 286

286-1097

Taxonomy It is the study of the naming and classification of organisms into groups and subgroups

Question: 287

What type of cell division occur during wounds healing?

Answer: 287

287-1097

Mitosis occurs when our wounds are healed.

Question: 288

Define Biometery

Answer: 288

288-1097

Biometry: It deals with the study of biological processes using mathematical techniques and tools

Question: 289

What do you know about the profession Agriculture

Answer: 289

289-1097

Agriculture profession deals with the food crops and the animals which are the source of food An agriculturist works for the battement of Crops like wheat nce corn etc and animals like buffalo cow etc from which we get food in Pakistan there are many universities which offer professional courses on agriculture

Question: 290

What are interneurpns?

Answer: 290

290-1097

IN(s) from brain and spinal cord. These neurons receive information, interpret, them and stimulate motor neurons.

Question: 291

What is the shape of cathode in Nelson's cell?Why is it perforated?

Answer: 291

291-1097

Ans: In Nelson's cell cathode is perforated U-Shaped. It is made perforated so that the solution of sodium hydroxide is formed in it can slowly percolate into a catch basin.

Question: 292

Define Biotechnology

Answer: 292

292-1097

Biotechnology deals with the practical application of the living organisms to make substances for the welfare of making i.e the production of insulin from bacteria

Question: 293

What are parasities

Answer: 293

293-1097

Parasites: parasites are the organism that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm them

Question: 294

What is the role of thalamus?

Answer: 294

294-1097

Relay centre between parts of brain & spinal cord receives and modifies sensory impulses before they travel to cerebrum. Pain perception and consciousness.

Question: 295

What is meant by fossiles

Answer: 295

295-1097

Fossils are dead remains of extinct organisms and the study of fossils is called paleontology

Question: 296

Define Genes

Answer: 296

296-1097

Genes is unit inheritance It transform genetic informations from one generation to next generation

Question: 297

Define turgor pressure and turgor .

Answer: 297

297-1097

In hypothesis solution the outward pressure on cell wall exerted by internal water is known as turgor pressure and the phenomenon is turgor

Question: 298

Why cell membrane is called semi permeable membrane ?

Answer: 298

298-1097

Cell membrane functions as a semi-permeable barrier , allowing a very few molecules across it while fencing the majority of chemicals inside cell . In this way , cell membrane maintains the internal composition of cells

Question: 299

Name the parts of hind brain.

Answer: 299

299-1097

Medulla oblongata

ii. Cerebellum

iii. Pons

Question: 300

What errors may occur in mitosis ?

Answer: 300

300-1097

Errors in the control of mitosis may cause cancer . All cells have genes that control the timing and number of mitosis . Sometimes mutation occur in such genes and cells continue to divide . It results in growth of abnormal cells called tumor

Question: 301

What is meant by Bioeconomics

Answer: 301

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Bioecomics deals with the study of organisms from economical point of view For example the cost value and economical point of view For example the cost value and profit value of the yield of wheat can be calculated through bioeconomic

Question: 302

Differentiate between phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Answer: 302

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Phagocytosis : The process by which a cell , such as a white blood cell , ingests microorganisms , other cells ,and foreign particles

Question: 303

What is the difference between cell membrane and plasma membrane ?

Answer: 303

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Cell membrane : When we talk about all the membranes of a cell , we say them as cell membrane

Question: 304

Differentiate between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins .

Answer: 304

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Fat soluble vitamins :

1: Cooking or heating destroy them less readily

2: These are much less excreted from the body , so their deficiency in body is less common

Question: 305

Write the function of guard cell?

Answer: 305

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Stomata in leaf epidermis are surrounded by guard cells . During daytime guards cells are making glucose and so are hypertonic (have higher concentration of glucose ) than their nearby epidermis cells . Water enters them from other cells and they swell . In this form they assume a rigid bowed shape and a pore is created between them . At night when there is low solute concentration in guard cells , water leaves them and they become flaccid . In this form both guard cells rest against one another and the opening is closed

Question: 306

How is cytokinesis different in plant cells as compare the to animal cells?

Answer: 306

306-1097

Cytokiaesis in plant cells: .

Crokinesis in plant cells occurs differently. Vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus ore a t middle of cell and fuse to form a membrane-bounded disc called cell plate or phragmoplast. The grows outs and and more vesicles fuse with it. Finally, membranes of cell plate fuse wide as membrane and its contents join the parental cell wall. The result is two daughter cells, each bounded its own plasma membrane and cell wall.

Question: 307

Write down the names of two types of simple tissues .

Answer: 307

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There are two types of simple tissues

1: Meristematic tissues 2: Permanent tissues

Question: 308

Why endoplasmic reticulum is called rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum ? Or how RER is differ from SER ?

Answer: 308

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RER: Because of its rough appearance due to numerous ribosome that are attached to it ( Endoplasmic reticulum )

SER : Because of its smooth appearance due to absence of ribosome in ER

Question: 309

How the half-cells of a galvanic-cell are connected ? What is the function of salt-bridge ?

Answer: 309

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The two half-cell of the galvanic cell are connected by salt bridge , salt bridge is used to maintain the flow of ionic current and the electric neutrality

Question: 310

What is meant by passive diffusion ?

Answer: 310

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This type of diffusion in which molecules differ from membrane slowly without the expenditure of energy called passive diffusion

Question: 311

What is metaphase plate ?

Answer: 311

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The chromosomes arrange in cell equator and form a plate called a metaphase plate .

Question: 312

Define physiology and anatomy

Answer: 312

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Physiology: This branch deals with the study of the functions of different parts of living organisms

Question: 313

Differentiate between diploid and haploid cells.

Answer: 313

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Diploid

It means the cells in which chromosomes are in pairs

Example: in somatic cells.

Question: 314

What is difference between bengin and malignant tumor ?

Answer: 314

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Bengin tumor :

1: The tumor which is localized is called bengin

2: The cells of cancer do not invade other tissues of body

Question: 315

Define genetics and embryology

Answer: 315

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Genetics: The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called genetics inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other

Question: 316

What is meant by tumors ?

Answer: 316

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Sometimes mutation occur in such genes and cell contain to divide it results in growth of abnormal cells called tumors

Question: 317

Describe Animal Husbandry as career in biology

Answer: 317

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Animal Husbandry: It is the branch of agriculture concerned with the care and breeding of domestic animals

Question: 318

Describe G1 phase ?

Answer: 318

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After production , cell starts cell cycle with G1 phase . During G1 , cell increases its supply proteins , increase number of its organelles and grow in size . This is marked by synthesis enzymes which are required in next phase

Question: 319

what is meant by supporting tissues in plants ?

Answer: 319

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Supporting tissues provide strength and flexibility to the plant body

Question: 320

What is dialysis?What are its types?

Answer: 320

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It is the cleaning of blood by artificial methods. (i) Peritoneal dialysis (ii) Haemodialysis

Question: 321

What are the parts of neurons ?

Answer: 321

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Neurons consists of two parts cell body and fibers . Cell body consists of nucleus and cytoplasm . Fibers are of two types , dendrites and axons

Question: 322

two functions perform by cell membrane .

Answer: 322

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Cell membrane functions as a semi-permeable barrier , allowing a very few molecules across it while fencing the majority of chemicals inside cell . In this way cell membrane maintains the internal composition of cells

Question: 323

What is the composition of PNS?

Answer: 323

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It is composed of nerves and ganglia. Nerves are of mo tspes, spinal and cranial nerves.

Question: 324

Why is Jabir Bin Hayan famous

Answer: 324

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Jabir Bin Hayman: Jabir Bin Hayman was born in Iran He introduced experimental investigation in chemistry and also wrote a number of book on plants and animals His famous books are Al Napata and Al Hayman

Question: 325

What is phragmoplast ?

Answer: 325

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In plant cell , during cytokinesis , vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus move to the middle of cell and fuse to form a membrane bounded disc called cell plate or phragmoplast

Question: 326

Name the parts of forebrain

Answer: 326

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i. Thalamus

ii. Hypothalamus

Question: 327

Define Biophysics

Answer: 327

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Biophysics: It deals with the study of principles of physics which are applicable to biological phenomena

Question: 328

What is centromere ? The point at which two sister chromotids are attached is called

Answer: 328

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The point at which two sister chromatids are attached is called centromere

Question: 329

Define nerve. What are its types?

Answer: 329

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A nerve is formed by union' of several axons that are enveloped by lipid layer. Types: nerves i. Sensoryrves Motor nerves iii. Mixed nerves

Question: 330

What is centrosomes ?

Answer: 330

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In animal cell two centrioles are present to the exterior of nuclear envelope . Two centrioles are collectively called centrosomes . Their function is to help in the formation of spindle fibers during cell division

Question: 331

What is retina?

Answer: 331

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It is inner layer of eye ball. It contains rods and cones and associated neurons.

Question: 332

Define Socio-biology

Answer: 332

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Socio biology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of social behavior of animals that make societies

Question: 333

Define apoptosis .

Answer: 333

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Apoptosis is one of the main types of programmed cells death , during apoptosis , cells shrinks and becomes rounded due to the breakdown of cytoskeleton by enzymes . It chromatin undergoes condensation and nuclear envelope breaks

Question: 334

What are sensory neurons?

Answer: 334

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SN(s) conduct sensory information from receptors to CNS, SN(s) have one dendrite and one axon.

Question: 335

What is microscopy ? And who discovered the first microscope ?

Answer: 335

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The use of microscope is known as microscopy . The first compound microscope was developed by Zacharias Janssen , in Holland in 1595 . It was simply a tube with lenses at each end and its magnification ranged from 3X to 9X

Question: 336

Differentiate mitosis and meiosis .

Answer: 336

336-1097

Mitosis:

1: It takes place in somatic cell

2: It results in two daughter cell

3: No crossing over takes place

4: No. of chromosomes remain same as in parent cell

Question: 337

Define pharmacology and immunology

Answer: 337

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Pharmacology: Pharmacology deals with the study of medicines and their effects on the body of living organisms

Question: 338

What is the role of medulla' oblongata?

Answer: 338

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i. Controls breathing, heart rate and blood pressure.

ii. Controls vomiting. coughing sneezing.

Question: 339

Write twoi uses of surgery

Answer: 339

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In surgery the parts of the body may be repaired

In surgery the parts of the body may be removed

Question: 340

Define G2 phase .

Answer: 340

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In this phase , a cell prepares protein that are essential for mitosis . After G2 phase of interphase cell enters the division phase

Question: 341

1: Name the lobes of cerebrum (cerebral cortex)

Answer: 341

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: i. Frontal

ii. Occipital

iii. Parietal

iv. Temporal.

Question: 342

Differentiate between bleds and apoptotic body .

Answer: 342

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Bleds : In apoptosis , cell membrane makes buds which is filled with chromatin bodies them called bleds

Question: 343

Which reactions proceed faster?Enzymes or non-enzymatic

Answer: 343

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Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of time faster than those of comparable uncatalysed reaction.

Question: 344

Name famous books of jabar Bin Hayan and Abdul Malik Asmal

Answer: 344

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Al-Nabatat and Al-Hayman are written by jabir Bin-Hayan Famous books written by Abdul Malik Asma were Al-abil Camel Al khail Horses Al Whoosh animal

Question: 345

What is synapsis ?

Answer: 345

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The homologous chromosomes line up with each other and form pairs by process called synapsis

Question: 346

What are the functions of spinal cord?

Answer: 346

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i. It serves as a link between body parts and brain. ii. It acts as a coordinating centre, responsible for simple reflexes

Question: 347

What is the function of neuron ?

Answer: 347

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Neuron conduct impulses from receptors to coordinators and from coordinators to-effectors

Question: 348

What is S-phase ?

Answer: 348

348-1097

In this phase , cell duplicates its chromosomes . As a result each chromosomes consists of two sister chromatids

Question: 349

Define Metabolism.

Answer: 349

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The set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organism in order to maintain life is called metabolism.

Types: They are two types of metabolism

(i) Anabolism (ii) Catabolism I.

Question: 350

Define meiosis

Answer: 350

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Meiosis is the process by which one diploid eukaryotic cell divide to generate four 11,04 daughter cells. It usually happens during gamete formation.

Question: 351

Define myopia (short sight) . How this problem is corrected ?

Answer: 351

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The elongation of eye ball results in myopia such persons are not able o see distant objects clearly .This image of a distant object is formed behind retina . This problem can be corrected by using convex lens

Question: 352

Is it possible to reverse the events of the cell cycle ?

Answer: 352

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The events of cell cycle are ordered and directional i-e each event occurs in a sequential fashion and it is impossible to ' reverse' the cycle

Question: 353

Write down the levels of organization is sequence

Answer: 353

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Sub atomic and Atomic level, Molecular level, Organelle and cell level, Tissue level, Organ and Organ system level. Organism level, Population level, Community level, Biosphere level

Question: 354

What are motor neurons?

Answer: 354

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MN(s) carry information from interneurons to effectors.

Question: 355

Nucleus is visible in interphase while chromosomes are only visible in cell division stage . Why is that?

Answer: 355

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Nuclear membrane breaks during cell division so there is no distinct nucleus . In interphase nuclear material is in the form of the chromatin which condenses during prophase to get the shape of chromosomes

Question: 356

What is the function of lens of eye?

Answer: 356

356-1097

It focuses light on retina and produce image an it.

Question: 357

What are plastids ? Name their kind .

Answer: 357

357-1097

Plastids are also membrane bounded organelle present in plants and photosynthesis protists

Question: 358

What is Biogeography

Answer: 358

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Biogeography is the study of occurrence and distribution of different species of living organisms in different geographical regions of the world It applies the knowledge of the characteristics of particular geographical regions to determine the characteristics of living organisms found there

Question: 359

What is G0 phase ?

Answer: 359

359-1097

In multicellular eukaryotes , cells enter G0 phase from G1 and stop dividing . Some cells permanently in Go and some semi permanently neurons and cells of liver , kidney respectively . Epithelial cells do not enter in Go phase in whole life of organisms

Question: 360

What is the optimum temperature for human enzymes?

Answer: 360

360-1097

The optimum temperature for the maximum working speed of human enzymes in 37°C.

Question: 361

Define Reflex arc.

Answer: 361

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It is the nerve pathway over which nerve impulse travels in a reflex action

Question: 362

What is the difference between meiosis and meiosis 1 ?

Answer: 362

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Meiosis :

1: Ni pairing of homologus chromosomes

2: Single chromosomes align to form metaphase plate

3: Daughter cell contain diploid number of chromosomes

Question: 363

What are the major parts of brain?

Answer: 363

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i. Forebrain

ii. Midbrain

iii. Hind brain

Question: 364

What is brain stem?

Answer: 364

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The medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain connect the rest of brain to spinal cord collectively called brain stem

Question: 365

Define reproduction

Answer: 365

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Reproduction is a biological process by which living things produce the individuals of the same species i-e the next generation of species

The most basic characteristics of life is reproduction , reproduction occurs at different levels of organizations . Parts of cell such as chromosomes produce new chromosomes ,cells produce new cells this all involve in reproduction

Question: 366

Define ganglion

Answer: 366

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Cell bodies of many neurons, form a group enveloped by a membrane. Phis is called ganglion.

Question: 367

What is binary fission ?

Answer: 367

367-1097

It is a process in which It is the generation in which one organisms divide into two organisms

Question: 368

Are all biochemical catalysts proteins?

Answer: 368

368-1097

All biochemical catalysts are not proteins, for example some RNA molecules also catalyze reactions

Question: 369

What is the main use of enzymes in paper industry?

Answer: 369

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Paper Industry: Enzyme break starch to lower its viscosity that aids in making paper.

Question: 370

Define deafness ?

Answer: 370

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It is a state in which hearing is not possible

Question: 371

Define saltatory impulse. What its importance?

Answer: 371

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In myelinated neurons, impulse jumps over the areas without myelin going from node to node. Such impulse is called saltatory impulses. It increases the speed of nerve impulse.

Question: 372

Differentiate between anabolism and catabolism

Answer: 372

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Anabolism

includes the biochemical reactions in which larger molecules are reactions in which larger molecules are it synthesized. Energy is utilized in broken down. Usually energy is released in anabolism_ catabolism.

Examaple: Photosynthesis

Question: 373

What is difference between interface and inter phase 2 ?

Answer: 373

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inter phase : Inter phase has S phase to duplicate chromosomes

Question: 374

What is Difference between disjunction and non-disjunction?

Answer: 374

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Disjunction:The normal separation of chromosomes or sister chromatin in meiosis is known as disjunction For example : In normal separation 56 chromosomes are present

Question: 375

Define Genetics

Answer: 375

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The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called genetics Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other

Question: 376

What is aqueous humour?

Answer: 376

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Anterior chamber of eye cavity contains clear fluid which is called aqueous humour.

Question: 377

What is spinal cord?

Answer: 377

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It is the continuation of medulla oblongata. It is a tubular bundle of nerves. It consists white matter and central grey matter.

Question: 378

What are peptide bonds?

Answer: 378

378-1097

The forces of attraction, which hold amino acids to form proteins, are called peptide bond

Question: 379

Give two examples of eye disorders

Answer: 379

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i. Myopia (short sightedness)

I Hypermetropia (Long sightedness)

Question: 380

How does mitosis significant?

Answer: 380

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Importance of mitosis is the maintenance of chromosomal set i-e each daughter cell receives chromosomes that are alike in composition and equal in number to the chromosomes of parent cell . During the occasions of development and growth , cell replacement , regeneration and asexual reproduction , mitosis happens

Question: 381

Define reflex action.

Answer: 381

381-1097

The fast involuntary action in which spinal cord act as a coordinator

Question: 382

What are major biological issues noweadays

Answer: 382

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Human population growth infectious diseases addictive drug and pollutions are the major biological issues nowadays

Question: 383

Define activators.

Answer: 383

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The substance, which increase or speed up the activity of enzymes are called activators.

Question: 384

What is cerebral cortex?

Answer: 384

384-1097

Upper surface of cerebral hemispheres is called cerebral cortex. It consists of grey matter. It has four lobes

i. Frontal lobe

ii. Parietal lobe

iii. Temporal lobe

iv. Occipital lobe

Question: 385

Differentiate between somatic cells and germ like cells .

Answer: 385

385-1097

Somatic cells : Somatic cells are those which form the body of organism . Somata cells undergo mitosis

Question: 386

What are the functions of sympathetic system?

Answer: 386

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It prepares body to deal with emergency situations "fight or flight response". During an emergency situation, this system takes necessary actions. For example it dilates pupils, accelerates heartbeat. increases breathing rate and inhibits digestion.

Question: 387

What are sense organs? Give examples.

Answer: 387

387-1097

Organs which detect stimuli are called senses. e organs, e.g. eyes. ears. nose. etc.

Question: 388

Define mitosis and give its one benefit .

Answer: 388

388-1097

Mitosis is a type of cell division in which a cell divides into two daughter cells . Each with the same number of chromosomes as was present in parent cell

Question: 389

What is the result of denaturation of enzymes?

Answer: 389

389-1097

Denaturation of enzymes results in rapid decrease in the rate of enzymes action and it may be blocked completely.

Question: 390

What is the function of vasopressin?

Answer: 390

390-1097

It increase the rate of reabsorption of water from nephrons.

Question: 391

Write the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: 391

391-1097

It is involved in a lipid metabolism . It is involved in transport of materials from one part of cell to other

Question: 392

What is optic disc or blind spot?

Answer: 392

392-1097

Optic disc is a point on retina where the optic nerve enters retina. No pin insensitive cells exist at this point, so it is called blind spot.

Question: 393

Who gave the concept of metabolism first of all?

Answer: 393

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The concept of metabolism was first of all given by Ibn-e-Nafees who stated that the body and its parts are always undergoing change.

Question: 394

What is the contribution of Ibn-Al-Haytham ?

Answer: 394

394-1097

1: He wrote 'book of optics '

2: He contributed to eye surgery , structure of eye image formation in eye and visual system

3: He described the principles of pinhole camera

Question: 395

What is interphase?

Answer: 395

395-1097

The time when a cell's metabolic activity is very high is called interphase. It has 3 phase. (i) Gl phase (ii) G2 phase (iii) S-Phase

Question: 396

What are nodes of Ranvier?

Answer: 396

396-1097

The areas of myelin on a axon, there are non-myelinated points, called the nodes of Ranvier.

Question: 397

What is bengin tumors ?

Answer: 397

397-1097

bengin tumors as long as these tumors remain in their original location , they are called bengin tumors

Question: 398

Name part of ear drum .

Answer: 398

398-1097

1: Vestibule

2: Semicircular canals

3: Cochlea

Question: 399

What is rhodopsin?

Answer: 399

399-1097

Rod contain a pigment called rhodopsin. When light falls on rhodopsin. it break and generates a nerve impulse

Question: 400

S. phase of interphase is important and cell can never divide without it . Justify .

Answer: 400

400-1097

In S-pahse the cell duplicates its chromosomes the DNA molecules of each chromosomes is copies and new protein molecules are attached the result is that each chromosomes consists of two sisters chromatids , Which contain identical genes . In the absence of s-phase no replication of DNA will result in absence of chromosomes with two sister chromatids . Hence cell division will not occur

Question: 401

How does pupil constrict and dilate in bright and dim light.

Answer: 401

401-1097

i. Pupil constricts in bright light when the circular muscles of iris contract. Pupil dilates in dim light when radial muscles of iris contract.

Question: 402

What structures and phenomena are involved in the intake of carbon dioxide and water by plants?

Answer: 402

402-1097

Intake of Water and Carbon dioxide Intake of Water: Water and carbon dioxide are the raw materials of photosynthesis. Plants have mechanisms for the intake and transport of these raw materials. Water, present in soil, is absorbed by roots and root hairs through osmosis. This eater is eventually transported to leaves through xylem vessels.

Question: 403

What is the role of eyelids and eyelashes?

Answer: 403

403-1097

i. Eye lids wipe eyes and prevent dehydration.

ii. Eyelash prevents fine particles from entering the eye.

Question: 404

What is the difference between intracellular and extra cellular enzymes?

Answer: 404

404-1097

Intracellular

The enzymes. which work inside the cell. are called intracellular enzyme e.g. enzymes of glycolysis working in cytoplasm.

Question: 405

What is autonomic system?

Answer: 405

405-1097

It is responsible for the activities, which are not under conscious control. It consist, of motor neurons that send signals to cardiac muscles. smooth muscles and glands. It consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic system.

Question: 406

What are the function of Insulin and glucagon ?

Answer: 406

406-1097

Insulin : Decrease the blood sugar level

Question: 407

Define chiasmata?

Answer: 407

407-1097

During meiosis the two non-sister chromatids of homologuous chromosomes join together certain points along their length . These points of attraction are called chiasmata

Question: 408

At which pH pepsin and trypsin work?

Answer: 408

408-1097

Pepsin (working in stomach) is active in acidic medium (low pH) and trypsin (working in small intestine) shows its activity in alkaline medium (high pH)

Question: 409

What is vitreous humour?

Answer: 409

409-1097

The posterior chamber of cavity of eye contains a jelly like fluid which is called vitreous humour

Question: 410

In which industries enzymes are extensively used for fast chemical reactions?

Answer: 410

410-1097

Enzymes are extensively used in: (i) Food industry (ii) Brewing industry (iii) Paper industry (iv) Biological detergents

Question: 411

What is optics ? Who is regarded as father of optics ?

Answer: 411

411-1097

Optics refers to the study of behavior of light . Ibn-Al-Haytham is regarded as father of optics

Question: 412

How many enzymes are known?

Answer: 412

412-1097

There are over 2000 known enzymes, each of which is involved in one specific chemical reaction.

Question: 413

What is cerebrum?What is its function?

Answer: 413

413-1097

It is the largest part of brain.

Functions :

It control skeletal muscles, thinking, intelligence and emotions.

Question: 414

A nerve cell after its formation remain in which phase of cell cycle ?

Answer: 414

414-1097

In multicellular eukaryotes , cells enter G0 phase from G1 and stop dividing . Some cells remain in G0 for indefinite period e.g the nerve cell is enter in G0 phase of cell cycle

Question: 415

What are Iris and Pupil?

Answer: 415

415-1097

Behind cornea. choroid bends to form a muscular ring called Iris. The centre of this iris is called pupil. Light first pass through pupil.

Question: 416

What are biocatalysts?

Answer: 416

416-1097

Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they act as biocatalysts, which speed up and regulate metabolic pathways.

Question: 417

Can electrons be an energy source? How?

Answer: 417

417-1097

Electrons can he an energy source. It depends upon their location and arrangement in atoms. For example: N‘ hen they are present in oxygen. they make stable association with oxygen atom and are not good energy source. But if electrons are dragged away from oxygen and attached to some other atom e.g. carbon or hydrogen, they make unstable association. They try to move back to oxygen and when this happens, energy is released.

Question: 418

What are exocrine glands ? Give example .

Answer: 418

418-1097

These are ducted glands e.g liver, salivary glands

Question: 419

Who first used the term enzymes?

Answer: 419

419-1097

In 1878, German Physiologist Winhelm Kuhne first used the term enzyme.

Question: 420

What are the main parts of ear ?

Answer: 420

420-1097

1: Pinna

2: Auditory canal

3: Ear drum

Question: 421

Define cofactor and coenzyme

Answer: 421

421-1097

The non-protein molecules or ions, which are required by enzymes to show full activity, are called cofactors. Cofactors may be inorganic (e.g. metal ions) or organic (e.g. flavin and heme)

Question: 422

What are prosthetic groups?

Answer: 422

422-1097

The organic cofactors, which are tightly bound to enzymes are called prosthetic groups.

Question: 423

Name secretions stored in posterior

Answer: 423

423-1097

i. Oxytoci

ii Vasopressin

Question: 424

What is optimum pH?

Answer: 424

424-1097

A narrow range of pH at which all enzymes work at their maximum rate is called optimum pH.

Question: 425

What do you know about outer layer of eye ball?

Answer: 425

425-1097

i. It consists of sclera and cornea.

ii. Sclera gives eye most of its white colour. In front, it forms a transparent cornea.

iii. Cornea admits light to interior of .eye and bends light rays so that they can be brow to a focus.

Question: 426

How do enzymes lower the activation energy?

Answer: 426

426-1097

Enzymes lower the activation energy in several ways. • They may alter the shape of substrate and reduce the requirement of energy for this change. • Some enzymes do so by disrupting the charge distribution on substrates. • Enzymes may also lower activation energy by bringing substrates in the correct rientation to react

Question: 427

Write any two characteristics of enzymes?

Answer: 427

427-1097

Almost all enzymes are proteins i.e. they are made of amino acids. Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of times faster than those of comparable uncatalyzed reactions. As with all catalysts, enzymes are not consumed by the reactions they catalyze.

Question: 428

What is the function of parasympathetic system?

Answer: 428

428-1097

i. It slows down the overall activity of body.

ii. It causes pupils to contract.

iii. It promotes digestion.

iv. It slows the rate of heartbeat.

Question: 429

What is Community Level

Answer: 429

429-1097

Community Level: A community is an assemble of different population interacting with one another within the same environment

Question: 430

What is iodopsin?

Answer: 430

430-1097

Cones contain a pigment called iodopsin.

Question: 431

What is colorblindness?

Answer: 431

431-1097

Cones recognize the primary colours are blue green and red. Damages to these pigments result in colour blindness. I his is genetic problem in which person is unable to distinguish between different colour.

Question: 432

medium. Define products of an enzyme action.

Answer: 432

432-1097

When enzymes attaches with the substrate, a temporary enzyme — substrate (ES) complex i! formed — Enzyme catalyzes the reaction and substrate is transferred into product.

E+S➜ES Complex➜ E+P

Question: 433

Name two functions of ear ?

Answer: 433

433-1097

1: Hearing

2: Balance or equilibrium of body

Question: 434

Plants do not make their gametes by meiosis. How is that?

Answer: 434

434-1097

Plants' life cycle shows alternation of generations. The cells of diploid sporophyte undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. which grow into haploid gametophyte generations Gametophyte generation produces haploid gametes through mitosis. The gametes combine to produce diploid zygote. Zygote undergoes repeated mitosis to become diploid sporophyte

Question: 435

What are endocrine glands ? Give example .

Answer: 435

435-1097

These are the ductless glands which secrete hormones into blood e.g thyroid ,pituitary , adernal etc

Question: 436

Why is it said that all life forms are dependent On photosynthesis?

Answer: 436

436-1097

Photosynthesis is the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, with oxygen as a by-product. Photosynthesis is an anabolic (building) process and is an important component of bioenergetics in living systems. It is the most important biochemical pathway and nearly all life depends on it.

Question: 437

Define optimum temperature.

Answer: 437

437-1097

The specific temperature at which an enzyme works at its maximum rate is called as optimum temperature of that enzyme. Example: The optimum temperature for the maximum working speed of human enzymes is 37oC

Question: 438

Define goiter.

Answer: 438

438-1097

If a person lacks iodine in diet, thyroid gland cannot make hormone . Thyroid gland is enlarged and swelling of neck occur. This condition is called goiter.

Question: 439

How is water taken in by plants for photosynthesis?

Answer: 439

439-1097

Water, present in soil, is absorbed by roots and root hairs through osmosis. This water is eventually transported to leaves through xylem vessels.

Question: 440

Explain Medicine and Surgery Career in Biology

Answer: 440

440-1097

Medicine The profession of medicine deal with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human

Question: 441

How rhodopsin is synthesized?

Answer: 441

441-1097

Body synthesizes rhodopsin from vitamin A.

Question: 442

What is the use of enzymes in brewing industry?

Answer: 442

442-1097

Enzymes weak starch and proteins. The products are used by yeast for fermentation (to produce alcohol)

Question: 443

Define fovea what is its functions?

Answer: 443

443-1097

It is a dip in retina. directly opposite to lens and is densely packed with cone cells. Function: It is responsible for colour vision in humans and enable high sharpness such as is necessary in reading.

Question: 444

How does change in pH affect activity of enzymes?

Answer: 444

444-1097

Enzymes are mostly proteins; change in pH can affect the ionization of the amino acids at the active site. A slight change in pH causes retardation in enzyme activity or blocks it completely.

Question: 445

Define metabolism .

Answer: 445

445-1097

The set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life is called metabolism

Question: 446

What is somatotrophin? What is function?

Answer: 446

446-1097

It is a hormone produced by anterior lobe of pituitary gland. Function: It promotes the growth of body.

Question: 447

What are accessory pigments?

Answer: 447

447-1097

Photosynthetic pigments are organized in the form of clusters, called photosystems, in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. Chlorophyll-a is the main, photosynthetic pigment. Others are called accessory pigments and include chlorophyll and carotenoids

Question: 448

What are Islets of Langerhans ? Name their secretions

Answer: 448

448-1097

The group of endocrine cells found in pancreas which produce hormones are called islets of Langerhans

Secretions :

1:Insulin

2: Glucagon

Question: 449

How is the activity of an enzyme affected?

Answer: 449

449-1097

File activity of an enzyme is affected by any change in conditions that alters its chemistry and its shape

Question: 450

Which is the smallest bones of human body ?

Answer: 450

450-1097

Stapes in the middle ear

Question: 451

What is thyroxin?What is its role?

Answer: 451

451-1097

It is the hormone secreted by thyroid plan .

Role:

i. It increases the" breakdown of food and release of energy .

ii. It is responsible for growth of body.

Question: 452

Why the division in prokaryotes is not called mitosis ?

Answer: 452

452-1097

Prokaryotes do not have proper nucleus and do not form spindles during divisions . That is why there divisions is not called mitosis

Question: 453

What is pituitary gland ? Names its lobes ?

Answer: 453

453-1097

It is a pear -shaped ,gland attached to the hypothalamus of brain Lobes : 1: Anterior lobes 2: Posterior lobe

Question: 454

16. Define active site.

Answer: 454

454-1097

Only a small portion of enzyme molecules is directly involved in catalysis. This catalytic region is known as active site.

Question: 455

What is difference between leaf epidermis of aquatic plants and terrestrial plants ?

Answer: 455

455-1097

Terrestrial plants have more stomata in the lower epidermis of their leaves while aquatic plants have more stomata in the upper epidermis

Question: 456

Name two disorders of nervous system .

Answer: 456

456-1097

1: Paralysis

2: Epilepsy

Question: 457

What are the functions of these processes in organisms?

Answer: 457

457-1097

These processes ensure the maintenance, growth and reproduction of organisms.

Question: 458

What is the function of pinna ?

Answer: 458

458-1097

It helps to direct the sound waves into auditory canal

Question: 459

What is lock and key model?

Answer: 459

459-1097

According to this model. both enzyme and substrate possess specific shapes that fit exactly into one another. This model explains enzyme specificity.

Question: 460

What are the major components of nervous system ?

Answer: 460

460-1097

1: Central nervous system ( Brain and spinal cord )

2: Peripheral nervous system (nerves and ganglia )

Question: 461

Differentiate between Microbiology and Morphology?

Answer: 461

461-1097

Microbiology: Microbiology is a major division of biology which deals with the study of micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses

Question: 462

Define opthalmology .

Answer: 462

462-1097

It is the branch of science which deals with the study of disease and surgery of eyes

Question: 463

Describe the effect of temperature on speed of enzyme action.

Answer: 463

463-1097

Heating increases molecular motion. Thus the molecules of the substrate and enzyme move more quickly and chances of their bumping into each other are increased. As a result there is a greater probability of a reaction occurring. When temperature rises to a certain limit, heat adds in the activation energy and also provides kinetic energy for the reaction. So reactions are accelerated. But when temperature is raised well above the optimum temperature, heat energy increases the vibrations of atoms of enzyme and the globular structure of enzyme is lost.

Question: 464

What is acromegaly?

Answer: 464

464-1097

If somatotrophin is excessively produced after growing age, internal organs and body extremities along grow large. This condition is known as acromegaly

Question: 465

Define Habitat

Answer: 465

465-1097

Habitat means the area of the environment in which organism lives

Question: 466

What are Pigments?Describe their function?

Answer: 466

466-1097

Pigments are the substances that absorb visible light. Different pigments absorb light, of different wavelengths (colours). Chlorophylls absorb mainly blue and red lights . Some wavelengths mot absorbed by chlorophyll 'a' are very effectively absorbed by accessory pigments and vice-versa

Question: 467

Write two industrial uses of enzyme.

Answer: 467

467-1097

Food Industry: Enzymes that break starch into simple sugars are used in the production of white bread. buns etc. (Amylase).

Question: 468

What are symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

Answer: 468

468-1097

i. Increases in energy production

ii. Increased heart-beat

iii. Frequent sweating

iv. Shivering of hand

Question: 469

What is meant by denaturation of enzyme?

Answer: 469

469-1097

When temperature is raised above the optimum temperature, the heat energy increases the vibrations of atoms of enzyme molecules and globular structure of enzyme is lost. This is known as denaturation of enzyme.

Question: 470

Name secretion of ovaries .

Answer: 470

470-1097

1: Estrogen

2: Progesterone

Question: 471

In which processes ATP is used as energy source?

Answer: 471

471-1097

ATP is the main energy source for majority of the cellular functions like the, synthesis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins), movement, transmission of nerve impulse, active transport. exocytosis and endocytosis etc.

Question: 472

Which models explain the mechanism of enzyme action?

Answer: 472

472-1097

Two models have been proposed to explain the mechanism of enzyme action.

(i ) Lock and key model (ii) Induced fit model

Question: 473

Define alcoholic fermentation .

Answer: 473

473-1097

The type of anaerobic respiration in which pyruvic acid is further broken break down into alcohol (C₂H₅OH) and CO₂ is called alcoholic respiration . It occurs in bacteria and yeasts .

Pyruvic acid➜Ethyl alcohol + carbondioxide

Question: 474

State cytokinesis

Answer: 474

474-1097

The division of cytoplasm is called cytokinesis

Question: 475

What is the cause of hypothyroidism?

Answer: 475

475-1097

It is caused by under production of thyroxin. It is characterized by low energy production and slowing down heart beat.

Question: 476

What is meant by saturation of active sites?

Answer: 476

476-1097

At high substrate concentration. when all the active sites of an enzyme are occupied and an," more substrate molecules do not find free active sites. This state is called saturation of active sites and reaction rate does not increase.

Question: 477

How brain is protected?

Answer: 477

477-1097

Brain is protected by i. Cranium iii. Cerebrospinal fluid

Question: 478

Define light reaction .

Answer: 478

478-1097

During this phase light energy is captured and is used to make high energy molecules (ATP and NADPH ) these reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

Question: 479

What is species

Answer: 479

479-1097

Species: A species is a group of organisms which can interbreed freely among them and can reproduce fertile offering but are reproductively isolated from all other such groups in nature Basic unit or category of classification is species

Question: 480

What is the cause of dwarfism?

Answer: 480

480-1097

If somatotrophin is deficient during growing age growth rate decreases. This condition is called dwarfism.

Question: 481

Write the difference between physiology and taxonomy ?

Answer: 481

481-1097

The difference between physiology and taxonomy are given below .

Question: 482

What is NAD+?

Answer: 482

482-1097

A NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine, dinucleotide) is a coenzyme that takes electrons and hydrogen ions and is thus reduced to NADH. One form of this coenzyme also carries phosphate with it, so is called NADP+.

Question: 483

Define hormone

Answer: 483

483-1097

It is a specific messenger molecule synthesized and secreted by an endocrine gland

Question: 484

Define bioenergetics .

Answer: 484

484-1097

The study of energy relationships and energy transformations (conversions) in living organisms is called bioenergetics.

Question: 485

What is the role of Eustachian tube ?

Answer: 485

485-1097

It regulates the air pressure on both sides of ear drum

Question: 486

Who proposed ATP as main energy transfer molecule in the cell?

Answer: 486

486-1097

The Nobel prize winner, Fritz Lipmann in 1941 proposed ATP as main energy transfer molecule.

Question: 487

What are situated adrenal glands

Answer: 487

487-1097

These are situated above kidney

Question: 488

What is sunlight energy? Write its function in plants?

Answer: 488

488-1097

Sunlight energy is absorbed by chlorophyll . It is then converted into chemical energy which derives the photosynthesis process . The light rays of different wave lengths are not only differently absorbed by photosynthetic pigments but are also differently effective in photosynthesis . The blue and red lights carry out more photosynthesis

Question: 489

What is Science ?

Answer: 489

489-1097

Science is the study in which observations are made, experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principal of nature

Question: 490

What is somatic nervous system?

Answer: 490

490-1097

It controls conscious and voluntary actions. It includes all of the motor neurons that conduct impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles.

Question: 491

What is seizure ?

Answer: 491

491-1097

It is temporary abnormal state of brain marked by convulsions

Question: 492

What are stomata?

Answer: 492

492-1097

The tiny openings present in the epidermis of leaf through which gases enter or leave the cells are called stomata. It consists of two bean shaped cells called guard cells.

Question: 493

Differentiate between population and community

Answer: 493

493-1097

Population: A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place

Question: 494

Explain that electrons can be source of energy during oxidation reduction reaction ?

Answer: 494

494-1097

During light reaction of photosynthesis the electrons are emitted first from the thylakoid membrane and then these electrons are passes through the electron transport chain also and help in the formation of energy rich molecules like ATP and NADPH

Question: 495

What are rods and cones?

Answer: 495

495-1097

These are photosensitive cells. Rods are sensitive to dim light while cones are sensitive to bright light and so distinguish different colours.

Question: 496

What is the main use of enzymes in paper industry ?

Answer: 496

496-1097

Enzyme break starch to lower its viscosity that aids in making paper

Question: 497

Why it is incorrect to say that the energy releasing step of respiration is electron transport chain?

Answer: 497

497-1097

Energy is released in glycolysis and Krebs cycle in the form of NADH and FADH2. Electron transport chain transforms the energy present in these compounds to ATP.

Question: 498

What is calcitonin?What is its function?

Answer: 498

498-1097

It is the hormone secreted by thyroid gland. Function : It decreases the level of calcium ions in blood and promotes the absorption of calcium from blood into bones

Question: 499

Write a note on specificity enzymes

Answer: 499

499-1097

The specificity of different enzymes is determined by the shapes of their active sites. Enzymes are usually very specific for the type of reaction and for the nature of their substances Only a small portion of enzymes molecules is directly involved in catalyst . This catalyst region is known as active site .It recognizes and binds substrate and then carries out reaction.

Question: 500

What is the difference between oxidation and reduction?

Answer: 500

500-1097

The loss of electrons is called oxidation while the gain of electrons is called reduction.

Question: 501

What is crossing over? Gove its one benefit .

Answer: 501

501-1097

Crossing over : The non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange their segments and the phenomenon is known as crossing -over

Question: 502

The orgn system level of animals is more complex than plants

Answer: 502

502-1097

Organs performing similar functions in multicellular organism organize together to form organ system level The organ system level of animals is more complex than plants because animals have to perform greater functions and activities than plants

Question: 503

Which type of bond is present between groups of ATP?

Answer: 503

503-1097

The covalent bond connecting two phosphates high-energy bond and is indicated by "tilde"

Question: 504

Write down the namesof groups of biomolecules and give example

Answer: 504

504-1097

Biomolecules Bioelements in living organisms combine through ionic and covalent bond formation to form stable particles know as biomolecules

Question: 505

What is the function of Oxytocin?

Answer: 505

505-1097

i. It stimulates the contraction of uterus walls in females for child birth.

ii. It causes ejection of milk from breasts.

Question: 506

What are products ?

Answer: 506

506-1097

The molecules , which are produced after the action of enzymes on substrate molecules are called products

Question: 507

What is induced fit model?

Answer: 507

507-1097

According to this model, active site is not a rigid structure rather it is molded into required shape to perform its function. Induced fit model is more acceptable than "lock and key" model of enzyme action.

Question: 508

Differentiate between macronutrients and micronutrients?

Answer: 508

508-1097

The nutrients which are require in large 1 The nutrients which are required in small quantities are called macronutrients. e.g. quantities are called micronutrients e.g. iron, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, magnesium, molybdenum, boron, chlorine, zinc etc. potassium.

Question: 509

What is Biosphere level

Answer: 509

509-1097

The part of Earth inhabited by organisms communities is known as biosphere It constitutes all ecosystems and is called the zone of life on Earth or biosphere

Question: 510

Which molecule is called energy currency of a cell write name major its major parts.

Answer: 510

510-1097

ATP is a energy currency of a cell. Each ATP molecule has three subunits: (a) adenine - a double ringed nitrogenous base

(b) a ribose - a five carbon sugar; and

(c) three phosphate groups in a linear chain.

Question: 511

How is carbon dioxide taken in by plants?

Answer: 511

511-1097

The air that enters leaf through tiny pores (stomata) reaches into the air spaces present around mesophyll cells. This air carries CO2, which gets absorbed in the thin layer of water surrounding mesophyll cells. From here, the carbon dioxide diffuses into mesophyll cells.

Question: 512

What is thyroid stimulating" hormone (TSH)?

Answer: 512

512-1097

It is the hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of pituitary gland. It stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin

Question: 513

Define Biometery ?

Answer: 513

513-1097

It deals the study of biological processes using mathematical techniques and tools.

Question: 514

What is the function of cuticle ?

Answer: 514

514-1097

The cuticle is a waxy layer on leaves ,which is made up of cutin and it lessens the evaporation of water from surface of leaves

Question: 515

Differentiate between Species and Habitat

Answer: 515

515-1097

Species: Species is a group of organisms which can interbreed among themselves to produce fertile offspring

Question: 516

How are enzymes classified?

Answer: 516

516-1097

Enzymes are usually very specific for the type of reaction and for the nature of the substrates.

Question: 517

Differentiate between Morphology and Histology .

Write down the definition of Morphology?

Answer: 517

517-1097

Morphology The branch deals with the study of from and structures of living organisms

Question: 518

How do organisms get energy?

Answer: 518

518-1097

Organisms obtain energy by metabolizing the food they eaf or prepare. Food con potential energy in its bonds. When these bonds are broken down, a large amount of kinetic energy is released. Some of this energy is stored in the form of potential energy bonds of ATP molecules while the rest escapes as heat

Question: 519

Define photosynthesis and Write down the general equation for photosynthesis?

Answer: 519

519-1097

The process, which involves synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, with oxygen as a by - product is called photosynthesis.

Equation:

6CO2 + 12H20 + Light energy —> C61-11206 + 602 + 6H20

Question: 520

From which two Greek words /the words biology is made ?

OR Define Biology.

Answer: 520

520-1097

The word biology is derived from two Greek words i.e."bios" meaning " life " and "logs " meaning thought or reasoning"

Question: 521

Does mitosis takes place in prokaryotes?

Answer: 521

521-1097

Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotes cells . Prokaryotes cells undergo a process similar to proper mitosis called Binary fission

Question: 522

What happens in cellular respiration to and oxygen ?

Answer: 522

522-1097

In cellular respiration , food is oxidized to CO₂while O₂is reduced into H₂O

Question: 523

What is the contribution of Ali-Ibn Isa ?

Answer: 523

523-1097

He wrote three books ophthalmology 130 eye disease and perscribed 143 drugs to treat these diseases

Question: 524

What is the importance of anaerobic respiration?

Answer: 524

524-1097

(i) Source of energy for anaerobic organisms

(ti) Source of energy for aerobic organisms in short supply of 0,

(iil) Source of many products (ethanol, cheese etc)

Question: 525

Define Immunology ?

Answer: 525

525-1097

Immunology is the branch of biology which deals with the study of the immune system of animals which defends the body against invading microbes .

Question: 526

What is testosterone ?

Answer: 526

526-1097

It is the hormone secreted by testis which controls development of secondary sex characters in male

Question: 527

Who discovered the ATP molecule ? What is the function in cell?

Answer: 527

527-1097

The major energy currency of all cells is a nucleotide called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) . It is main energy source for majority of the cellular functions like synthesis of macro molecules endocytosis etc . It has ability to store and release energy . It was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lorhmann and was proposed to be main energy transfer molecule in the cell by the noble prize winner , Fritz Lipmann in 1941

Question: 528

What are biocatalyst ?

Answer: 528

528-1097

Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they act as a biocatlyst , which speed up and regular metabolic pathways

Question: 529

Define photolysis.

Answer: 529

529-1097

The breakdown of compounds in the presence of light is called photolysis.

Question: 530

What are dark reactions?

Answer: 530

530-1097

During second phase of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to make glucose. In his phase, the energy from high energy molecules (ATP and NADPI I) is utilized. Since these reactions do not use light directly, they are known as dark reactions. These reactions take place in the stroma of chloroplasts'

Question: 531

what are different types of fermentation or anaerobic respiration ?

Answer: 531

531-1097

There are two types of fermentation

1: Alcoholic fermentation 2: Lactic acid fermentation

Question: 532

Write down the summary of the events of dark reactions.

Answer: 532

532-1097

i) CO2 molecules are combined with 5-carbon compound to form temporary 6- carbon compounds, each split into two 3-carbon compounds. (ii) The 3-carbon compounds are reduced to 3-carbon carbohydrates by using g energy of ATP and hydrogen from NADPH. (iii) 3-Carbon carbohydrates are used to manufacture glucose and are also used to regenerate the original 5-carbon compounds. This step also utilize ATP

Question: 533

What is meant by taxonomy ?

Answer: 533

533-1097

it is study of naming and classification of organisms into group and subgroups.

Question: 534

Name parts of adrenal gland and their hormones .

Answer: 534

534-1097

Each adrenal gland has two parts :

1: Outer part is called adrenal cortex with secretes corticosteroids

2:Central part is called adrenal medulla which secrets adrenaline

Question: 535

How is energy released from ATP ?

Answer: 535

535-1097

Energy is released as bonds between phosphate groups of ATP are broken down . When one phosphate group separates . ATP is changed to ADP and 7.3k Calories /mole of ATP is formed

Question: 536

S.Write two advantages of apoptosis

Answer: 536

536-1097

1: Apoptosis can occur when a cell is damaged or undergoes stress conditions

Question: 537

Define Tissue and organ also give example

Answer: 537

537-1097

Tissues In multicellular organisms tissues can be defined as a group of similar cells specialized for the performance of a common function

Question: 538

In which portion of cell , three stages of aerobic respiration ?

Answer: 538

538-1097

1: Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm oxygen is not involved in this stage . That is why , it occurs in both types of respiration i-e aerobic and anaerobic

2: Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur in mitochondria where oxygen is essential

Question: 539

Birds have higher body temperature than mammals. What would ha' en to the activity of a bird's enzyme if it is given temperature of 37°C.

Answer: 539

539-1097

Reaction will slow down.

Question: 540

What are the advantages of organic fertilizers?

Answer: 540

540-1097

Organic fertilizers like manure and compost can increase soil drainage, aeration, and the ability of the soil to hold nutrients

Question: 541

Differentiate between spinal and cranial nerves.

Answer: 541

541-1097

Cranial Nerves

1. Those nerves which arise from Brain are called as cranial nerves.

2. There are twelve pairs of cranial Nerves which are some sensory Some motor and some mix.

Question: 542

What is activation energy ?

Answer: 542

542-1097

All chemical reactions requires activation energy .It is defined as minimum energy requires to start a reaction and to right direction

Question: 543

What is meant by molecular biology ?

Answer: 543

543-1097

The study of molecular of life is called molecular biology like protein carbohydrates

Question: 544

How is water and salt reached to mesophyll cells in non-vascular plants ?

Answer: 544

544-1097

In non-vascular plants water and salts reach the mesophyll cells of leaves by the phenomena of diffusion , osmosis etc.

Question: 545

Define endocrine system .

Answer: 545

545-1097

This system consists of endocrine glands and hormones . Through hormones , this system communicates

Question: 546

Why is oxygen necessary for plants?

Answer: 546

546-1097

Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration. Ans: Minerals are inorganic elements that originate in the earth and cannot be made in body.

Question: 547

What is a nucleotide?

Answer: 547

547-1097

A nucleotide is a large molecule formed by joining ribose sugar -- phosphate - one nitrogenous base.

Question: 548

How are leaves adapted to their function?

Answer: 548

548-1097

1: The leaves on the branches of plants are arranged in such a manner that they get maximum of sunlight for photosynthesis . Majority of leaves are flat . With maximum of surface area for maximum absorption of sunlight

Question: 549

What is choroid?

Answer: 549

549-1097

It is middle layer of eye ball. It contains blood vessels and gives a dark colour. It bends behind cornea to form iris

Question: 550

Define Biochemistry and compounds and Morphology?

Answer: 550

550-1097

Biochemistry : Biochemistry deals with the study of the chemistry of different compound and chemical reactions occurring in living organisms.

Question: 551

What happens to electrons when they pass through electron transport Chain?

Answer: 551

551-1097

When the electrons move through the series of electron carriers they lose energy, which is used to synthesize ATP At the end electrons and hydrogen ions combine with molecular 02 to form water.

Question: 552

What is difference between Zoology and Botany ?

Answer: 552

552-1097

Zoology The major division of the biology which deals with the study of animals is called zoology

Question: 553

What are substrates ?

Answer: 553

553-1097

_{The molecules , at which enzymes act is called substrates}

Question: 554

What are redox reactions?

Answer: 554

554-1097

The oxidation and reduction reactions always run simultaneously and are called redox reaction. Redox reactions are direct source of energy for all life processes. Redox reactions involve exchange of electrons between atoms.

Question: 555

What is Organ System

Answer: 555

555-1097

Organ System Different organs performing related functions are organized together in the form of an organ system In an organ system each organ carries out its specific function and the functions of all organs appear as the function of the organ system

Question: 556

What are lipids?

Answer: 556

556-1097

The lipids present in food are composed of fatty acids bonded to glycerol. saturated or unsaturated. The fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated

Question: 557

Define Population

Answer: 557

557-1097

Population A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place in the same time.

Question: 558

Write down the summary of the events of light reactions.

Answer: 558

558-1097

When chlorophyll molecules absorb light. their energy level increases and their electrons are emitted.

• Electrons are passed to electron transport chain to produce ATP.

Light also breaks water molecule and oxygen is released. The hydrogen atoms of water give electrons to chlorophyll and become ions.

The electrons of chlorophyll, after the production of ATP, and the hydrogen ions of water are used for the reduction of NADI)* into NADPH.

Question: 559

Why do plants require mineral elements?

Answer: 559

559-1097

Plants require minerals for various activities and structures.

Question: 560

Differentiate between Macromolecules and Macromolecules with example

Answer: 560

560-1097

Macromolecules: Molecules with low molecular weight are called macromolecules

Question: 561

How is energy produced by respiration ?

Answer: 561

561-1097

There are two types of respiration

1: Aerobic 2: Anaerobic

Question: 562

Will an enzyme which act on proteins, also act on starch?

Answer: 562

562-1097

No. amylase will act on starch only to break it into glucose molecules and protease Will break ' down protein only. Similarly lipases break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Question: 563

Define Biochemistry ?

Answer: 563

563-1097

The study of chemistry of different compounds and chemical processes occurring in livings organisms is known as bio-chemistry

Question: 564

How can the deficiency of vitamin A cause blindness?

Answer: 564

564-1097

When vitamin A is inadequate, the lack of rhodopsin makes it difficult to see in dim light. if it is left untreated it can cause blindness. Deficiency of vitamins A is the leading causes of blindness in children worldwide. One of the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency is "night-blindness" It is temporary condition but if left untreated it can cause permanent -blindness

Question: 565

Define Anatomy ?

Answer: 565

565-1097

The study of internal structures is called Anatomy .

Question: 566

What are the main stages of the aerobic respiration?

Answer: 566

566-1097

1: Glycolysis

2: Krebs cycle

3: Electron transport chain

Question: 567

What is the cause of diabetes Insipidus?

Answer: 567

567-1097

It is due to deficiency of antidiuretic hormone.

Question: 568

What are harmful effects of excessive use of organic fertilizers?

Answer: 568

568-1097

Excessive amounts of organic fertilizers can cause environmental degradation due In nitrate leaching or run off of soluble organic compounds

Question: 569

What are different phases of aerobic respiration ?

Answer: 569

569-1097

1: In first phase , a molecule of glucose (6-C) is broken down into two pyruvic acid (3-C) molecules

Question: 570

Write four names of unicellular organisams

Answer: 570

570-1097

Unicellular Organisms consist of only Sigle cell

A single cell perform all functions and activities of an organism

Question: 571

What are products?

Answer: 571

571-1097

products? The molecules, which are produced after the action of enzymes on substrate molecules are called products

Question: 572

what is meant by pharamacology ?

Answer: 572

572-1097

Pharamacology is the stud of drugs and their efffects on the system of the human body

Question: 573

What is the most common fuel to get energy ?

Answer: 573

573-1097

The most common fuel used by the cell to get energy by cellular respiration is glucose

Question: 574

What is meant by Parasitology and biotechnology ?

Answer: 574

574-1097

Parasitology :Parasitologydeals with the study of parasites like study of plasmodium

Question: 575

What is the role of phosphorus in plants?

Answer: 575

575-1097

Phosphorous is component of ATP, nucleic acid and coenzymes, necessary for seed germination, photosynthesis and protein formation.

Question: 576

Define osmosis.

Answer: 576

576-1097

The movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution. through a permeable membrane (cell membrane) is called osmosis.

Question: 577

What is night blindness?

Answer: 577

577-1097

The deficiency of vitamin A causes night blindness.

Question: 578

How do enzymes lower the activation energy ?

Answer: 578

578-1097

Enzymes lower the activation energy in several ways

1: They may alter the shape of substrate and reduce the requirement of energy for this change

2: Some enzymes do so by disrupting the charge distribution on substrate

3: Enzymes may also lower activation energy by bringing substrate in the correct rientation to react

Question: 579

What are harmful effects due to excessive nitrogen?

Answer: 579

579-1097

Too much nitrogen can reduce yields, cause yellowing of the leaves and stunt growth.

Question: 580

Which organisms carry out photosynthesis?

Answer: 580

580-1097

Autotrophic organisms like plants, some protists and some bacteria use inorganic raw materials such as carbon dioxide and water for the preparation of organic food, which IUS primarily comprises of carbohydrates

Question: 581

What are the different categories of minerals ? Define them .

Answer: 581

581-1097

Minerals are divides into two categories

1: Major minerals 2: Trace minerals

Question: 582

Define Entomology ?

Answer: 582

582-1097

Entomology is the study of insects ,like Cockroaches, aunts etc.

Question: 583

How much energy is obtained per gram of carbohydrates?

Answer: 583

583-1097

Carbohydrates contain 04 kilocalories per gram.

Question: 584

Where are the enzymes of glycolysis present?

Answer: 584

584-1097

Enzymes of glycolysis are present in cytoplasm.

Question: 585

In What ways the respiratory energy is used in the body of organisms?

Answer: 585

585-1097

All organisms need free energy for performing different activities and running various process of metabolism. The energy released by the process of respiration is utilized by different cellular activities such as:

(i) For the synthesis of proteins.

(ii) For the process of active transport.

(iii) For maintaining the temperature of body

(iv) For mechanical work (Contraction of muscles & beating of cilia and flagella). (v) For the process of phagocytosis.

(vi) For the process of pinocytosis.

(vii) For the process of exocytosis.

Question: 586

What is meant by Animals Husbandry ?

Answer: 586

586-1097

Animals Husbandry :It is the branch of agriculture concerned with the care and breeding of domestic animals

Examples:Cattle sheep etc.

Question: 587

What are the health risks if we take more saturated fatty acids in our diet?

Answer: 587

587-1097

Saturated fatty acids can increase a person's cholesterol level. An increased cholesterol level may eventually result in the clogging of arteries and, ultimately, heart disease.

Question: 588

Define physiology and anatomy.

Answer: 588

588-1097

Physiology: This branch deals with the study of the functions of different parts of living organisms

Question: 589

What is Electron transport chain.?

Answer: 589

589-1097

Electron Transport chain is the final step of cellular respiration . It is the transfer of electron on an electron transport chain. In this step. electrons and hydrogen ions. These electrons are taken up by a series of e electron carriers.

Question: 590

What are sources of minerals ?

Answer: 590

590-1097

Most of the minerals in humans diet come directly from plant and water , or indirectly from animal foods

Question: 591

What is diabetes mellitus ?

Answer: 591

591-1097

If insulin is deficient in body ,blood sugar level rises ,This disorder is called diabetes mellitus ,person with diabetes have loss of body weight ,weakening of muscles and tiredness

Question: 592

What is the role of boron in plant's growth?

Answer: 592

592-1097

Boron is important in sugar transport. cell division. and synthesizing certain enzymes

Question: 593

Which sphincters play role in the movement of food in and out of stomach?

Answer: 593

593-1097

sphincters: Sphincters are the openings which are guarded by muscles. Stomach has two sphincters Cardiac sphincter: Cardiac sphincter is between stomach and oesophagus.Pyloric sphincter Pyloric sphincter is between stomach and small intestine. Bolus enters stomach front oesophagus S. through cardiac sphincter.

Question: 594

Which are factors that can affect the rate of enzymes reaction?

Answer: 594

594-1097

Temperature. substrate concentration and pii affect the rate of enzyme reaction.

Question: 595

What is meant by unicellular orgnaization

Answer: 595

595-1097

In unicellular organization an organism is consists of only one cell like paramecium

Question: 596

Differentiate between anabolism and catabolism

Answer: 596

596-1097

Anabolism : Anabolism includes the biochemical reactions in which larger molecules are synthesized . Energy is utilized in anabolism

Example : Photosynthesis

Question: 597

Define digestion .

Answer: 597

597-1097

The process of breaking up complex substances into simple substances is called digestion

Question: 598

Define aerobic respiration

Answer: 598

598-1097

The cellular respiration occurring in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration

Question: 599

Write down two names of each plant and animal tissues

Answer: 599

599-1097

Ground and vascular tissues are the plant tissues Nervous and Muscular tissues are the animal tissues

Question: 600

_{Name vegetative and reproductive parts of Mustard Plant}

Answer: 600

600-1097

Reproductive parts: Flowers

Vegetative parts: Roots, stem, Branches

Question: 601

Define cofactor and coenzymes .

Answer: 601

601-1097

Cofactors : The non-protein molecules or ions which are required by enzymes to show full activity are called cofactors . Cofactors may be inorganic (e.g metal ions ) or organic (e.g flavin and heme )

Question: 602

What are middle ear ossicles?

Answer: 602

602-1097

Three bones are present in middle ear are called middle ear ossicles . There are malleus , incus and stapes

Question: 603

What are proteins?

Answer: 603

603-1097

Proteins are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Proteins are composed of amino acids. These amino acids are used to produce new body protein and to replace damaged proteins

Question: 604

What is the role of nitrogen in plants?

Answer: 604

604-1097

Plant get nitrogen in the form of nitrates. Nitrogen is a major component of proteins, hormones, chlorophyll, vitamins and enzymes essential for plant life. Nitrogen metabolism is a major factor , in stem and leaf growth

Question: 605

What is meant by fossils ?

Answer: 605

605-1097

Fossils are dead remains of extinct organisms and the study of fossils is called paleontology.

Question: 606

What is glycolysis where does this reaction occur ?

Answer: 606

606-1097

Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm and oxygen is not involved in this stage . That is why , it occurs in both types of respiration i-e aerobic and anaerobic . In glycolysis , glucose (6C) molecule is broken into two molecules of Pyruvic acid (3C)

Question: 607

What is the bio-molecules?

Answer: 607

607-1097

Bio-molecules in living organisms combine though ionic and covalent bond formations to form stable particles known as bio-molecules

Question: 608

Write down the scientific name of Crow and Frog

Answer: 608

608-1097

Frog Rana tigrine

House Crow: Corus splendens

Question: 609

What is meant by bio-element ?

Answer: 609

609-1097

Outs of the 92 kind of elements that occur in nature. 16 are bio elements . these take part in making the body mass of a living organisms.out of these bio-elements.

Question: 610

Define ATP and who discovered ATP?

Answer: 610

610-1097

The major energy currency of all cells is a nucleotide called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann.

Question: 611

Write two uses of surgery ?

Answer: 611

611-1097

(i) In surgery , the parts of the body may be repaired

(ii) In surgery , the parts of the body may be replaced

(iii) In surgery , the parts of the body may be removed

Question: 612

What are harmful effects of deficiency of calcium ?

Answer: 612

612-1097

Deficiency of calcium causes spontaneous discharge of nerve impulses , which may result in tetany . Bones also becomes soft , blood clots slowly , and wounds heal slowly

Question: 613

What is the role of magnesium in plants?

Answer: 613

613-1097

Magnesium is a structural component of chlorophyll. It is also necessary for the functioning plant enzymes to produce carbohydrates, fats and sugars. It is used for fruit and nut formation and essential for germination of seeds.

Question: 614

Define cell Biology ?

Answer: 614

614-1097

The microscopic study of tissues is called histology

Question: 615

What are vascular plants ?

Answer: 615

615-1097

The plants which have vascular tissues i-e xylem and phloem are called vascular plants . Xylem tissues carry water and salts from soil to mesophyll cells of leaves . Phloem tissues transport prepared food from leaves to other parts of plants

Question: 616

Write Example of Complex communities ?

Answer: 616

616-1097

Complex communities:Complex communities contain greater number and size of populations.

Example:

Forest Community.
Pond Community .

Question: 617

What is the role of copper, zinc, chlorine and nickel in plants growth?

Answer: 617

617-1097

Copper and zinc are components of several enzymes. Chlorine is involved in osmosis and nickel is required in nitrogen metabolism.

Question: 618

Write examples of complex communities

Answer: 618

618-1097

grater number and size of populations

Question: 619

What is Krebs Cycle?

Answer: 619

619-1097

In Krebs cycle. the pyruvic -acid molecules are completely oxidized, along with the formation of ATP. NADH. and FADH2. Before entering in Krebs cycle. pyruvic acid changed into a 2-carbon compound called acetyl-CoA

Question: 620

What are nutrients?

Answer: 620

620-1097

The elements and compounds that an organism obtains and uses as energy source or for the synthesis of new materials are called nutrients.

Question: 621

Define Genetic and embryology ?

Answer: 621

621-1097

Genetic:The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called Genetic

Question: 622

What is epidermis ?

Answer: 622

622-1097

The single layer of cells on leaves is thin , it is called epidermis it is covered by cuticle

Question: 623

What is bio geography ?

Answer: 623

623-1097

Bio geography is the study of occurrence and distribution of different species of livings organisms in different geographical regions of the world

Question: 624

Define ingestion .

Answer: 624

624-1097

The process of taking food is called ingestion

Question: 625

Who proposed Lock and Key model and induced lit model of enzyme action?

Answer: 625

625-1097

A German chemist Emil Fischer in 1894, proposed the lock and key model. In 1958 an American biologist Daniel Koshland proposed the induced fit model, which was a modification of lock and key model.

Question: 626

Define pharmacology and immunology.

Answer: 626

626-1097

Pharmacology : Pharmacology deals with the study of medicines and their effect on the body of living organisms.

Question: 627

How will you differentiate between bolus and chyme?

Answer: 627

627-1097

Bolus:1:During the processes of chewing, lubrication and semi-digestion, the pieces of food are rolled up by the tongue into small, slippery, spherical mass called bolus.2:We swallow bolus and push it in oesophagus through pharynx.

Question: 628

Name any four careers in biology ?

Answer: 628

628-1097

1. Medicine 2. Fisheries

3.Agriculture 4. Animals Husbandry

Question: 629

Stomach is an organ of the digestive system, but it also secretes a hormone. "hut hormone ‘‘,It, 'and what function it performs?

Answer: 629

629-1097

Some quantity of gastric juice is always present in stomach. In this case, already present gastric juice begins the digestion of huge proteins into peptides. These peptides stimulate some cells of stomach walls to release a hormone called gastrin. This hormone enters blood and is distributed to all parts of body. In stomach, it has specific effect and stimulates the gastric glands to secrete more gastric juice.

Question: 630

Which food are sources of lipids?

Answer: 630

630-1097

Important sources of lipids include milk. butter, cheese, eggs, mutton, tish, mustard seeds, coconut and dry fruits etc.

Question: 631

What is Gigantism?

Answer: 631

631-1097

If somatotrophin is excessively produced during, growing age growth rate increases. This condition is called gigantism.

Question: 632

Write four names of unicellular organisms ?

Answer: 632

632-1097

Amoeba
Paramecium
Euglena
Claymedomonas

Question: 633

What is the role of molybdenum in plant's growth?

Answer: 633

633-1097

Molybdenum is component of the enzyme that reduces nitrates to ammonia_ and makes mans amino acids.

Question: 634

Differentiate between Morphology and physiology ?

Answer: 634

634-1097

Morphology: The branch deals with the study of from and structures of living organisms.

Question: 635

Where are fermenting abilities of micro -organisms being used by scientists ?

Answer: 635

635-1097

Scientists have used the fermenting abilities of fungi and bacteria for the benefit of mankind . For example , the fermenting powers of bacteria are used for making cheese and yogurt . Fermentation in yeast is used in brewing and baking industries . Similarly soya sauce is made through the fermentation by a fungus Aspergillus

Question: 636

What is the concentrated and dilute solution?

Answer: 636

636-1097

The solution, which has more salts is called concentrated solution and the solution which has less salts is called dilute solution.

Question: 637

Write the names of vegetative organs of Plants

Answer: 637

637-1097

Roots, stem branches and leaves are the vegetative organs of plants which do not take part in the sexual reproduction of the plant

Question: 638

Write down two name of each plant and animal tissues ?

Answer: 638

638-1097

Ground and vascular tissuesare the plant tissues

Nervous and Muscular tissuesare the animals tissues

Question: 639

What are inorganic fertilizers?

Answer: 639

639-1097

Naturally occurring inorganic fertilizers include rock phosphate. elemental sulphur gypsum that are not chemically modified. Most in organic fertilizer dissolve readily In immediately available to plants for uptake.

Question: 640

How do you differentiate between cell level and tissues level ?

Answer: 640

640-1097

Cell level

Cell or cell level organization is a unit of structure and function of living organisms

2 A cell level organization is composed of different sub cellular organelles performing specific functions

Question: 641

Which foods are source of calcium ?

Answer: 641

641-1097

Human get calcium from milk , cheese , egg yolk , beans , nuts , and cabbage etc

Question: 642

What is meant by malnutrition?

Answer: 642

642-1097

Problems related to nutrition are grouped as malnutrition. It most often refers to under nutrition resulting from inadequate consumption, poor absorption or excessive loss of nutrients. Malnutrition also includes over nutrition, resulting from over eating or excessive intake of specific nutrient.

Question: 643

Differentiate between vegetative and reproductive organs

Answer: 643

643-1097

The difference between vegetative and reproductive organs are given below

Question: 644

Differentiate between assimilation and defecation

Answer: 644

644-1097

Assimilation :

The process of conversion or incorporation of absorbed simple food into the complex substances constituting the body is called assimilation.

Question: 645

Define genetic?

Answer: 645

645-1097

The study of genes and their role in inheritance is called Genetic

Question: 646

What are different phase of anaerobic respiration or fermentation ?

Answer: 646

646-1097

1: The first is like aerobic respiration , and two molecules of pyruvic acid are formed by one molecules of glucose

Question: 647

What are limiting factors in photosynthesis ? Give two example

Answer: 647

647-1097

Any environmental factor the absence or deficiency of which can decrease the rate of a metabolic reaction , is called limiting factor for that reaction

Question: 648

How are fibres important for humans?

Answer: 648

648-1097

(i) Fibres prevents and relieves constipation by stimulating the contraction of intestinal muscles.

(ii) Soluble fibres help in lowering blood cholesterol and sugar levels.

(iii) Insoluble fibres speeds up the movements of carcinogens from intestine.

Question: 649

What is the role of Sulphur in plant's growth?

Answer: 649

649-1097

Sulphur is component of proteins, vitamins and enzymes.

Question: 650

What is the balanced diet?

Answer: 650

650-1097

A balanced diet may be defined as the food, which contains all the essential nutrients in correct proportions for the normal growth and development of the body

Question: 651

Define Community ?

Answer: 651

651-1097

A Community is an assemble of different populations, interacting with one another within the same environment

Question: 652

Why do carnivorous plants eat small animals?

Answer: 652

652-1097

The plants, which grown in nitrogen deficiency soil eat small animals, they digested products of animals which are a good supply of nitrogen.

Question: 653

Define Neutral equilibrium?

Answer: 653

653-1097

If a body remains in its new position when disturbed from its previous position, it is said to be in a state of neutral equilibrium.

Question: 654

What is the importance of proteins ?

Answer: 654

654-1097

Proteins are essential components of the cytoplasm , membranes and organelles . They are also major components of muscles , ligaments ,tendons and many of them play role as enzymes . Proteins can also be used for gaining energy

Question: 655

What are the effects of magnesium deficiency in plants?.

Answer: 655

655-1097

Deficiency of magnesium causes yellowing and wilting of leaves.

Question: 656

What are Parasites ? give one example .

Answer: 656

656-1097

Parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts in return, harm their (hosts) lives

Example: 1 leach 2 Hook Worm

Question: 657

Write the chemical equation aerobic

Answer: 657

657-1097

The chemical equation aerobic respiration

C₆H₁₂+60₂➜6CO₂ + 6H₂0 Energy

Question: 658

Difference between homoatomic and heteroatoicmolecules with examples.

Answer: 658

658-1097

Homo Atomic Molecule:

A molecule containing same type of atoms is called homoatomicmolecule, eg

Hydrogen (H₂), Ozone (O₃) etc

Question: 659

What are major biology issues nowadays ?

Answer: 659

659-1097

Human population growth infection diseases addictive drugs and pollution are the major biological issues nowadays

Question: 660

Define atomic mass unit

Answer: 660

660-1097

Atomic Mass Unit:

The unit used for relative atomic masses is called atomic mass unit. It is represented by a.m.u

1 amu- 1. 66 x 10-²⁴g

Question: 661

Who gave the concept of metabolism first of all ?

Answer: 661

661-1097

The concept of metabolism was first of all given by Ibn-e-nafees who stated that the body and its parts are always undergoing change

Question: 662

What are different types of carbohydrates?

Answer: 662

662-1097

Glucose, maltose, lactose, sources and starch

Question: 663

What is meant by unicellular organization ?

Answer: 663

663-1097

In unicellular organization an organism is consists of only one cell like paramecium.

Question: 664

What is the role of parathormone ?

Answer: 664

664-1097

It increased the level of calcium ions in blood

Question: 665

Which food are sources of iron ?

Answer: 665

665-1097

Human get iron from red meat , egg yolk, whole, wheat fist , spinach and mustard etc

Question: 666

Define Biophysics ?

Answer: 666

666-1097

It deal with the study of principles of physics which are applicable to biological phenomena .

Question: 667

Define Colonial Organization and give example

Answer: 667

667-1097

Colonial Organization: In colonial type of cellular do not have any division of labour amony them Each unicellular organismal in a colony lives its own life and does not depend on other cells for its vital requirements

Question: 668

What are the sources of electrons in electron transport chain?

Answer: 668

668-1097

NADH and FADH2 release electrons and hydrogen ions

Question: 669

What is over intake of nutrients?

Answer: 669

669-1097

Over intake of nutrients causes a number of health problems. For example high intake of carbohydrates and fats leads to obesity, diabetes, and cardio vascular problems. Similarly high doze of vitamin A causes loss of appetite and deposition of calcium in various tissues

Question: 670

How can balanced diet be related to activity of human?

Answer: 670

670-1097

Different people have different life styles and varied nature of work. A man with sedentary habits does not require as much energy as the man who is on his feet for most of the day.

Question: 671

What is the role of manganese in plant's growth?

Answer: 671

671-1097

Manganese is involved in enzyme activity for photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen metabolism.

Question: 672

How is energy used in life processes?

Answer: 672

672-1097

Various life processes in organisms involve constant flow of energy. This energy flow comprises the acquisition transformation, and use of energy for various life p like growth. movement. reproduction etc

Question: 673

Different between population and community ?

Answer: 673

673-1097

Population:is define as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place

Question: 674

What is anemia?

Answer: 674

674-1097

The term anemia literally means "a lack of blood". It is caused when the number of red blood cells is reduced than the normal. If body fails to receive sufficient amount of iron, adequate number of haemoglobin molecules are not formed. In this case, there is not enough functioning of red blood cells. The patient is weak and there is shortage of oxygen. supply to body's cells.

Question: 675

Think of a body which is at rest, but not in equilibrium?

Answer: 675

675-1097

A ball thrown upward becomes at rest at the top. At this state it is not in equilibrium, although it is at rest.

Question: 676

How is water and salt reached to mesophyll cells in vascular plants ?

Answer: 676

676-1097

In non-vascular plants xylem tissues carry water and salts to mesophyll cells

Question: 677

Why full grain bread is better than wheat bread ?

Answer: 677

677-1097

Because grain bread or wheat bread is the part of the dietary fiber

Question: 678

What are the major causes of famine?

Answer: 678

678-1097

Famine may be due to:

(i) Unequal distribution of food

(ii) Drought

(iii) Flooding

(iv) Increasing population

Question: 679

Write comparison between cell level and tissue level

Answer: 679

679-1097

Cell level: Cell or cell level organization is a unit of structure and function of living organisms

A cell level organization is composed of different subcellular organelles performing specific functions

Question: 680

What are the sources of elements to plants?

Answer: 680

680-1097

Plants absorb carbon and oxygen from air. while other elements are absorbed from soil.

Question: 681

Name vegetative and reproductive parts of mustard plants ?

Answer: 681

681-1097

Reproductive parts:Flowers

Question: 682

If due to any reason, the direction of peristalsis reverses, what would be the result?

Answer: 682

682-1097

Vomiting

Question: 683

Differentiate between Cell biology and Histology.

Answer: 683

683-1097

Cell Biology : The study of the structures and function of cell and cell organelles is called cell biology

Question: 684

What are functions of saliva?

Answer: 684

684-1097

Saliva performs following functions. -

(i) It adds water and mucous to lubricate the food.

(ii) It contains an enzyme amylase which helps in the semi-digestion of starch

Question: 685

What is famine?

Answer: 685

685-1097

Famine means the lack of enough food to feed all the people living in an area.

Question: 686

What is meant by churning?

Answer: 686

686-1097

The process, in which the walls of the stomach contract and relax and mix food and gastric juice. is called churning. During this process heat is produced which help to melt the lipids of food.

Question: 687

Why is the calcium and hydrogen important for plant?

Answer: 687

687-1097

Hydrogen is necessary for building biomolecules. Calcium activates

enzymes, structural component of cell wall and influences water movements in cells.

Question: 688

Define absorption

Answer: 688

688-1097

The process of diffusion of digested food into blood and lymph is called absorption.

Question: 689

Define lactic acid fermentation

Answer: 689

689-1097

The type of anaerobic respiration in which , each pyruvic acid molecule is broken down into lactic acid (C₆H₆O₃) is called lactic acid fermentation . It occurs in skeletal muscles of humans ,and animals when oxygen supply is not sufficient

Question: 690

Explain Medicine and surgery career in biology ?

Answer: 690

690-1097

Medicine:The profession of medicine deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human .

Question: 691

Write down the scientific name of Frog and two characteristic

Answer: 691

691-1097

The scientific name of Frog is Rana tigrine

Question: 692

What are common forms of malnutrition?

Answer: 692

692-1097

Common forms of malnutrition include

1: CO Protein energy malnutrition include (PEM)

2: Mineral energy malnutrition

3: Over in takes of nutrients (0LN).

Question: 693

What is meant by Bio-Elements

Answer: 693

693-1097

Out of the 92 kinds of elements that occur in nature 16 are bioelements These take part in makin the body mass of a living organisms Out of these bioelements Only sex and make of the total mass Other ten One collectively make of the total mass

Question: 694

Define Biotechnology ?

Answer: 694

694-1097

Biotechnology deals with the practical application of the living organisms to make substances for the welfare of mankind

Question: 695

How is food digested in stomach?

Answer: 695

695-1097

When food enters the stomach, the gastric glands secrete gastric juice, which contains mucous, digestive enzyme and pepsinogen to pepsin ,which digest proteins of food into polypetides and shorter pepide chains HCl also kills micro-organisms.

Question: 696

Which are different groups of vitamins ?

Answer: 696

696-1097

Vitamins may be divided into two groups

1: The fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A,D,E,and K

Question: 697

Name different phases of nutrition in helium

Answer: 697

697-1097

The nutrition in humans comprises of following phases

1: Ingestion

2: Absorption

3: Digestion

4: Assimilation

5 Ingestion

6: Defecation

Question: 698

Name the major components of human's food?

Answer: 698

698-1097

The nutrients used by humans include carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, proteins, minerals and vitamins. Beside these nutrients, they also required water.

Question: 699

Name the famous writings of Abdul Malik Asmai ?

Answer: 699

699-1097

Al-Nabatat and Al- Hyawan are the written by jabir bin hayanfamous writings of Abdul Malik Asmaiwere Al- Abil Camel Al khail horses Al-Wahoosh kalaq al ansan

Question: 700

What are heterotrophic organisms?

Answer: 700

700-1097

The organisms, which obtain their food from other organisms and use it for growth and energy. are called heterotrophic organisms.

Question: 701

Name three differenced parts of small intestine?

Answer: 701

701-1097

i) First part is duodenum, which is 25cm long and here most of the digestive process occurs.

(ii) Second is jejunum, which is 2.4m long which is concerned with the rest of the digestion of the proteins, starch and lipids.

(iii) Last is ileum, which is 3.5m long it is concerned with the absorption of digested food.

Question: 702

What are amino acids?

Answer: 702

702-1097

Acids are building blocks of proteins. These are of 20 different types.

Question: 703

Which processes generate and break ATP?

Answer: 703

703-1097

ATP is generated by energy-releasing processes and is broken down by energy consuming processes, in this way ATP transfers energy between metabolic reactions

Question: 704

What is biosphere level ?

Answer: 704

704-1097

The part of level inhabited by organisms communities is known as biosphere

Question: 705

If we supply inorganic and organic fertilizers to a plant, which one would be first available to the plant for uptake?

Answer: 705

705-1097

Inorganic fertilizer

Question: 706

What is the net yield of ATPs in aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer: 706

706-1097

The net yield of ATP in aerobic respiration is = 36 ---during anaerobic oxidation of glucose molecule only 2ATP molecule are gained as the net profit because there is no kreb-cycle and electron transport chain in anaerobic, respiration

Question: 707

How much energy is obtained by one gam of protein ?

Answer: 707

707-1097

One gram of protein contains 04 kilocalories of energy

Question: 708

What are faeces?

Answer: 708

708-1097

The solid remains of food which contain undigested material are called faeces. Faeces also contain bacteria, sloughed off cells of alimentary canal, bile pigment and water.

Question: 709

What role is played by iron in humans ?

Answer: 709

709-1097

Iron plays a major role in oxygen transport and storage . It is a component of hemoglobin in red blood cells and myoglobin in muscles cells . Cellular energy production also requires iron . It acts as enzymes cofactor . Iron also support immune function

Question: 710

Write two functions of muscular tissue

Answer: 710

710-1097

Muscular tissue moves the bones of skeleton

Muscular tissue makes heart beat

Question: 711

Define emulsification.

Answer: 711

711-1097

The breakdown of fat molecules by the bile salt of bile is called emulsification.

Question: 712

What is meant by Bio economics ?

Answer: 712

712-1097

Bio Economics deals with the study of organisms from economical point of views. For example the cost value and profit value of the yield of wheat can be calculated through bio economics and benefits or losses can be determine

Question: 713

In which part of the alimentary canal the maximum absorption of nutrients occurs?

Answer: 713

713-1097

Small intestine

Question: 714

What do you know about liver?

Answer: 714

714-1097

Ans: Liver is the largest gland of body. It is multi-lobed and dark reddish in appearance. It %%eight 1.5 kg and is the size of a football. It lies beneath the diaphragm on the right side of abdomen. Its right lobe is larger than left lobe. A pear shaped greenish yellow sac i.e. gall bladder lies along the right lobe of liver on ventral side.

Question: 715

What is appendix?

Answer: 715

715-1097

A non-functional finger-like process called appendix arises from the blind end of caecum. Inflammation of appendix due to infection causes severe pain. The infected appendix must be removed surgically otherwise it may burst and inflammation

Question: 716

What is dietary fibres?

Answer: 716

716-1097

Dietary fibres (also known as roughage) is the part of human food that is indigestible. It is found only in plant food and it moves undigested through, stomach and small intestine and into colon.

Question: 717

What is Z- Scheme?

Answer: 717

717-1097

The whole series of light reactions is called as Z- scheme due to its Z- shaped flow chart

Question: 718

What is the effect of deficiency of nutrients?

Answer: 718

718-1097

If any one of nutrients is not available to plant. they show abnormalities and do not grow normally.

Question: 719

How does nutrition occur in humans ?

Answer: 719

719-1097

Nutrition in humans comprises of five phases name ingestion , digestion , absorption , assimilation and defecation

Question: 720

Define population ?

Answer: 720

720-1097

A population is define as a group of organisms of the same species located at the same place, in the same time

Example: Human population in Pakistan in 2010 comprises of 173.5 million individual

Question: 721

Which disease are caused by deficiency of iron ?

Answer: 721

721-1097

Iron deficiency cause anaemia

Question: 722

Write down the scientific name of crow and frog ?

Answer: 722

722-1097

Frog:Rana tigrain
House Crow:Corvus splendens

Question: 723

Define socio-biology ?

Answer: 723

723-1097

Socio biology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of social behaviour of animals that make societies

Question: 724

What is ulcer?

Answer: 724

724-1097

Ulcer (peptic ulcer) is a sore in the inner wall of gut (in stomach, oesophagus or duodenum). In ulcer, the acidic gastric juice gradually breaks down the tissue of the inner wall.

Question: 725

How is ulcer treated?

Answer: 725

725-1097

Ulcer is treated with medicines which neutralize the acidic affects of gastric juice.

Question: 726

What is constipation?

Answer: 726

726-1097

Constipation is a condition where a person experiences hard faeces that are difficult to eliminate.

Question: 727

How can constipation be prevented

Answer: 727

727-1097

One should take the required quantities of water and dietary fibres

Question: 728

What are preventions of diarrhea?

Answer: 728

728-1097

Preventions of diarrhea include taking proper water and essential salts, eating regularly and taking hygienic measures.

Question: 729

What is species ?

Answer: 729

729-1097

A species is a group of organisms which can interbreed freely among them and can offsring but are reproductively isolated from all other such groups in nature

Question: 730

What are organic fertilizers?

Answer: 730

730-1097

Organic fertilizers are derived from plant and animal materials. They are more complex sad take time to be broken down into forms usable by plants Manure and compost are used as organic fertilizers.

Question: 731

Write the name of vegetable organs of plants ?

Answer: 731

731-1097

Roots steams branches and leaves are the vegetative organs plants, which do not take part in the sexual reproduction of the plants

Question: 732

What are enzymes ?

Answer: 732

732-1097

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze |(i-e speed up ) biochemical reactions and are not changed during the reaction

Question: 733

Which diseases are caused by mineral deficiency?

Answer: 733

733-1097

(i) Goiter

(ii) Anemia.

Question: 734

What are uses of lipids?

Answer: 734

734-1097

Lipids are used to form membranes, the sheaths surrounding neurons and certain hormones. Lipids are also extremely useful source of energy

Question: 735

What is meant by Vegetative ?

Answer: 735

735-1097

All organs in livings organisms which do not take part in sexual reproduction are called Vegetative

Examples:Roots Steams Branches

Question: 736

Write role of calcium and fluoride in human body ?

Answer: 736

736-1097

Calcium activates enzymes and it is also needed for maintaining cell membranes and connective tissues and for activation of several enzymes . Fluoride stabilizes bone mineral and hardens the tooth enamel

Question: 737

Write the name of three main division of biology ?

Answer: 737

737-1097

Three main division of biology are given below:

Zoology:This division of biology deals with the study of animals

Botany:This division of biology deals with the study of plants

Microbiology: This division of biology deals with the study of micro-organisms

Question: 738

What happens in malnutrition?

Answer: 738

738-1097

Problems related to nutrition are grouped as malnutrition. It most often refers to under nutrition resulting from inadequate consumption, poor absorption or excessive loss of nutrients. Malnutrition also includes over nutrition, resulting front over eating or excessive intake of specific nutrient.

Question: 739

What are environmental hazards related to fertilizers use ?

Answer: 739

739-1097

1: The massive quantities of inorganic fertilizers after the nutrient , holding capacity

Question: 740

What is human alimentary canal?

Answer: 740

740-1097

The digestive system of human consists of a long tube that extends from mouth to anus. This tube is called alimentary canal and its main sections are oral cavity. pharynx, oesophagus, stomach small intestine and large intestine. In addition there are many associated gland i.e , salivary glands, liver, pancreas.

Question: 741

What is the role of potassium in plans life?

Answer: 741

741-1097

Potassium regulates the opening and closing of stoma and reduces water loss from leaves

Question: 742

Differentiate between digestion and defecation .

Answer: 742

742-1097

The process of breaking up complex substances into simple substances is called digestion

Elimination in undigested food from the body called defecation

Question: 743

Define anaerobic respiration .

Answer: 743

743-1097

The cellular respiration occurring in the absence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration

Question: 744

What is the importance of calcium in humans ?

Answer: 744

744-1097

Calcium is essential for the development and maintenance of bones and teeth . It is also needed for maintaining cell membrane and connective tissues and for the activation of several enzymes . Calcium also adds in blood clotting

Question: 745

is protein formed and what is its function in the body ?

Answer: 745

745-1097

1: Proteins are composed of amino acids

2: They play a role as enzymes

3: They can be used for gaining energy

4: We use protein for growth

Question: 746

Define minerals.

Answer: 746

746-1097

Minerals are inorganic elements that originate in the earth and cannot be made in body.

Question: 747

what are parasites ? Define Parasitology .

Answer: 747

747-1097

Parasites:parasites are the organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm them

Question: 748

Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated spoil fatty acid, give one example .

Answer: 748

748-1097

Saturated fatty acid : Theses have all their C-atoms bonded to Haltom's

These solid at room temperature e.g Butter contains 70% saturated fatty acid

Question: 749

Which food are sources of carbohydrates?

Answer: 749

749-1097

Bread, pastas, beans, potatoes, bran, rice and cereals are sources of carbohydrates.

Question: 750

Define Habitat ?

Answer: 750

750-1097

Habitat means the are of the environmental in which organism lives .

Question: 751

What is meant by flooding?

Answer: 751

751-1097

Ans: Flooding: It occurs due to more than normal rainfall or due to weak water distribution system. Rivers and canals overflow their banks and destroy the soil quality of agricultural lauds. It becomes impossible to gross crops immediately after flooding. In this way, flooding may be a reason for short-term famine.

Question: 752

What is the function of vitamin C in the body ?

Answer: 752

752-1097

Vitamin C in white blood cells enables the immune system of function properly . It is needed to form the collagen a fibrous protein )that gives strenght to connective tissues

Question: 753

Define colonial organization ?

Answer: 753

753-1097

in colonial type o cellular organization live together but do not have any division of labour among them.Each unicellular organisms in a colony lives its own life and dose not depend on other cells for its virtual requirement

Question: 754

How are minerals important for humans ?

Answer: 754

754-1097

Minerals play an important roles in various body functions and necessary to maintain health

Question: 755

What is protein energy malnutrition?(PEM).

Answer: 755

755-1097

Protein energy malnutrition means inadequate availablility or absorption of energy and protein in the body. It is the cause of death in children in developing countries.

Question: 756

Who discovered Krebs cycle?

Answer: 756

756-1097

A British biochemist. Sir Hans Krebs discovered this Krebs cycle.

Question: 757

List the name of ,major minerals .

Answer: 757

757-1097

Iron , Zinc , chromium , fluoride , iodine are face minerals are face minerals

Question: 758

Differentiate between major minerals and trace minerals .

Answer: 758

758-1097

Major minerals : Major minerals are required in the amounts of 100mg (milligrams) or more per day

Question: 759

Differentiate between micro-molecular and macro-molecular ? with example

Answer: 759

759-1097

Micro-molecular:Molecular with low molecular weight are called micro-molecular

Example:Glucose, Water

Question: 760

List the most terrible famines of twentieth century.

Answer: 760

760-1097

The most terrible famines of the twentieth century are; The Ethiopian famine 1983-85 The North Korean famine 1990

Question: 761

Which three secretions are present in small intestine?

Answer: 761

761-1097

(i) Bile from liver helps in the digestion of lipids. Pancreatic juice from pancreas, which contain trypsin, pancreatic amylase and lipids, which digest protein, carbohydrate and lipids respectively.

(ii) Intestinal juice from intestine walls which contain many enzyme for complete digestion of all kinds of food.

Question: 762

What is eutrophication ? What is its effect on earth ?

Answer: 762

762-1097

Eutrophication is defined as increase in chemical nutrient in an ecosystem . The extra amount chemical nutrients may cause of increase of soul activity

Question: 763

Write down the level of organization is sequence?

Answer: 763

763-1097

Sub atomic and Atomic level
Molecular level
Organ and organ system level
tissue level
Organisms level
population Level
Community Level

Question: 764

Write the role of phosphorous and zinc in plant ?

Answer: 764

764-1097

Phosphorous : Component of ATP nuclei acids and coenzymes , necessary for seed germination , photosynthesis , protein formation etc .

Question: 765

Write two function of muscular tissue ?

Answer: 765

765-1097

Muscular tissue move to bones of skeleton
Muscular tissue makes heart beat

Question: 766

Why carbohydrates are important for man ?

Answer: 766

766-1097

Carbohydrates are important for human because it is most common source of energy

Question: 767

Write the names of two tissues present in stomach

Answer: 767

767-1097

Epithelial Tissue, Muscular Tissue

Question: 768

How can balanced diet be related to gender?

Answer: 768

768-1097

Gender has an impact on the requirements of a balanced diet. Women have comparatively less metabolic rate than the men of same age and weight. So men need a balanced diet that pros ides comparatively more energy than the women require.

Question: 769

Write the name of two tissues present in stomach ?

Answer: 769

769-1097

(i) Epithelial tissue

(ii) Muscular Tissue

Question: 770

How does mutton provide us proteins?

Answer: 770

770-1097

When we eat mutton and digest its proteins into amino acids. These amino acids are used to synthesize our proteins.

Question: 771

Difference between valency and free radical.

Answer: 771

771-1097

Valency:

The combining capacity of an element with other elements is called valency. For example sodium valency is 1.

Question: 772

Write the names of two juices secreted in small intestine of man

Answer: 772

772-1097

Pancreatic juice , intestinal juice

Question: 773

What is the largest gland of human body and where it is located ?

Answer: 773

773-1097

Liver is the largest gland of human body . It lies beneath the diaphragm on the right hand side of abdomen

Question: 774

What is gastrin?

Answer: 774

774-1097

Some cells of stomach walls release a hormone called gastrin. This hormone enters blood and is distributed to all parts of body. In stomach, it has specific effect and stimulates the gastric glands to secrete more gastric juice.

Question: 775

What are causes of diarrhea?

Answer: 775

775-1097

The main causes of diarrhea include lack of adequate safe water. Diarrhea is also caused by viral or bacterial infections of large intestine.

Question: 776

Deficiency of which vitamin cause Osteomalcia ? Write down one symptom.

Answer: 776

776-1097

Due to deficiency in vitamin D . It can produce 'soft bones ' and risk fen-fractures in bones

Question: 777

Give causes of obesity

Answer: 777

777-1097

Obesity means becoming over-weight and it may also be due to malnutrition . People who take food that contains energy more than their requirements and do very little physical work can become obese . Obesity is known as the mother-disease and may lead to heart problem hypertensions , diabetes etc

Question: 778

What is the scientific name of mustard plant Describe its twoi advantages

Answer: 778

778-1097

The scientific name of Mustard plant is brassica composters This plant is sown in winter and it produces seeds at the end of winter

Question: 779

Describe any four sources of proteins .

Answer: 779

779-1097

Meat, eggs , grains , legumes

Question: 780

How can balance diet be related to age?

Answer: 780

780-1097

During growth period of the body there is higher metabolic rates in body cells and so the body needs a balanced diet that contains more energy. Adults need less proteins per kg body weight but growing boy or girl needs more protein/kg body weight- similarly children need more calcium and iron for their growing bones and red blood cells respectively.

Question: 781

What is the role of fibres supplements in human body?

Answer: 781

781-1097

Fibres supplements (such as ispaghol husk) when taken properly may help in constipation an in lowering cholesterol level.

Question: 782

What are villi?

Answer: 782

782-1097

There are circular folds in the inner wall of ilium. These folds have numerous finger like projections called Villi. Villi increase the surface area of the inner walls and it helps a lot in the absorption of digested food.

Question: 783

Define nutrition.

Answer: 783

783-1097

The process in which food is obtained or prepared, absorbed and convened into body substances for growth and energy, is called nutrition.

Question: 784

What are effects of malnutrition?

Answer: 784

784-1097

An extended period of malnutrition:

(i) Starvation

(ii) Heart diseases

(iii) Constipation

(iv) Obesity

Question: 785

Write down the characteristic of frog?

Answer: 785

785-1097

Frog has multicellular organization of its body.
His body is made up of organs system and each organs system and each organs system consists of related organs.
All body organs of frog are made up of specific tissues.

Question: 786

Describe any two functions of liver besides digestion .

Answer: 786

786-1097

It destroys the old red blood cells . It converts ammonia to less toxic from urea

Question: 787

What do you know about the professional "Agriculture" ?

Answer: 787

787-1097

Agriculture is the profession deals with the foods of crops and the animals which are the source of food An agriculturist work for the betterment of crops like wheat rice corn e.t.c

Question: 788

For what purpose phloem tissue is responsible?

Answer: 788

788-1097

Phloem tissue is responsible for the conduction of dissolved organic matter between different parts of plant body from source to sink.

Question: 789

What is significance of symbol and elements.

Answer: 789

789-1097

Symbol is the identification used for the chemical name of the element .

It represents the only one atom of the element. Symbolic representation is abbreviation for the name of element

Question: 790

Differentiate between organic and inorganic fertilizers.

Answer: 790

790-1097

Organic fertilizerOrganic fertilizers are derived from plants and animals. They are more complex and take time to be broken down into forms usable by Plants. Mature and compast are used as organic fertilizers They can increase soil drainage aeration and soi ability to hold-nutrient

Question: 791

What is the role of liver in digestive system?

Answer: 791

791-1097

Liver secretes bile, which is stored in gall bladder, when gall bladder contracts ,the, bile is released to duodenum through common duct

Question: 792

What are fertilizers?

Answer: 792

792-1097

Certain materials. the addition of which to soil sometimes resulted in plants which desirable characteristics (e.g more fruit, faster growth, more attractive flowers) are named as fertilize, Fertilizers are broadly classification as organic and inorganic

Question: 793

Where this lose occur?

Answer: 793

793-1097

This loss may occur through stomata in leaves, through the cuticle present on leaf epidermis.

Question: 794

For what purpose xylem cells are responsible?.

Answer: 794

794-1097

Xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved substances from roots to aerial parts.

Question: 795

You see pus at the site of infection on your skin. How is it formed?

Answer: 795

795-1097

WBCs die in the process of killing the germs. These dead cells accumulate and make the white substance called pus, seen at infection sites.

Question: 796

Write any three, functions of liver.

Answer: 796

796-1097

(i) Destroys old red blood cells.

(ii) Converts ammonia to less toxic form i.e. urea.

(iii) t ore blood clotting proteins called fibrinogen.

Question: 797

What is the role of molybdenum in plant's growth?

Answer: 797

797-1097

Molybdenum is component of the enzyme that reduces nitrates to ammonia, and makes many amino acids.

Question: 798

What is goiter?

Answer: 798

798-1097

Goiter is a condition caused by an insufficient amount of iodine in diet. Iodine is used by thyroid gland to produce hormones that control the body's normal functioning and growth. If sufficient iodine is not available in a person's diet, thyroid gland becomes enlarged and it results in swelling in neck. This condition is goiter.

Question: 799

What is stomach?

Answer: 799

799-1097

The stomach is a dilated part of the alimentary canal which is j-shaped and located in the left ofabdomen, just beneath diaphragm.

It has two main portions.

(i) The cardiac portion is immediately after oesophagus.

(ii) Pyloric portion is located beneath the cardiac portion.

Question: 800

What role does the pericardia Fluid

Answer: 800

800-1097

Heart is enclosed in a sac known as pericardium. There is a fluid, known as pericardial fluid, between pericardium and heart walls. It reduces friction between pericardium and heart, during heart contractions.

Question: 801

What are carbohydrates?

Answer: 801

801-1097

Carbohydrates are organic compounds, which are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates are the basic sources of energy for all animals.

Question: 802

Which health problems are caused by over intake of nutrients?

Answer: 802

802-1097

Over intake of nutrients causes obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular problems, high does of vitamin A causes loss of appetite and liver problems, excess use of calcium result deposition of calcium in various tissues.

Question: 803

Write the symptoms of goiter and Anaemia ?

Answer: 803

803-1097

If sufficient iodine is not available a person diet thyroid gland became enlarge and cause in swallowing of Neck . If body fails to receive amount of iron adequate no of hemoglobin molecular are nor formed . Then the patient is weak and there is a shortage oxygen supply

Question: 804

Which food are sources of proteins ?

Answer: 804

804-1097

Dietary sources of proteins are meat, eggs , grains , legumes and dairy products such as milk and cheese

Question: 805

Which thing can change the pH of the blood?

Answer: 805

805-1097

change the pH of the blood

Question: 806

What are symptoms of Ulcer?

Answer: 806

806-1097

The symptoms of ulcer include abdominal burning after meals or at midnight. Severe ulcers may cause abdominal pain, rush of saliva after an episode of regurgitation, nausea, loss of appetite and weight loss.

Question: 807

What are vitamins ?

Answer: 807

807-1097

Vitamins are chemical compounds that are required in low amounts but are essential for normal growth and metabolism

Question: 808

What is fibrinogen.

Answer: 808

808-1097

Fibrinogen is a blood clotting protein found in plasma.

Question: 809

What is weight of blood in our body?

Answer: 809

809-1097

The weight of blood in our body is about 1/12' of our body. The average adult body has about 5liters of blood.

Question: 810

Write an achievements of Bu Ali Sina in biology ?

Answer: 810

810-1097

He is honoured as the founder of medicine and called as a Avecena in the west. he was a physican philosopher astronomer and poet

Question: 811

Why transpiration may be harmful process?

Answer: 811

811-1097

Transpiration may be a harmful process in the sense that during the condition of drought, loss of water from plant results in serious desiccation, wilting and often death.

Question: 812

What are preventive measures of Ulcer?

Answer: 812

812-1097

Spicy. acidic foods and smoking should be avoided as preventive measures.

Question: 813

What functions performed by oral cavity?Oral cavity is the space behind mouth and it performs following functions:

Answer: 813

813-1097

(i) Selection of food

(ii) Grinding of food

(iii) Lubrication

(iv) Digestion

Question: 814

Differentiate between species and habitat?

Answer: 814

814-1097

Species:Species is a group of organisms which can be interbreed among themselves to produce fertile offspring

Question: 815

How bacteria present in colon are important?

Answer: 815

815-1097

Bacteria in colon produce vitamin K, which is important in coagulation of blood.

Question: 816

Write two adverse effect carbonated soft drink

Answer: 816

816-1097

There is a growing concern about the harmful effects of carbonated soft drinks . They are very acidic and make our bodies poor in oxygen . They contain phosphoric acid which dissolves calcium out of the bones . This results in bones weakening . The caffeine present in colas increase the heart rate and raises blood pressure

Question: 817

What is pharynx?

Answer: 817

817-1097

A part of alimentary canal through which food in the form of bolus goes and makes special adaptations to prevent the entry of bolus particles in trachea. No digestion takes place in pharynx.

Question: 818

What are the harmful effects of dehydration?

Answer: 818

818-1097

Severe dehydration may result in cardiovascular problems

Question: 819

Which person art universal donors and universal recipients?

Answer: 819

819-1097

O blood group individuals are called universal donors, because they can donate blood to the recipients of every other blood group. AB blood group individuals are called universal recipients because they can receive transfusion from donors of every group.

Question: 820

Write sources and deficiency symptoms of Vitamin D ?

Answer: 820

820-1097

Fish liver oil , Milk , ghee and butter synthesized by skin .

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin D

Rickets in children ,osteomalacia in adults .

Question: 821

How different materials transport in human body?

Answer: 821

821-1097

Like other animals the task of transport of different materials in human body is performed by two systems i.e. blood circulatory system and lymphatic system. system

Question: 822

How blood is transfused considering Rh blood group system?

Answer: 822

822-1097

h-positive blood group can be transfused to Rh- positive recipient because recipient's blood already has Rh- antigens and it will not produce anti-Rh antibody similarly Rh-negative blood group can be transfused to Rh- negative Rh-negative.

Question: 823

What will happen if the blood is transfused between the person having different blood groups?

Answer: 823

823-1097

If the blood is transfused between person having different blood groups, it will result in agglutination (clumping cells) which will result in recipient's blood.

Question: 824

Write down two benefits of mustard plant ?

Answer: 824

824-1097

The plant body is used as vegetable
It seeds are used for extracting

Question: 825

In mammals when RBCs lost its nucleus?

Answer: 825

825-1097

When a red blood cell matures. its nucleus is lost.

Question: 826

Give the role of bile in indigestion .

Answer: 826

826-1097

Bile from liver help in digestion of lipids through emulsification by keeping : croplets separate from another

Question: 827

Name three parts of large intestine.

Answer: 827

827-1097

Large Intestine has Three Parts:

(i) Caecum

(ii) Colon

(iii) Rectum

Question: 828

How can constipation be treated?

Answer: 828

828-1097

Treatment of constipation is with a change in dietary and exercise habits. The medicines called laxatives (e.g. paraffin) are used for treatment.

Question: 829

How can leukaemia be cured ?

Answer: 829

829-1097

It can be cured by bone marrow transplant , which is in most case effective but very expensive treatment . The patients needs to change the blood regularly with the normal blood , got from donors

Question: 830

What do you mean by sources and sinks according to the pressure flow mechanism?

Answer: 830

830-1097

Sources: Sources include the exporting organs, typically a mature leaf or storage organ. Sinks: Sinks are the areas of active metabolism or storage e.g. roots, tubers, developing fruits and leaves, and growing regions.

Question: 831

Where are faeces stored?

Answer: 831

831-1097

Faeces are temporarily stored in the rectum which opens out through anus-under normal condition, when rectum is filled up with faeces, it gives rise to a reflex and anus is opened for defectation.

Question: 832

Differentiate between autotrophic organisms and heterotrophic ?

Answer: 832

832-1097

Autotrophic organisms : Autotrophs are plants and organisms prepare their own food . Examples plants

Question: 833

What are two major veins ?

Answer: 833

833-1097

Two major veins are superior vena cave and inferior vena cava

Question: 834

When is blood transferred ?

Answer: 834

834-1097

Blood transfusion can be life saving in some situations , such as massive loss of blood due to injury or can be used to replace blood lost during surgery . People suffering from anemia ,haemophilia , thalassaemia or sickle - cell disease require frequent blood transfusion

Question: 835

How many cubic millimeters of WBC5 present in blood?

Answer: 835

835-1097

One cubic millimeter of blood contains 7000 to 8000 WBCs.

Question: 836

Which diseases are caused by protein energy malnutrition?

Answer: 836

836-1097

(i) Kwashiorkor: It is due to protein deficiency at the age of about 12 months. When breast-feeding is discontinued. Children may grow to normal height but are abnormally thin.

(ii) Marasmus: In it patients lose all their body fat and muscle strength and acquire a skeletal appearance. Children show poor growth. It develops between the ages of a 6 months and one year in children.

Question: 837

What is transport?

Answer: 837

837-1097

Transport means movement of material from one region to the other in the organisms

Question: 838

Write the role of calcium and potassium in plants life ?

Answer: 838

838-1097

Potassium

Regulates the opening and closing of the stomata , reduces water loss from the leaves

Calcium

Activates enzymes , is a structural component of cell wall , influences water movement in cells .

Question: 839

How does stomata open ?

Answer: 839

839-1097

When guard cells (bean shaped cells ) get water and become turgid ,their shapes are like two beans and the stomata between them opens

Question: 840

Transpiration is a necessary evil , Give comments

Answer: 840

840-1097

Transpiration is called a necessary evil it means that transpiration is a potentially harmful process but it is unavoidable too

Question: 841

Differentiate between Eoslnophils and Basophlls.

Answer: 841

841-1097

Eosinophlls :

These can break Inflammatory substances and kill parasites.

Question: 842

What is over intake of nutrients

Answer: 842

842-1097

(OIN) is a form of malnutrition in which more nutrients are taken than the amounts required for normal growth , development and metabolism

Question: 843

What is the-treatment for diarrhea?

Answer: 843

843-1097

The treatment for diarrhea involves consuming adequate amounts of water to replace the loss. preferably mixed with essential salts and some amount of nutrients. Antibiotics may be required if diarrhea is due to bacterial infection.

Question: 844

. Write difference between pericycle and endodermis

Answer: 844

844-1097

Outside the conducting tissues there is a narrow layer of thin walled cells the pericycle. A single layer of cells i.e. endodermis surrounds this per cycle

Question: 845

. What is transpiration pull?

Answer: 845

845-1097

The pulling force created by the transpiration of water is called transpirational pull. It helps water transport through plant.

Question: 846

What are the main causes of constipation ?

Answer: 846

846-1097

Excessive absorption of water through colon, insufficient intake of dietary ,fibre , dehydration ,use of medicine and tumors in rectum and anus

Question: 847

Write the effect of dengue fever on platelets

Answer: 847

847-1097

Platelets are destroyed . Their number reduces patient bleeds from the nose , gums and under the skin

Question: 848

What do you mean by vascular surgery ?

Answer: 848

848-1097

Vascular surgery is a field in surgery in which disease of arteries and veins (like thrombosis ) are managed by surgical methods . A vascular surgeon treats the disease of all parts of blood circulatory system except that of heart and brain

Question: 849

What are causes of constipation?

Answer: 849

849-1097

The main causes of constipation include excessive absorption of water through colon. insufficient intake of dietary fibre, dehydration, use of medicines (e.g. those containing iron. calcium and almunium)and tumours in rectum or anus

Question: 850

Define antigen .

Answer: 850

850-1097

An antigen is a molecule that can stimulate an immense response (antibody production ) located in the surface of the RBC

Question: 851

What is difference between cohesion and adhesion .

Answer: 851

851-1097

Cohesion : Water molecules cohere to each other

Question: 852

What products are formed after digestion?

Answer: 852

852-1097

Proteins are digested into amino acids, carbohydrates into glucose, lipids into fatty acids and glycerol. .

Question: 853

How water is an important for our diet ?

Answer: 853

853-1097

Water also functions as the environment in which water soluble food stuff is adsorbed in the intestine and the waste products are eliminated in urine

Question: 854

What are lenticels and where are they found in plant body?

Answer: 854

854-1097

The lenticel is the small pores which are present the bark of the stem.

Question: 855

Define angioplasty?

Answer: 855

855-1097

The mechanical widening of a narrowed or total obstructed blood vessels is called angioplasty

Question: 856

Which material is used to make cathode in electroplating ?

Answer: 856

856-1097

The cathode is made of the object that is to be electroplated e.g sheet of iron

Question: 857

Describe the structure of veins.

Answer: 857

857-1097

: The walls of veins are composed of the three layers. The tunica externa composed of connective tissue, tunica media made up of muscles and elastic tissue. tunica intimae made up of endothelia cells.

Question: 858

Write down any two advantages of fibrous food .

Answer: 858

858-1097

1: It helps in constipation

2: It helps in lowering cholesterol levels

Question: 859

How many cubic millimeter of blood RBCs present in males?

Answer: 859

859-1097

A cubic millimeter of blood contains 5 to 5.5 of RBCs in males.

Question: 860

Define electroplating

Answer: 860

860-1097

_{Electroplating is depositing off one metal over the other by means of electrolysis}

Question: 861

What is difference lenticel and stomata ?

Answer: 861

861-1097

Lenticels are present on the bark of some plants .Stomata are present on the epidermis of the leaves

Question: 862

Define blood Transfusion

Answer: 862

862-1097

Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood based products from one person (donor) into the circulatory system of another (recipient).

Question: 863

How are humidity affect of temperature on the rate of transpiration ?

Answer: 863

863-1097

Air humidity : When air is dry , water vapour diffuse more quickly from the surface of mesophyll cells into leaf air spaces and then from air spaces to outside . This increase the rate of transpiration . In humid air , the rate of the diffusion of water vapours is reduced and the rate of transpiration is low

Question: 864

What is drought ? Write down any of its two demerits

Answer: 864

864-1097

1: A drought is a period of time when there is not enough water to support agricultural and human needs

Question: 865

What is lacteal?

Answer: 865

865-1097

Large vessel of lymphatic system is called lacteal.

Question: 866

What is bypass surgery?

Answer: 866

866-1097

The surgery in which arteries or veins from elsewhere in the patients body are grafted to the coronary arteries to improve the blood supply to heart muscles is not sufficient but shortage is not enough to cause tissue death

Question: 867

Differentiate between assimilation an absorption .

Answer: 867

867-1097

Assimilation : It is the conversion of simple food into complex substances

Question: 868

What is stomatal transpiration?

Answer: 868

868-1097

The transpiration occurs through stomata and is called stomata] transpiration.

Question: 869

Define paleontology ?

Answer: 869

869-1097

The study of fossils is called paleontology

Question: 870

What are the cause of anemia and goiter disease of man ?

Answer: 870

870-1097

Deficiency of iron and iodine cause anaemia and goiter diseases of man

Question: 871

Write role and names of two scientists who work on Blood Circulatory system

Answer: 871

871-1097

Two important scientists Ibn-e-Nafees and William scientist who described the pathway of blood

Question: 872

What is bicuspid value?

Answer: 872

872-1097

The opening hem cell right atrium and left ventricle is guarded. by a valve called bicuspid valve (it contains 2 flaps)• It allows passage of blood from left atrium to left ventricle and prevent back flow

Question: 873

Define Heart.

Answer: 873

873-1097

The heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels by repeated contractions. It is an important organ of circulatory system.

Question: 874

Define molecular biology ?

Answer: 874

874-1097

This branch deals with the study of molecules of life e.g water, proteins ,carbohydrates ,lipids ,and nuclei acids

Question: 875

Write the names of disorder of gut .

Answer: 875

875-1097

1: Diarrohea

2: Constipation

3: Ulcer

Question: 876

Name the metal which is used for galvanizing iron

Answer: 876

876-1097

Zinc metal is used for galvanizing iron

Question: 877

Name of the important proteins present in ploasma.

Answer: 877

877-1097

The important proteins present in p antibodies, fibrinogen, albumin.

Question: 878

What is medicine and surgery ?

Answer: 878

878-1097

The profession of medicine deal with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in human In surgery the body parts may be repaired, replaced or removed.

Question: 879

What is the average life of R.B.C?

Answer: 879

879-1097

The average life of R.B.C.s is that 2-10 million red blood cells are formed and destroyed every second.

Question: 880

What is diarrhea and write the symptoms?

Answer: 880

880-1097

Diarrhea is a condition in which the sufferer has frequent watery, loose bowel movements which are accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. It occurs when required water is not absorbed in blood from colon.

Question: 881

Which respiratory gasses is present in plasma ?

Answer: 881

881-1097

It contains respiration gases like CO, and 02

Question: 882

Explain the role of O₂ in rusting ?

Answer: 882

882-1097

Oxygen plays important role in rusting . Electrons reduce the oxygen molecules in the presence oh H⁺ ions

Question: 883

Define bioeconomics.

Answer: 883

883-1097

It deals with the study organism from economical point of view. For example the cost value and profit value of the yield of wheat can be calculated through bioeconomics and or losses can be determined, and benefits and losses can be determined

Question: 884

What role does the pericardia Fluid

Answer: 884

884-1097

Heart is enclosed in a sac known as pericardium. There is a fluid, known as pericardial fluid. between pericardium and heart walls. It reduces friction between pericardium and heart, during heart contractions.

Question: 885

Differentiate between morphology and anatomy .

Answer: 885

885-1097

Morphology : The branch of biology , which deals with the study of the structure and forms of living organism is called morphology

Question: 886

Enlist four sources of Vitamin D .

Answer: 886

886-1097

Fish , liver oil milk , ghee (butter) synthesized by skin

Question: 887

State the best method for protection of metal from corrosion .

Answer: 887

887-1097

The best method for protection against the corrosion of metals exposed to acidic conditions is coating the metal with other metal . Corrosion resistant metals like Zn , Sn and Cr are coated on the surface of iron to protect it from corrosion

Question: 888

How transpiration is important for plants ?

Answer: 888

888-1097

Transpiration creates a pulling force called transpiration pull, which is principally responsible for the conduction of water and salts from roots to the aerial parts of the body

Question: 889

Define cell.

Answer: 889

889-1097

Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living things . It is made by many organelles

Question: 890

Define molecules

Answer: 890

890-1097

Atoms of different elements combine with each other through ionic and covalent bonding to make a stable particle which is called molecule

Question: 891

What is Rh blood group system?

Answer: 891

891-1097

It is discovered by Karl Landsteiner in this system, there are two blood group i.e Rh-positive and Rh- negative. These blood groups are distinct from each other on the basis of antigens called Rh-factors.

Question: 892

is the percentage of blood in human body ?

Answer: 892

892-1097

In a healthy person , plasma constitutes about 55% by volume of the blood and cells or cell - like bodies about 45% of the blood

Question: 893

Define biology ?

Answer: 893

893-1097

Biology is the study scientific study of life . The word biology has been driven two Greek words , bios meaning life , logos meaning thought or reasoning

Question: 894

Define biogeography

Answer: 894

894-1097

It deals with the study of the occurrence and distribution of different species of living organism in different Geographical regions of the world. It applies the knowledge of characteristics of particulars geographical regions to determine the characteristics of organism found there.

Question: 895

What are the major cause of ulcer ?

Answer: 895

895-1097

Long term use of anti-inflammatory medicines ,smoking , drinking coffee ,coals and eating spicy foods

Question: 896

Why organ system in animals is more complex than plants ?

Answer: 896

896-1097

The organ system level is less complex in plants (e.g root system ) as compared to animals . This is due ta a greater range of functions and activities in animals than in plants

Question: 897

Which of the major component of food is needed as the main structural component of the body?

Answer: 897

897-1097

Protein is needed as main structural component of the body.

Question: 898

What is blood cross match?

Answer: 898

898-1097

It is used for the confirmation of no agglutination: blood samples of donor and recipient are cross-matched.

Question: 899

What is pericardium?

Answer: 899

899-1097

Heart is enclosed in a sac known as pericardium. There is a fluid known as pericardial fluid between pericardium and heart walls. It reduces friction between pericardium and heart. during heart contraction.

Question: 900

What are different groups of living organisms ?

Answer: 900

900-1097

There are five groups of living organisms

1: Prokaryotes

2: Protist

3: Fungi

4: Plants

5: Animals

Question: 901

Which affects the rate of transpiration ?

Answer: 901

901-1097

There are following factors affect the rate of transpiration

1: Temperature

2: Air humidity

3:Air movement

4: Leaf surface area

Question: 902

Define pulse .

Answer: 902

902-1097

Pulse is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as the blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of heart

Question: 903

Name famous books of Jabar Bin Hayan and Abdul Malik Asmai

Answer: 903

903-1097

Al-Nabatat , Al-Haywan , Al-Abil(Camel) , Al-Khalil (Horse) Al-Wahoosh (Animal) and Khalq al- Ansan

Question: 904

Define organ system

Answer: 904

904-1097

Different organs performing related functions are organized together in the form of an organ system . In organ system each organ performs a specific function

Question: 905

Define biomolecules .

Answer: 905

905-1097

The stable particles which is made by atoms of biochemist i-e carbon, nitrogen , sulphur , etc through ionic or covalent bonding is called biomolecules

Question: 906

How are basis of interdisciplinary science formed?

Answer: 906

906-1097

Each branch of science has relationship with all other branches. For example, when studying movements in animals, the biologists have to refer to laws of motion in physics. This formed the basis of interdisciplinary science

Question: 907

What is the biosphere level ?

Answer: 907

907-1097

The part of the earth inherited by organisms communities is known as biosphere. It constitutes all ecosystem (areas where living organisms interact with the non-living components of the environment ) and is also called the zone of life on earth

Question: 908

What is composition of blood?

Answer: 908

908-1097

Blood is specialized body fluid that is composed of a liquid called blood plasma and blood cells. It consist of 45% blood cell and 55% blood plasma

Question: 909

What are the two main types of white blood cell?How do they differ?

Answer: 909

909-1097

There are main two types of white blood cell.

(i) Granulocytes: Granulocytes have granular cytoplasm, These include neutrophils, Eosinophil and basophils

Question: 910

State physical properties of metals

Answer: 910

910-1097

1: Almost all metals are solids (except mercury)

2: Metals have high melting and boiling points

Question: 911

Name the part of Human alimentary canal

Answer: 911

911-1097

Oral cavity , phyrance , esophague , stomachs , small intestine , large intestine and salivary gland

Question: 912

What is volvox ?

Answer: 912

912-1097

Volvox is a green algae found in water that shows colonial organization . Hundreds of volvox cells make a colony

Question: 913

Define biophysics.

Answer: 913

913-1097

It deals with the study of the principles of physics, which are applicable to biological phenomena. For example there is a simil ity between the working principles of lever in physics and limbs of animal in biology

Question: 914

Define the terms systole and diastole.

Answer: 914

914-1097

Systole: When both atria contract and pump blood towards ventricles. This period in cardiac cycle is called atrial systole. Atrial systole takes about 0.1 seconds When both ventricles contract and pump blood towards body and lungs. The period of ventricular contraction ins called ventricular systole. Ventricular systole lasts about 0.3 seconds

Question: 915

How do different types of tissues functions in one organ ?

Answer: 915

915-1097

In stomach (organ) two major tissues

1: Epithelial tissues , which secrete gastric juice and

2: Muscular tissues perform contraction of stomach walls for grinding of food , and moving food to posterior end

Question: 916

Which characteristics should a hypothesis have ?

Answer: 916

916-1097

A hypothesis should have the following characteristics

1: It should be a general statement

2: It should agree with available observations

3: It should be a tentative idea

4: It should be kept as simple as possible

5: It should be testable and potentially falsifiable

Question: 917

Describe any two applications of Horticulture in daily life

Answer: 917

917-1097

1: Betterment of existing varieties of plants

2: Production of new varieties of ornamental plants and fruits

Question: 918

What are the risk factors of cardiovascular disorders ?

Answer: 918

918-1097

The risk factors that lead to cardiovascular problem include advanced age , diabetes ,high blood concentration of low -density lipids (cholestrol) and trigylycerides , tobacco smoking, high blood pressure (hypertension ) ,obesity and sedentary lifestyles

Question: 919

How would you differentiate between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis ?

Answer: 919

919-1097

Atherosclerosis: atherosclerosis is commonly referred to as it is a chronic disease in which accumulation of fatty materials , cholesterol or fibrin in arteries . When this condition is severe , arteries , can no longer expand and contract properly and blood moves through them with very difficult

Question: 920

Describe the presence of antigens and antibodies in different blood groups?

Answer: 920

920-1097

The antibodies i.e. anti A & anti-B antibodies appear in the blood and are present according to the absence of corresponding antigen. In persons with blood group B, antigen B is present and they contain antibody A. The person having blood group AB, antibodies are absent and person having blood group 0 have antibodies A and B Both.

Question: 921

What are the main components of human blood circulatory

Answer: 921

921-1097

Circulatory system are blood, heart and blood vessels.

Question: 922

What is an atom and sub-atomic particles?

Answer: 922

922-1097

Smallest particle of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction is called an atom. Sub-1 atomic particles are by which atoms are made e.g. electron, proton & neutron.

Question: 923

What role does this step play in scientific method ?

Answer: 923

923-1097

Publishing of results is an essential part of the scientific method . It allows other people to verify the results or apply the knowledge to solve other problems

Question: 924

Write the importance of water for plants .

Answer: 924

924-1097

Water is vital to plants life. It is necessary not just for photosynthesis and turgor but much of the cellular activities occur in the presence of water molecules and the internal temperature of the plants also regulated by water .

Question: 925

Give a reason for the creation of transpiration pull?

Answer: 925

925-1097

Following are the reasons for the creation of transpirational pull.

• Water is held in a tube (xylem) that has small diameter.

• Water molecules adhere to the walls of xylem tube (adhesion).

• Water molecules cohere to each other (cohesion).

• These attractions make an overall tension among water molecules. This tension forms 'column of water. The columns of water move from root to shoot and the water content of the soil enter in these columns

Question: 926

Differentiate between pepsin and pepsinogen .

Answer: 926

926-1097

Pepsin is an enzyme which digest protein in stomach cavity

Question: 927

What are the functions of root ?

Answer: 927

927-1097

In addition to anchoring the plant , roots perform two other vital functions

1: They absorb water and salts from soil

2: They provide conducting tissues for distributing these substances to the tissues of the stem

Question: 928

Man has always been a biologists .Explain

Answer: 928

928-1097

Man has always a biologists . He had to be a biologists in order to live . Early in history, he was a hunter of animals and gather fruits ,seeds,roots etc . The more he knew about plants ,the better he distinguished between edible and non-edible plants

Question: 929

Which systems are present in Human for transport of materials?

Answer: 929

929-1097

: Like other higher animals, the task of the transport of different material in human body is performed by two systems. i.e. blood circulatory system and lymphatic system. The two systems are well coordinated and associated with each other.

Question: 930

What is the function of reproductive parts of plants ?

Answer: 930

930-1097

Flowers take part in sexual reproduction and produce fruits and seeds

Question: 931

On what basis blood is classified into different groups?

Answer: 931

931-1097

Blood group on the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

Question: 932

Differentiate between Arteries and Veins

Answer: 932

932-1097

Arteries:

These are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. The lumen of arteries is narrower than veins.

Question: 933

Name the major biological issues of modern age

Answer: 933

933-1097

Human population growth , infectious disease , addictive drugs and pollution are the major biological issues today

Question: 934

How many elements are found in nature ?

Answer: 934

934-1097

There are 92 different types of elements are found in nature

Question: 935

What hypothesis was made in case of malaria ?

Answer: 935

935-1097

Plasmodium is the cause of malaria

Question: 936

Define tissues.

Answer: 936

936-1097

We can define a tissues as a group of similar cells specialized for the performance of a common function.

Question: 937

What is angina pectoris ? Write its symptoms .

Answer: 937

937-1097

Angina pectoris means chest pain but not as severe as in heart attack. The pain may occur in heart and often in left arm and shoulder . It is the warning sign that the blood supply to heart muscles is not sufficient but shortage is not enough to cause tissue death

Question: 938

How do scientists summarize experimental results ?

Answer: 938

938-1097

Biologists gather actual , quantitative data from experiment . Data from each of the groups are then averaged and compared statistically . To draw conclusions , biologists also uses statistical analysis

Question: 939

What is the function of lipids in body and what are their sources ?

Answer: 939

939-1097

Lipids play many roles in bodies . They are used to form membranes , the sheaths surrounding neurons , and certain hormone lipids are also extremely useful energy

Question: 940

Why blood is pulmonary circulation is low pressure than that of in systematic circulation ?

Answer: 940

940-1097

Because it gives sufficient time to blood for gaseous exchange in lungs

Question: 941

What is habitat and how it is different from community ?

Answer: 941

941-1097

Habitat : It means the area of the environment in which organisms live

Question: 942

How many cubic millimeter of blood RBCs is present in female?

Answer: 942

942-1097

A cubic millimeter of blood contain 4 - 4.5 million of RBCs in female.

Question: 943

How does human heart work as double pump?

Answer: 943

943-1097

Human heart work as a double pump . It receives de-oxygenated (with less oxygen ) blood from body and pumps into lungs, At the same time , it receives oxygenated with more oxygen) blood from lungs and pumps it to all body . Inside heart chambers ,the deoxygenated and oxygenated bloods are kept separated .

Question: 944

What is meant by data observation ?

Answer: 944

944-1097

The collection and rearrangement of information to formulate and to test hypothesis is called data organization

Question: 945

What are the contributions of Bu Ali Sim ?

Answer: 945

945-1097

He is honoured as the founder of medicine and called as Avicenna in the west. He was a physician, philosopher, astronomer and poet. One of his books "Al-anon fi Tib" is known as the canon of medicine in West

Question: 946

Name three types of cellular organization ?

Answer: 946

946-1097

These are

1: Unicellular organization

2: Colonial organization

3: Multicellular organization

Question: 947

What is the role of potassium ions in the opening of stomata?

Answer: 947

947-1097

Recent studies have revealed that light causes the movement of potassium ions from epidermal cells into guard cells. Water follows these ions and enters guard cells. Thus their turgidity increases and stoma opens. As the day progresses, guard cells make glucose i.e. become hypertonic. So water stays in them. At the end of the day, potassium ions flow back from guard cells to epidermal cells and the concentration of glucose also falls. Due to it, water moves to epidermal cells and guard cells loose turgor. It causes the closure of stoma. 3. Define the cohesion-tension theory. Ans: According to this theory, the force which carries water (and dissolved materials) upward through the xylem is transpirational pull. Transpiration creates a pressure difference that pulls water and salts up from roots.

Question: 948

. Define capillaries

Answer: 948

948-1097

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels present in tissues. These are the vessels through which exchange of materials between blood and tissue fluid is carried out through capillaries

Question: 949

Name some plant tissues?

Answer: 949

949-1097

1: Epidermal tissues

2: Ground tissues

Question: 950

Which four observations were made about malaria in the last part of nineteenth century ?

Answer: 950

950-1097

1: Malaria and marshy areas have some relation

2: Quinine is an effecting drug for testing malaria

3: Drinking the water of marshes does not cause malaria

4: Plasmodium is seen in the blood of malarial patient

Question: 951

How electroplating of zinc is carried out ?

Answer: 951

951-1097

The zinc is deposited on the metal buy immersing it in a chemical bath containing electrolyte zinc sulphate . A current is applied which results in depositing of zinc on the target metal i-e cathode

Question: 952

Why is anode made up of a metal to be deposited during electrolysis ?

Answer: 952

952-1097

When the current is passed , the metal from anode dissolves in the solution and metallic ions migrate to the cathode and discharge or deposit in the cathode (object) As a result of this discharge , a thin layer of metal deposits on the object

Question: 953

What was the name of first medicine of malaria curing ?

Answer: 953

953-1097

The bark of a tree known as quina-quina was vey suitable for curing malaria

Question: 954

Give two examples of qualitative and two of quantitative observation .

Answer: 954

954-1097

Qualitative observation :

1:The freezing point of water is colder than the boiling point

2: A liter of water is heavier than a liter of ethanol

Question: 955

What is meant by hypertension ?

Answer: 955

955-1097

A condition in which blood pressure is higher than normal is called hypertension . Normal B.P is 120/180 mm/Hg

Question: 956

What is the effect of temperature on the rate of transpiration?

Answer: 956

956-1097

Higher temperature reduces the humidity of surroundings air and also increases the kinetic energy of water molecules . In this way it increases the rate of transpiration . The rate of transpiration double with every rise 10 oC in temperature i-e 40-45 oC cause closure of stomata , so transpiration stops and plant does not losses the much needed water

Question: 957

Which thing causes water to move by osmosis from the xylem?

Answer: 957

957-1097

Mesophyll cell causes water to move by osmosis from the xylem of leaf.

Question: 958

Which membrane is present both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer: 958

958-1097

Cell membrane (outer covering of cell )

Question: 959

Define classification?

Answer: 959

959-1097

The systematic grouping of organisms into categories on the basis of evolutionary or structural relationship between them.

Question: 960

Define genetics ?

Answer: 960

960-1097

The study of genes and their role in inheritance is called genetics . Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other

Question: 961

Write about Lubb- Dubb

Answer: 961

961-1097

: When ventricle contact the tricuspid and bicuspid valves close and lubh sound is produced. Similarly when ventricles relax, the semilunar valves close and dub. Sound is produced. Lubb-dub can be heard with the help of a stethoscope.

Question: 962

What is cardiac cycle ?

Answer: 962

962-1097

The alternating relaxation contractions cycle and one complete cardiac cycle makes one heart beat .

It has three phases :

1: Cardiac cycle

2: Atrial systole

3: Ventricle systole

Question: 963

Explain colonial type of cellular organization .

Answer: 963

963-1097

In colonial type of cellular organization , many unicellular organisms live together but also do not have any division of labour among them . Each unicellular organisms is a colony lives in its own life and does not depend on their cells for its vital requirements

Question: 964

What are fossils ?

Answer: 964

964-1097

The remains of extinct organisms are called fossils

Question: 965

Which things are included in Blood cells and cell-like bodies?

Answer: 965

965-1097

These include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes)

Question: 966

How tissues are different are different from organs ?

Answer: 966

966-1097

Tissues and organs different from each other due to following reasons :

1: Similar cells performing similar functions are organized into groups called tissues while more than one types of tissues having related function are organized together and made a unit called organ

Question: 967

What is a extinct species?

Answer: 967

967-1097

A species is called extinct when there is no doubt that the last individual of that species has died

Question: 968

What is the advantage of galvanizing ?

Answer: 968

968-1097

Advantage of galvanizing is that zinc protects the iron is exposed to the air and water , a galvanic cell is established and iron rust rapidly

Question: 969

State the process of opening and closing phenomena of stomata in the leaf of plants

Answer: 969

969-1097

When a leaf transpires, the water concentrations of its mesophyll cells drops . This drop causes water osmosis from the xylem of leaf it creates a pulling force that continues all the way to root .

Question: 970

What is tricuspid valve?

Answer: 970

970-1097

The opening between right atrium and right ventricle is guarded by a salve called tricuspid salve (which is guarded by 3 flaps). It allows the blood to move front right atrium to right ventricle and prevent back flow,

Question: 971

Which careers can be adopted by students of biology?

Answer: 971

971-1097

(i) Medicine/Surgery (ii) Animals husbandry (iii) Fisheries (iv) Agriculture (v) Horticulture (vi) Farming (vii) Forestry (VW) Biotechnology

Question: 972

Give two example of biological law

Answer: 972

972-1097

1: Hardy-Wienberg law

2: Mendel's law of inheritance

Question: 973

What is meant by thrombus?

Answer: 973

973-1097

The blood clots formed by plagues within arteries are called thrombus.

Question: 974

What is done in the professional study of biotechnology?

Answer: 974

974-1097

It is the latest profession in the field of biology. Biotechnologists study and work for the production of useful products through microorganisms

e.g enzymes ,antibiotics etc

Question: 975

Write the characteristics of cardiac muscles .

Answer: 975

975-1097

The muscles present in heart walls are called cardia muscles Cardiac muscles are involuntary in action are composed of branched striated cells , each with a single nucleus

Question: 976

Patients bleeds from from the nose , gums and under the skin is dengue Why?

Answer: 976

976-1097

It is due to dengue fever . Due to destructions of platelets

Question: 977

Define control group .

Answer: 977

977-1097

A set up experiment in which no variable is missing and is known measures to which scientists can compare their results

Question: 978

What is myocardial infraction ?

Answer: 978

978-1097

It is more commonly known as heart attack and is a medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart is interrupted and leads the death of heart muscles

Question: 979

Differentiate between micromolecules and macromolecules

Answer: 979

979-1097

Micromolecules :The molecule with low molecular weight are called micro-molecule

Example : glucose ,water etc

Question: 980

Write blood groups of human blood

Answer: 980

980-1097

There are four different blood groups.

(i) A person antigen A on RBCs has blood group A.

(ii) A person antigen B on RBCs has blood group B.

(iii) A person antigen A,B on RBCs has blood group AB.

(iv) A person non of A,B antigen has blood group 0

Question: 981

Define microbiology ?

Answer: 981

981-1097

The division of biology , which deals the study of microorganisms such as bacteria are called microbiolgy

Question: 982

Why it is difficult to learn about way of life of each organism?

Answer: 982

982-1097

Organisms range in complexity from small and simple bacteria to large and complex human. Some of them live in sea, some on land, some walk, other fly. Each organism has its own way of life. When there is so diversity in organisms, it becomes difficult to learn about characteristics each.

Question: 983

What is the difference between zoology and botany ?

Answer: 983

983-1097

Zoology : This division of biology with the study of animals

Example : The study of frog , human

Question: 984

What do you mean by galvanizing ?

Answer: 984

984-1097

The process of coating a thin layer of zinc on iron is called galvanizing

Question: 985

What are the functions of organelles ?

Answer: 985

985-1097

Each type of organelle is specialized to perform a specific function

Question: 986

What are priors and viroids?

Answer: 986

986-1097

Prions are composed of protein only and act as infectious particle. in plants Viroids are composed of circular RNA only act as infectious particles and cause diseases in certain plants

Question: 987

What is the function of leukocytes ?

Answer: 987

987-1097

1: Their function as main agents in the body's defense system

2: They destroy small particles through phagocytosis

3: They break inflammatory substances and kill parasites

4: They prevent blood clotting

Question: 988

Define community .

Answer: 988

988-1097

A community is the assembling of different populations , interacting with one another with in the same environment

Question: 989

Which organ make digestive system ?

Answer: 989

989-1097

1:Oral cavity

2: Stomach

3: Liver

4: Pancreas

5 :Small intestine

6: Large intestine

Question: 990

Define biological method ?

Answer: 990

990-1097

A biological problem is a question related to living organisms that is either asked by someone or comes in biological's mind by himself

Question: 991

Define biomathematics/biometry.

Answer: 991

991-1097

It deals with the study of biological processes using mathematical techniques and tools. For example to analyze the data gathered after experimental work, biologists have to apply the rules of mathematics.

Question: 992

_{What are the symptoms of malaria ?}

Answer: 992

992-1097

Malaria is diagnosed by having chills and fever with recurring attacks in patient

Question: 993

Which steps are taken by biologists to solve a biological problem ?

Answer: 993

993-1097

Following steps are taken by biologists to solve a biological problem

Question: 994

Write a note on animal husbandry

Answer: 994

994-1097

It is the branch of agriculture concerned with the care and breeding of domestic animals (livestock) e.g cattle , sheep ,etc . Professional course in animal husbandry can be adapted can be adopted after the higher secondary education in biology

Question: 995

Define platelets ?

Answer: 995

995-1097

Platelets are the parts of blood . They are not cells but are fragments of large cells of bone marrow called megakaryocytes . They do not have any nucleus and any pigment

Question: 996

Where does Frog live and what is its scientific name ?

Answer: 996

996-1097

Frog lives in the both water and terrestrial medium . It belongs to class Amphibians , its scientific name is Rana tigrina

Question: 997

Explain with an example that in organism , the function , processes and activities of various organs and organ system are co-ordinated

Answer: 997

997-1097

When a man is engaged in continuous and hard exercise not only his muscles but also there is an increase in the rate of respiration and heart beat . This accelerated rate of the respiration and heart beat supplies more oxygen and food to the muscle which they need for continuous work

Question: 998

Why reactivity of metals increases down the group ?

Answer: 998

998-1097

Reactivity of metals increases down the group because down the group , size of atoms increases due to addition of shells . When the shells are added and the size of atoms increases the electropositive character increases due to which it becomes easier to lose its valence electron

Question: 999

Define Prokaryotes .

Answer: 999

999-1097

The unicellular organisms that do not have distinct nucleus are grouped as prokaryotes

Question: 1000

List sixteen bio elements .

Answer: 1000

1000-1097

Only six (O,C,N,H,Ca & P) make 99% of the total mass other ten (Cu ,Mg ,Na, Cl, Mn , Zn, K ,S,I & Fe ) collectively make 01% of the total mass

Question: 1001

Which mosquito transmits dengue fever?

Answer: 1001

1001-1097

Aedes mosquito transmits dengue fever

Question: 1002

How white and Red Blood Cells Differs?

Answer: 1002

1002-1097

Red blood cells are like biconcave disc with nucleus contain hemoglobin. While blood cells are Granular and a grantor contain nucleus larger in size than RBC.s

Question: 1003

Define environmental biology .

Answer: 1003

1003-1097

The branch of biology , which deals with the study of the interaction between the organisms and their environment

Question: 1004

Define law or principle .

Answer: 1004

1004-1097

A theory which survives doubtful approaches and continues to be supported by experimental evidence is called law or principle

Question: 1005

Define biochemistry.

Answer: 1005

1005-1097

It deals with the study of chemistry of different compounds and processes occurring in living organisms. For example; study of basic metabolism of photosynthesis and respiration involves the knowledge of chemistry

Question: 1006

Which is a successful experiment ?

Answer: 1006

1006-1097

A successful experimentis that which demonstrates one or more alternative hypothesis as incorrect

Question: 1007

Bark of which tree was found to be excellent treatment of malaria ?

Answer: 1007

1007-1097

Cinchona

Question: 1008

Define species .

Answer: 1008

1008-1097

A species is defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

Question: 1009

Define organ .

Answer: 1009

1009-1097

In higher multicellular organisms , more than one types of tissues having related functions are organized together to make a unit , called organ

Question: 1010

What are causes of deforestation ?

Answer: 1010

1010-1097

(i) Sudden and catastrophic clear cutting for urban development.

(ii) It can be done for agriculture.

(iii) It can be of consequence of grazing animals.

(iv) The race of produce cash through fruits, species, sugar, Tobacco, cloth etc.

Question: 1011

Describe major contributions of Jabir Bin Hayan

Answer: 1011

1011-1097

Jabir Bin Hayan introduced experimental investigation in chemistry and also wrote a number of books on plants and animals . His famous books are Al-Nabatat and Al-Haywan

Question: 1012

What is scientific method ?

Answer: 1012

1012-1097

The scientific method in which biological problems are solved , it termed as biological method

Example : study of malaria

Question: 1013

Write distinguished characteristics of kingdom fungi.

Answer: 1013

1013-1097

It includes eukaryotic multicellular reducers for example Mushrooms. Fungi ate heterotrophic Organisms that are absorptive on organic material. secrete digestive enzymes anal absorbs small organic molecule formed by the digestion of enzymes,

Question: 1014

Name any four unicellular organisms

Answer: 1014

1014-1097

1: Amoeba

2:Paramecium

3: Euglena

4: Virus

Question: 1015

What is the difference between corrosion and rusting ?

Answer: 1015

1015-1097

Corrosion : It is the general term used for all the metals

Corrosion of some metals may be stopped

It is redox reaction

Question: 1016

What is Quinine ?

Answer: 1016

1016-1097

The substance extracted from cinchona bark to treat malaria is called quinine

Question: 1017

What is meant by bio-chemist ?

Answer: 1017

1017-1097

The elements which take part in making body mass of living things are called bio elements . These are 16

Question: 1018

Name national bird and national animal in Pakistan

Answer: 1018

1018-1097

1: The national bird is Chakor patridge

2: The national animal is Markhor

Question: 1019

What is the cause of malaria ?

Answer: 1019

1019-1097

A tiny creature , plasmodium is the cause of malaria

Question: 1020

Define hypothesis

Answer: 1020

1020-1097

The tentative explanation of the observation is called hypothesis

Question: 1021

What is meant by divisions of labour in a cell?

Answer: 1021

1021-1097

Each organelle in a cell has been assigned a specific function which it has to perform , so all activities of a cell are divided among many organelles, this is called division of labour

Question: 1022

Name different parts of mustard plant ?

Answer: 1022

1022-1097

Mustard plant has two parts :

1: Vegetative parts (root, stem, leaves, branches )

2: Reproductive parts (flowers which produce fruits and seeds)

Question: 1023

Name major types of animal tissues

Answer: 1023

1023-1097

There are four major types of animal tissues

1: Epithelial tissues

2: Connective tissues

3: Nervous tissues

4: Muscular tissues

Question: 1024

What is meant by incubation period?

Answer: 1024

1024-1097

The period between the entry of parasite in host and appearance of symptoms is called incubation period

Question: 1025

Define science ?

Answer: 1025

1025-1097

Science is the study in which observations are made , experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principles of nature

Question: 1026

Differentiate between theory and law .

Answer: 1026

1026-1097

Theory : The hypotheses that stand the test of time (often tested and never rejected ) are called theories

Example: cell theory

Question: 1027

Define culex

Answer: 1027

1027-1097

Culex is a kind of mosquito , female of which spreads malaria in sparrows

Question: 1028

How does plasmodium enter the body of a mosquito ?

Answer: 1028

1028-1097

When a mosquito bites and sucks the blood of malarial patient the plasmodium enter in its body

Question: 1029

Define ratio .

Answer: 1029

1029-1097

When a relation between two numbers e.g 'a' and 'b' is expressed in terms of quotient (a/b) , such a relation is the ratio of one number to the other . It is expressed by putting a division or colon mark between two numbers

Question: 1030

What is meant by reporting the results ?

Answer: 1030

1030-1097

Reporting of results means publishing findings by biologists in scientific journal and books ,in talks at national and international meetings and in seminars at colleges and universities

Question: 1031

What is parasite?

Answer: 1031

1031-1097

The organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and in return harm them are called parasites. Example: Tapeworm

Question: 1032

Define population .

Answer: 1032

1032-1097

A population is defined as a group of organism of the same species located at the same place , in the same time

Question: 1033

Define proportion .

Answer: 1033

1033-1097

Proportion means to join two equal ratios by the sign of equality (=) e.g a:b=c:d is a proportion between two ratios

Question: 1034

What are the contributions of Whittaker, Margulis and Schwartz in taxonomy?

Answer: 1034

1034-1097

In 1967. Robert Whittaker introduced the live kingdom classification system. In 1988, Margulis and Schwartz modified the five — kingdom classification of Whittaker.

Question: 1035

Difference between morphology and physiology .

Answer: 1035

1035-1097

Morphology : The branch of biology , which deals with the study of the structures and forms of living organisms is called morphology

Example : Study structure of eye etc.

Question: 1036

Define biodiversity hot spot?

Answer: 1036

1036-1097

A biodiversity hotspot is a region of high level of established species

Question: 1037

What is the scientific name of mustard plant and frog ?

Answer: 1037

1037-1097

Scientific name of mustard plant is Brassica campestris and of frog is Rana tigrina

Question: 1038

Define species

Answer: 1038

1038-1097

A species is a group of organisms which can be determined freely among them and produce fertile offspring , but are reproductively isolated from all other such groups in nature . Each species possesses its own distinct structural , ecological , and behavioral characteristics

Question: 1039

What was the name of medicine for malaria curing ?

Answer: 1039

1039-1097

Quina-quina is the name of tree , which was exported from America to Europe to cure fevers . Quina-quina first medicine used for curing

Question: 1040

Name different levels of biological organization

Answer: 1040

1040-1097

Biologists study biological organization at differ evels, which are as follows. (i) Subatomic and Atomic level (ii) Molecular level (iii) Organelle and cell level (iv) Tissue level (v) Organ and organ system level (vi) Individual level (vii) Population level (viii) Community level (ix) Biosphere level

Question: 1041

What is necessary for the formation of a hypothesis ?

Answer: 1041

1041-1097

A great deal of careful and creative thinking is necessary for the formulation of a hypothesis

Question: 1042

What happened when two different but closely related organism do cross breed?

Answer: 1042

1042-1097

When two different but closely related organism do cross breed they produced an infertile offspring. Example: A cross between a male donkey and female horse produces an infertile offspring, the mule.

Question: 1043

What are the causes of decline of population of Indus dolphin?

Answer: 1043

1043-1097

The population of Indus dolphin diclined because of various factors, including water pollution poaching and destruction of habitat due to barrages and darns etc. according to WWF-P, only 6' animals of this species are left today in the Indus River in Pakistan.

Question: 1044

Name any one biological problem ?

Answer: 1044

1044-1097

Malaria is the biological problem

Question: 1045

In which area houbara bustard found?

Answer: 1045

1045-1097

It is a large bird (about 60cm long with 140cm wingspan). It is omnivorous and eats seeds.1:-.74 and small animals. Houbara bustards arc migratory birds that fly to Pakistan in winter seam-chollistan and Thar deserts.

Question: 1046

Write two advantages of Brassica plant/ mustard plant

Answer: 1046

1046-1097

Advantages :

1 The plant body of brassica is used as vegetable

2: It seeds are used for extracting oil

Question: 1047

Differentiate between unicellular and multicellular

Answer: 1047

1047-1097

Unicellular : An organism which is made up of one cell is called unicellular organism

e.g paramecium , amoeba

Question: 1048

What are different kind of observations ?

Answer: 1048

1048-1097

Observation may be qualitative and quantitative

Question: 1049

Difference between cell biology and histology .

Answer: 1049

1049-1097

Cell biology : The study of the structure and functions of cell and cell organelles is called cell biology . This branch also with the study of cell division

Question: 1050

What was the contribution of Ronald Ross to test deduction by A.F.A King ?

Answer: 1050

1050-1097

Ronald Ross , a British army physician working in India in 1880's allowed female Anopeles mosquito to bite a malarial patient , he killed the mosquito some days later and found plasmodium multiplying in mosquitos stomach

Question: 1051

What was the opinion of ancient physician about malaria ?

Answer: 1051

1051-1097

Physician described it a disease of chills and fevers with recurring attacks . They observed this disease among people living near marshy areas

Question: 1052

Define data ?

Answer: 1052

1052-1097

Data can be defined as the information such as names , dates or values made from observations

Question: 1053

Quantitative observations are better in biological method . How ?

Answer: 1053

1053-1097

Quantitative observations are considered more accurate than qualitative ones because the quantitative observations are invariable and measurable and can be recorded in terms of number

Question: 1054

Write the role of biological method in biology

Answer: 1054

1054-1097

It has played an important part in the scientific research for almost 500 years . From Galileo's experiment in the 1590's to current research the biological method has contributed to the advancements in medicine , ecology , technology etc . It has ensured the quality of data for public use

Question: 1055

Give names and examples of complex and simple communities

Answer: 1055

1055-1097

Complex communities : A forest community , a pond community

Question: 1056

Define experimental group

Answer: 1056

1056-1097

A set up of experiment in which no variable one variable being tested is kept missing is called experimental group

Question: 1057

Define kingdom:

Answer: 1057

1057-1097

All organism are divided into 5 major groups each of which is called kingdom each kingdom is divided into phylum. Kingdom• is largest taxon.

Question: 1058

Define observation

Answer: 1058

1058-1097

Opinion which is made with the help of five senses of vision ,hearing ,smell, taste , and touch is called observation

Question: 1059

Why is data analysis necessary ?

Answer: 1059

1059-1097

Data analysis is necessary to prove or disprove a hypothesis by experimentation

Question: 1060

Define binomial nomenclature.

Answer: 1060

1060-1097

Binomial nomenclature is the method of giving scientific names to living organisms. As the word -binomial- suggests. the scientific name of species consists of two names: the first is the genus name and the second one is the name of the species

Question: 1061

It is difficult to use the criterion of interbreeding to define species of unicellular organisms. Why?

Answer: 1061

1061-1097

The criteria of interbreeding cannot be used for species recognition in organisms who reproduce asexually and do not interbreed with one another.

Question: 1062

What deduction was made from hypothesis about malaria ?

Answer: 1062

1062-1097

Of the plasmodium is the cause of malaria , then all persons ill with malaria should have plasmodium in their blood

Question: 1063

Explain with an example that biologists cannot usually check every situation where a hypothesis might apply .

Answer: 1063

1063-1097

Biologists cannot usually check every situation where a hypothesis might apply . Let's consider a hypothesis . All plant cells have a nucleus . Biologists cannot examine every living plant and every plant that has ever lived to see if this hypothesis is false , Instead biologists generate deduction using reasoning . From the above hypothesis , a biologists can make the following deduction . If I examine cells from a blade of grass ,then each one will have a nucleus .

Question: 1064

Explain status of virus.

Answer: 1064

1064-1097

The viruses are considered on the border line of living and non-living organisms. They ha. - genetic material and can reproduce like living organism. And they form crystals which characteristic of non-living organisms. So they are not kept in any kingdom.

Question: 1065

What was the only effective remedy of malaria from the 17th century to the 20th century ?

Answer: 1065

1065-1097

Quinine

Question: 1066

Write names of three main divisions of biology

Answer: 1066

1066-1097

The name of three main divisions of biology is given below:

1: Zoology 2: Botany 3: Microbiology

Question: 1067

Define deforestation .

Answer: 1067

1067-1097

Deforestation means cutting down of trees for the conservation of the forest to non-forest land

Question: 1068

Define variable

Answer: 1068

1068-1097

Variable is a factor being tested in and experiment is usually compared to a control group

Question: 1069

Which disease has killed more people than any other disease ?

Answer: 1069

1069-1097

Mlaria

Question: 1070

What is meaning of malaria ?

Answer: 1070

1070-1097

The Italian words 'mala' means bad and 'aria' means air

Question: 1071

How does a theory a become law of principle ?

Answer: 1071

1071-1097

If a theory survives such doubtful approach and continues to be supported by experimental evidence , it becomes a law or principle

Question: 1072

While testing the hypothesis that 'plasmodium' is the cause of malaria what would be the control group of experiment ? Blood of malaria patient or bloods of healthy persons .

Answer: 1072

1072-1097

Blood of healthy persons

Question: 1073

What is the importance of biological method ?

Answer: 1073

1073-1097

From Galileo's experiment back in 1590's to current research , the biological method has contributed to the advancement in medicine , ecology , technology , etc . biological method also ensure the quality of data for public use

Question: 1074

What is the difference between vulnerable and endangered species?

Answer: 1074

1074-1097

Vulnerable :A species which is likely to become endangered unless the circumstances improve

Question: 1075

How was plasmodium discovered ?

Answer: 1075

1075-1097

In 1878 a French army physician Laveran took small amount of blood from a malarial patient and after examining under microscope , noticed some tiny creatures , which after five years was given a name plasmodium

Question: 1076

Define bioinformatics ?

Answer: 1076

1076-1097

Bioinformatics refers to the computational and statistical techniques for the analysis of biological data

Question: 1077

What is threatened species?

Answer: 1077

1077-1097

A species is called threatened when it is at the risk of extinction in near future.

Question: 1078

What is the contribution of A.F.A ,king , to solve biological problem of malaria?

Answer: 1078

1078-1097

In 1883, a physician ,A.F.A ,king , made 20 observations , then suggested hypothesis that the 'Mosquitos transmits plasmodium and are involved in spread of malaria

Question: 1079

What are the aims of classification?

Answer: 1079

1079-1097

To determine similarities and differences among organisms so that they can be studied easily.

(ii) To find evolutionary relationship among organisms.

Question: 1080

Write the deduction process .

Answer: 1080

1080-1097

The logical consequences of the hypothesis are called deduction . For this purpose , a hypothesis is taken as true and expected results (deduction ) are drawn from it

Question: 1081

What is the contribution of Andrea Caesalpino in classification of plants?

Answer: 1081

1081-1097

Andrea Caesalpino (1519-1603) was an Italian botanist who proposed the first methodical arrangement of plants. He divided plants into fifteen groups called "genera.

Question: 1082

Why do only females of anopheles and culex involve in spread of malaria ?

Answer: 1082

1082-1097

Female mosquito need the blood of mammals or birds for the maturation of their eggs

Question: 1083

What are different formula to organize data?

Answer: 1083

1083-1097

Data is organized in different formats like graphics , tables , flower charts , maps and diagrams

Question: 1084

What is basic of five kingdom Classification system?

Answer: 1084

1084-1097

Basis of Classification:

1: The levels of cellular organization i.e prokaryotic. unicellular eukaryotic and multicellular eukaryotic

2: The principal modes of nutrition i.e photosynthesis, absorption. and ingestion.

3:On this basis, organisms are classified into five kingdoms: monera, protista. fungi plantae and animalia

Question: 1085

In which major biological problems the knowledge of mathematics is used ?

Answer: 1085

1085-1097

The biological problems in which the knowledge of mathematics is used include :

1: Gene finding

2: Protein structure

3: Protein-protein interaction

Question: 1086

What is the difference between the modes of nutrition of fungi and animals?

Answer: 1086

1086-1097

Modes of nutrition of fungi :

Fungi are heterotroph absorptive in their Animals live mostly by ingesting food and nutritional mode.

Question: 1087

What is the importance of biodiversity?

Answer: 1087

1087-1097

It provides food for humans:

(ii) It provide drugs.

iii) A wide range of industrial materials like gums. resins, building materials etc. (is It maintains composition of atmosphere. water. Nutrients at equilibrium.

Question: 1088

What is cinchona ?

Answer: 1088

1088-1097

Cinchona is a tree , the bark of which was found to be excellent remedy for treating malaria

Question: 1089

Write the characteristics of kingdom Monera?

Answer: 1089

1089-1097

It includes the prokaryotic organism in which genetic material is not enclosed in nuclear envelope. These are unicellular, some types form chains, clusters or colonies.

Question: 1090

Who proposed the earliest known classification?

Answer: 1090

1090-1097

he earliest known system of classification of organisms comes from the Greek philosopher Aristotle, who classified all living organisms known at that time as either in the group 'plants' or in 'animals.'

Question: 1091

Name the three endangered species in Pakistan

Answer: 1091

1091-1097

1: Indus dolphin

2: Macro polo sheep

Question: 1092

Why we formulate binomial nomenclature?

Answer: 1092

1092-1097

We formulate binomial nomenclature because common names cause many problems. Dixie regions have different names for the same organism . For e.g. common name of onion in urdu is piyaz, but in different regions of Pakistan it is also known as "panda" or "basal- or "vassal.. other countries it has other sets of names. In science it is known as with single name as Ala cepa.

Question: 1093

Define anopheles

Answer: 1093

1093-1097

Anopheles is a kind of mosquito , female of this mosquito spread malaria in human beings

Question: 1094

What is the control in experiments ? Explain with example .

Answer: 1094

1094-1097

There are two types of groups in experimental :

1: Controlled group

2: Experimental group

The scientists must contrast an experimental group with a control group

Question: 1095

Differentiate between the terms "extinct" and "endangered"

Answer: 1095

1095-1097

Extinct:

A species is called extinct when there is no doubt that the last individual of that species has died. Example: Dinasour

Question: 1096

Write down the hierarchy amongest a kingdom

Answer: 1096

1096-1097

1: Phylum (division for plants and fungi):

A phylum is a group of related classes.

Question: 1097

Which animal lives in northern areas ?

Answer: 1097

1097-1097

The northern areas provides habitat habitats to Musk deer , Snow leopard , Astore markhor , and Himalyan ibex ,Wooly flying squirrel and the brown bear

Biology Chapters

9th Class Chapter 1 Biology Short Questions

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Perparation Level