9th Class Biology Chapter 7 Short Questions with Answers Solved

Question: 1

What is a nucleotide?

Answer: 1

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A nucleotide is a large molecule formed joining ribose sugar + Phosphate nitrogenous base.

Question: 2

Define bioenergetics.

Answer: 2

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The study of energy relationships and energy transformations in living organisms is called bioenergetics.

Question: 3

Define ATP aand who discovered ATP.

Answer: 3

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The major energy currency of all cells is a nucleotide called adenosine triphosphate ,ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann.

Question: 4

What is NAD?

Answer: 4

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NAD is a coenzyme that takes electrons and hydrogen ions and is thus reduced to NADH. One form of this coenzyme also carries phosphate with it so is called NADP.

Question: 5

Define Light reaction.

Answer: 5

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During this phase light energy is captured and is used to make high energy molecules ATP AND NADPH these reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

Question: 6

How is water taken in by plants for photosynthesis.

Answer: 6

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Water, present in soil, is absorbed by roots and root hairs through osmosis. This water is eventually transported to leaves through eylem vessels.

Question: 7

What is the importance of anaerobic respiration.

Answer: 7

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i.Source of energy for anaerobic organisms. ii. Source of energy for aerobic organisms in short supply of O2 iii. Source of many product.

Question: 8

Which type of bond is present between 'p' group of ATP.

Answer: 8

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The covalent bond connecting two phosphates is a high energy bond and is indicated by tilde.

Question: 9

What are pigments?

Answer: 9

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Pigments are the substances that absorb visible light. Different pigments absorb light of different wavelengths.

Question: 10

What are the functions of these processes in organisms.

Answer: 10

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These process ensure the maintenance, growth and reproduction of organisms.

Question: 11

Who proposed ATP as main energy transfer molecule in the cells?

Answer: 11

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the Nobel prize winner, Fritz Lipmann in 1941 proposed ATP as main energy transfer molecule.

Question: 12

What is redox reactions.

Answer: 12

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The oxidation and reduction reactions always run simultaneously and are called redox reaction. Redox reactions are direct source of energy for all life processes. Redox reactions involve exchage of electrons between atoms.

Question: 13

Define aerobic respiration.

Answer: 13

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The cellular respiration occurring in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration.

Question: 14

Define two type of energy in living organisms?

Answer: 14

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Kinetic energy
Potential energy

Question: 15

Who discovered dark reactions?

Answer: 15

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Dark reactions were discovered by Malvin and his colleagues at university of california.the series of dark reactios is called Calvin cycle.

Question: 16

Wrote the names of different types of respiration?

Answer: 16

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There are two types of respiration i. Aerobic ii. Anaerobic

Question: 17

What are FAD and NAD?

Answer: 17

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FAD:Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is also a coenzyme like NAD. It gets 2 hydrogen and reduce FADH₂

_{NAD:Nicotinamind adenine dinclcotide (NAD) is a coenzyme. it is an oxidizing agent it accepts electron and reduced from (NADH)}

Question: 18

What are the main stages of aerobic respiration.

Answer: 18

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Aerobic respiration is divided into three main stages. i. Glycolysis ii. Krebs cycle iii. Electron transport chain

Question: 19

What is oxidation and reduction ?

Answer: 19

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Oxidation:The loss of electrons is called oxidation

Reduction:The gain of electron is called reduction

Question: 20

Why oxidation-reduction reaction is called Redor ?

Answer: 20

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Exchange of electron between atoms take place during redox reaction
Loss or removal of electron from an atom is called oxidation where as gain or addition of electron to an atom is called reduction.

ATP+H₂O ADP+Pi+Energy (7.3Kcal / mol)

Question: 21

What is Z-Scheme?

Answer: 21

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The whole series of light reactions is called as Z-scheme due to its Z-shaped flow chart.

Question: 22

Write the name of main stage of Aerobic respiration?

Answer: 22

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Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron transport chain.

Question: 23

Who discovered Krebs cycele?

Answer: 23

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A British biochemist, Sir Hans Krebs discovered this Krebs cycle.

Question: 24

What is Abbreviation of ATP?

Answer: 24

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ATP is the abbreviation in 1829 by "Kari Lohmann" and was proposed to be the main energy-transfer molecule in cell by the novel prize winner, fritz Lipmann in 1941.

Question: 25

Whart are stomata?

Answer: 25

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The tiny openings present in the epidermis of leaf through which gases enter or leave the cells are called stomata. It consists of two bean shaped cells called guard cells.

Question: 26

Define light reaction ?

Answer: 26

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Light energy is captured and used to make high-energy molecules these reaction are known as light reaction.

Question: 27

What is Krebs Cycle?

Answer: 27

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In Krebs cycle, the pyruvic acid molecules are completely oxidized, along with the formation of ATP, NADH, and FADH,before entering in Krebs cycle,pyruvic acid is changed into a 2-carbon compound called acetyl-CoA.

Question: 28

What is meant by Z-Scheme ?

Answer: 28

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Z-Scheme:All stages of light reaction due to itsZ-Shaped chart is calledZ-Scheme.

Question: 29

Write the role of bioenergetics and ATP?

Answer: 29

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Bioenergetics means energy conversions in the body of living organisms organisms obtain energy by metabolizing the food, they eat or prepare

Question: 30

How many stomata are present on a leaf?

Answer: 30

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Stomata cover only 1-2% of the leaf surface but they allow much air to pass through them.

Question: 31

What is Kreb Cycle ?

Answer: 31

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In kreb cycle the pyruvic acid molecule are completely oxidized along with the formation of ATP,NADH and FADH before entering in kerbs cycle pyruvic acid is change in to a-2 carbon compound acetyl CoA.

Question: 32

What is the most common fuel to get energy.

Answer: 32

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The most common fuel used by the cell to get energy by cellular respiration is glucose.

Question: 33

Difference between aerobic and anaerobicrespiration

Answer: 33

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Properties Aerobic Anaerobic

1-presence ofoxygen, yes no

2-Number of ATP 36 2

asnet profit

3-final product Sycolysis in in

Siteof in cytoplasm and cytoplasm

occurance krebscycle and

electrontransport chain

Question: 34

How much energy is evolved from one mole of ATP ?

Answer: 34

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7.3 Kilocalories or 7300 calories energy is evolved form one mole of ATP.

Question: 35

What are different phases of anaerobic respiration or fermentation?

Answer: 35

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The first phase is like aerobic respiration, and two molecules of pyruvic acid are formed by one molecule of glucose.

Question: 36

What is epidermis.

Answer: 36

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the single layer of cells on leaves is thin.it is called epidermis it is covered by cuticle.

Question: 37

What are dark reaction?

Answer: 37

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The summary of the event of dark reaction also known as calvin cycle is as follow.

The 3 carbon compound are reduced to 3 carbon carbohydrates by using ATP and hydrogen from NADPH. The carbon carbohydrates are used to manufacture glucose.

Question: 38

Write two importance conditions for photosynthesis ?

Answer: 38

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Accurate amount of water.
chlorophyll and suitable intensity of light

Question: 39

Define two types of energy in living organisms

Answer: 39

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In living organisms energy exists in two forms

In living organisms energy exist in two forms

Kinetic energy Potential energy

Kinetic energy is actively involved in doing work and potential energy is stored for future use Potential energy is stored in chemical bonds and is released as kinetic energy when these bond break

Question: 40

What is the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on photosynthesis?

Answer: 40

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A carbon dioxide concentration rises, the rate of photosynthesis goes on increases until limited by other factor. Increases in carbon dioxide concentration beyond a certain level cause the closure of stomach and it decreases the rate of photosynthesis

Question: 41

Write down the three subunits of ATP ?

Answer: 41

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Adenine-a doubled-ringed nitrogenous base
A ribose-a five carbon sugar
three phosphate groups in a linear chain

Question: 42

What is meant by Z Scheme

Answer: 42

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Z-scheme: All stages of light reaction due to its Z-shaped chart is called Z-Scheme

Question: 43

Define ATP?

Answer: 43

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ATP was discoverd in 1929 by Kari lohmann, and was proposed to be the main energy-transfer molecule in the cell by the noble prize winner, fritz Lipmann in 1944

Question: 44

Define cellular respiration ?

Answer: 44

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Organisms utilize oxygen for the break down of C-H bonds present in the food in their cells, this breakdown yields energy which is transformed into ATP.

Question: 45

Define Aerobic Respiration

Answer: 45

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Aerobic respiration: Aerobic respiration is complete oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen

Question: 46

What is abrivation of FDA ?

Answer: 46

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Flavin adenine dinucleotide is also a coenzyme like NDA+. it get 2 hydrogen and reduce in to FADH₂

Question: 47

Explain Bioenergetics ?

Answer: 47

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Bioenergetics is the study of energy relationship and energy transformation in living organisms. Organisms obtain energy by metabolizing the food they eat or prepare.

Question: 48

What is glycolysis

Answer: 48

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Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm and oxygen is not involved in this stage That is why it occurs in both types of respiration i.e aerobic and anaerobic In glycolysis glucose molecule is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid 3C

Question: 49

Explain the electrons can be source of energy during oxidation and reduction reaction?

Answer: 49

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Electrons as a source of energy release:Electron can be an energy source. it depend upon their location and arrangement in atoms.

Question: 50

Define Photosynthesis?

Answer: 50

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Photosynthesis is the manufacturing of glucose form carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll,with oxygen as a by product.

Question: 51

Which product are produce during photosynthesis?

Answer: 51

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Glucose, oxygen and water molecules are produced during photosynthesis.

Question: 52

What is redox reaction ?

Answer: 52

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Chemical reaction in which exchange of electron takes place is called redox reaction.

Question: 53

Write the name of pigments used in photosynthesis ?

Answer: 53

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chlorophyll a
chlorophyll b
carotenoids

Question: 54

How is Soya Sauce made ?

Answer: 54

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Soya Sauce is made by fermentation of Soya plant wit the help of fungus named Aspergillus.

Question: 55

What is meant by photosystem ?

Answer: 55

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Photosynthetic pigments lie on thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts in cluster from called photosystem.

Question: 56

Define light-dependent reaction

Answer: 56

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Light energy is captured and is used to make high- energy molecule. These reaction which are known as light reaction.

Question: 57

Why it is said that all life depends on photosynthesis ?

Answer: 57

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Photosynthesis is the manufacturing of glucose with oxygen as a by-product from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.

Question: 58

Define effect of light ?

Answer: 58

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The rate of photosynthesis varies with light intensity. it decreased as light intensity decreased and increases as intensity increases

Question: 59

Why and when Calvin was awarded noble prize ?

Answer: 59

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In 1961 Melvin Calvin was awarded by noble prize for his work on details of dark reaction which is also known as Calvin cycle.

Question: 60

Define electron transport chain?

Answer: 60

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Electron transport chain is the final step of cellular respiration. It is the transfer of electron on an electron transport chain.

Question: 61

What is photolysis?

Answer: 61

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light energy splits one molecules of water As a result oxygen is released it is known as photolysis of water .

Question: 62

Define oxidation and reduction

Answer: 62

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Oxidation: The loss of electrons is called oxidation

Reduction: The gain of electrons is called reduction

Question: 63

Define Glycolysis ?

Answer: 63

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Glycolysis occur in cytoplasm and oxygen is not involed in this stage. that is why it occur in both type of respiration aerabic and anearobic.

Question: 64

What is the role of light in photosynthesis ?

Answer: 64

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Light energy excites the electron of chlorophyll which after forms ATP and are used in reduction of carbon dioxide in this way light energy is stored in the chemical bonds of glucose as chemical energy .

Question: 65

Define Dark reaction ?

Answer: 65

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Dark reaction is the second step of photosynthesis in which glucose is synthesized by the reduction of carbon dioxide
In this process energy from high energy molecules is used
Dark reaction takes place in stroma of chloroplast

Question: 66

Different limiting factors?

Answer: 66

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An environmental factor the absence or deficiency of which can decreases the rate of a metabolicreaction is called limitingfactor for that reaction. Many factor that like intensity, Temperature concentration of carbon dioxide.

Question: 67

Name the final products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration ?

Answer: 67

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Aerobic respiration:Lactic acid or Ethyle Alcohol or carbon dioxide bioproduct of anoevobic respiraionFinal product:Carbon dioxide and water are biproduct aerobic respiraion

Question: 68

What are Glycolysis?

Answer: 68

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Glycolysis occur in cytoplasm and oxygen is not involved in this stage. That is why . It occur in bath types of respiration aerobic and anaerobic. In glycolysis glucose, molecule is broken into two molecule and pyruvic acid 3c

Question: 69

What is the difference between light and dark reaction

Answer: 69

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Light energy is captured and used to make high energy molecules These reactions are known as light reactions which take place on the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

Question: 70

What is alcoholic fermentation?

Answer: 70

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It occurs in bacteria, yeasts etc.In this type of anaerobic respiration, pyruvicacid id further broken down into alcohol

(C2H%OH) and Co2

Pyruvicacid ____> Ethyl alcohol

Question: 71

What is pigments ?

Answer: 71

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Pigments are the substance that observed visible light different pigment absorb light of different wavelengths.

Question: 72

Why oxidation reduction reaction is called Redox Reaction

Answer: 72

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Exchange of electrons between atoms takes place during Redox Reactions

Loss or removal of electron from an atom is called Oxidation where as gain or addition of electron to an atom is called Reduction

Question: 73

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis ?

Answer: 73

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Sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll. it is then converted into the chemical energy which drives the process of photosynthesis.

Question: 74

Write down the commercialuses of fermentation

Answer: 74

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The fermentationabilities of fungi and bacteria for the benefit of mainkind the fermenting powers of bacteria areused for making cheese and yogurt Fermentation is yeasts isused in brewing and baking industries.

Question: 75

Define Respiration and cellular Respiration

Answer: 75

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Respiration Exchange of gases between organism and environment is called respiration

Question: 76

Write two type of fermentation ?

Answer: 76

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Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation.

Question: 77

What is photolysis of water

Answer: 77

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Light energy splits one molecule of water As a result oxygen is released It is known as photolysis of water Hydrogen produced during this process gives electrons to chlorophyll and becomes on itself

Question: 78

Write the name of four limiting factor for photosynthesis ?

Answer: 78

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Intensity of light
Temperature
Carbon dioxide
Availability of water

Question: 79

When and what is discovered by Karl Lohmann

Answer: 79

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ATP was discovered in 1829 by Karl Lohmann and was proposed to be the main energy transfer molecule in cell by the Nobel prize winner Fritz Lipmann in 1941

Question: 80

Define Z scheme?

Answer: 80

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The whole series of light reaction is called Z-scheme due to its z-shaped flow chant.

Question: 81

What are Accessory ?

Answer: 81

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Chlorophyll a is the main photosynthetic pigment. Others are called accessory pigments.

Question: 82

Define krebscycle.

Answer: 82

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In Krebs cycle the pyrunic acid molecule are completely oxidizedalong with the formation of ATP,NADH and FADH, Before entering in krebscycle

Question: 83

Name the compound produced during respiration ?

Answer: 83

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Carbon dioxide, Water and energy is obtain during respiration.

Question: 84

Define alcoholic fermentation with equation

Answer: 84

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Alcoholic Fermentation: It occurs in bacteria and yeast etc In this type of anaerobic respiration pyruvic acid is further broken down into alcohol and carbon dioxide

Question: 85

Why it is incorrect to say that energy relationship steop of respiration is electron transport chain

Answer: 85

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Energy is released in and Krebs cycles in the form of NADH and FADH Electron transport chain transforms the energy present in these compounds to ATP So it is incorrect to say that energy relationship step of respiration is electron transport chain

Question: 86

What is significance of Anaerobic respiration ?

Answer: 86

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Anaerobic respiration is a source of energy for anaerobic organisms. Anaerobic respiration is a source of energy in aerobic organisms in case of deficiency of oxygen

Question: 87

Write two important conditions for photosynthesis

Answer: 87

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Some important conditions on photosynthesis are given below

Accurate amount of water

Chlorphyii and suitable intensity of light

CO is also necessary for this process as

Plants made their food glucose by the reduction of it

Question: 88

Define Respiration and Cellular Respiration ?

Answer: 88

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Respiration:Exchange of gases between organisms and environment is called respiration.

Cell Respiration:Cellular Respiration is the break down of glucose in the cell of living organisms to produce energy.

Question: 89

Write the role of Bioenergetics and ATP

Answer: 89

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Bioenergetics means energy conversions in the body of living organisms Organisms obtain energy by metabolizing the food, they eat or prepare Food contains potential energy in its bonds When these bonds are broken down a large amount of Kinetic energy is stored in the form of potential energy the bonds of ATP molecules while the rest escapes as heat The potential energy stored in ATP is transformed into kinetic energy to carry out life activities

Question: 90

Define Anaerobic respiration ?

Answer: 90

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Anaerobic respiration:The incomplete oxidation glucose in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration.

Question: 91

What is meant by Anaerobes

Answer: 91

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Anaerobes; Some organisms get their energy from anaerobic respiration instead of availability of free oxygen such organisms are known as anaerobes

Question: 92

What are Accessory Pigments

Answer: 92

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ChlorophyII is main photosynthetic pigment Others are called accessory pigments and include chlorophyIIB and carotenoids

Question: 93

Define Fermentation ?

Answer: 93

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Breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen is called Fermentation or anaerobic respiration.

Question: 94

Define Alcoholic fermentation ?

Answer: 94

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Alcoholic fermentation:It is occur in bacteria and yeast, e.t.c .In this type of anaerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is further broken down in to alcohol and carbon dioxide

Question: 95

What is abrogation of FAD

Answer: 95

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Flaming adenine dinucleotide FAD is also a coenzyme like It gets hydrogen and reduces into FADH

Question: 96

Where light reaction take place?

Answer: 96

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The summery of the event of light reaction is as follows

Electrons are passed to electron transport chain to produce ATp.

The electrons of chlorophyllafter the production of ATP and the hydrogen ions of water are used for the reduction of NADP intoNADPH

Question: 97

What is meant by Anaerobes ?

Answer: 97

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Anaerobes:Some organisms get their energy form Anaerobic respiration instead of availability of free oxygen such organisms are known as Anaerobes.

Question: 98

Define Anaerobic respiration

Answer: 98

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The incomplete oxidation of glucose in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration

Question: 99

What is the effect of CO²concentration on photosynthesis

Answer: 99

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As carbon dioxide concentration rises the rate of photosynthesis goes on increasing until limited by other factors Increase in carbon dioxide concentration beyond a certain level causes the colure of stomata and it decreases the rate of photosynthesis

Question: 100

Define redoxreaction ?

Answer: 100

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Redox reaction involve exhangeof electrons between atoms loss of electrons is called redution

Question: 101

What is meant by electron transport chain ?

Answer: 101

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Electron transport chain is the final step of cellular respiration it is the transfer of electron on an electron transport chain in this step, NADH FADH₂ release electron and hydrogen iron.

Question: 102

What was the discovering of Malvin Calvin ?

Answer: 102

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Calvin was awarded the Nobel prize in 1961 for his work on the detail of photosynthesis.

Question: 103

Describe the lactic acid fermentation ?

Answer: 103

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It occur in skeletal muscles of human and other animals during extreme physical activities this is also happens in the bacteria present in milk.

Question: 104

Write two uses of fermentation in yeast ?

Answer: 104

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Beverages industries
Bakery industry

Question: 105

What is the energy budget of Respiration

Answer: 105

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Each NADH produces 3 ATP in electron transport chain The NADH generated in glycolysis gives 2 ATP because 1 ATP is spent transport it across the mitochondrial membrane Each FADH produces 2 ATP

Question: 106

What is meant by bioenergetics

Answer: 106

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Bioenergetics is the study of energy relationship and energy transformations in living organisms Organism obtain energy by metabolizing the food they eat or prepare Food contains potential energy in its bonds When these bonds are broken down a large amount of Kinetic energy is usually released Some of this energy is stored in the form of potential energy in the bonds of ATP molecules while the roast escapes as heat The potential energy stored to carry out life activities

Question: 107

Write accessory pigments for photosynthesis

Answer: 107

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Pigment are the substance that absorb visible, Different pigments absorb light of different wavelengths.

Question: 108

Describe Lactic Acid fermentation

Answer: 108

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It occurs in skeletal muscles of humans and others animals during extremes physical activities This also happens in the bacteria present in milk In this type of anaerobic respiration, each pyruvic acid molecule is converted into lactic acid

Question: 109

What is the energy budget of respiration ?

Answer: 109

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The NADH produce 3 ATP in electron transport chain. The NADH generated in glycolysis gives 2 ATP because 1 ATP is spent to transport it across the mitochondrial membrane.

Question: 110

What is cellular respiration?

Answer: 110

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The cellular energy weldingprocess is called cellularrespiration

Question: 111

What and when Calvin was awarded Nobel prize

Answer: 111

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in 1961 Melvin Calvin was awarded by Nobel prize for his work on details of dark reaction which is also known as Calvin cycle

Question: 112

Define lactic acid fermentation.

Answer: 112

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It occur in skeleton muscle of human and other animals during extreme physical activities. This also happen in the bacteria present in milk.

Question: 113

Who discovered the ATP molecule

Answer: 113

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Discovery of ATP ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and was proposed to be the main energy transfer molecule in the cell y the Nobel Prize winner Fritz Lipmann in 1941

Question: 114

Difference between photosynthesis and respiration

Answer: 114

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Characteristic Photosyothesis Respiration

1- Metabolisim Anabolism Catabolism

2-Organisms some bacteria All

cable of all algae Organisms

all plants

3-site of Choroplasts in cytoplasm

occurrence and

Mitochoriria

Question: 115

Describe the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis

Answer: 115

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The factos that effects on photosynthesis called limiting factos for photosynthesis

Effect of light: The rate of photosynthesis varies with and increases as intensity increases However at much higher light intensity the rate of photosynthesis becomes constant

Question: 116

NADPH Stand for what

Answer: 116

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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidephosphate

Question: 117

Why it is said all life depends on photosynthesis

Answer: 117

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The process by which utilizes sunlight to make food and oxygen from carbon dioxide life depend on photosynthesis

Question: 118

What is photosynthesis

Answer: 118

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Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis is the manufacturing of glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll with oxygen as a by product

Question: 119

What is ATP? Name the subunit of ATP molecular?

Answer: 119

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A- The major energy currency of all cells is a nucleotide called adenosinetriphosphateATP. Each type ATP moleculehas three subunits

1- adenine a double ringed nitrogenous base

2- a ribose a five carbon sugar

3- Three phosphate group in a linear chain.

Question: 120

Explain that electrons can be source of energy during oxidation reduction reactions

Answer: 120

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Electrons as a Source of energy release: Electrons can be an energy source It depends upon their location and arrangement in atoms

Question: 121

What is epidermis?

Answer: 121

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Epidermis is the outermost layer of our skin. Its main purpose is protection. The epidermis is made of our layer.

Question: 122

How much energy is evolved from one Mole of ATP

Answer: 122

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7.3 Kilocalories or 7300 Calories energy is evolved from one mole of ATP

Question: 123

What is pyruvic acid?

Answer: 123

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Pyruvic acid are completely oxidized to co2 and water and all energy is released. The overall reaction is as follows.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ______6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy.

Question: 124

What is Abbreviation of ATP

Answer: 124

124-147

ATP is the abbreviation of Adenosine Triphosphate It is major energy currency of cells

Question: 125

Define Fermentation Name its two types

Answer: 125

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Fermentation: Breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen is called fermentation or anaerobic respiration It yields very less energy

Question: 126

What is the Role of Light in Photosynthesis

Answer: 126

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Role of Light in Photosynthesis Light energy excites the electrons of chlorophyte which after form ATP and are used in reduction of carbon dioxide In this waylight energy is stored in the chemical bonds of glucose as chemical energy

Question: 127

What is redox reaction

Answer: 127

127-147

Chemical reactions in which exchange of electrons takes lace is called redox reaction It is a combination of two reactions i.e Oxidation reaction and reduction reactions Chemical reactions in living organism are almost redox reactioins

Question: 128

Define Dark Reaction

Answer: 128

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Dark Reaction: Dark Reaction is the second step of photosynthesis in carbon dioxide

In this process energy from high energy molecules ATP direct sunlight is used in these reactions that why these are called Dark Reactions Dark Reaction takes place in stroma ofchloroplast

Question: 129

Write down the three subunits of ATP

Answer: 129

129-147

Adenine double ringed nitrogenous base

A ribose five carbon sugar

Three phosphate groups in a linear chain

Question: 130

Which products are produced during photosynthesis

Answer: 130

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Glucose oxygen and water molecules are produced during photosynthesis

Question: 131

What is meant by photosystem

Answer: 131

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Photosynthetic pigments lie on thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts in cluster form called photosystem

Question: 132

Write names of main stages of Aerobic respiration

Answer: 132

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Stages of Aerobic Respiration

stages of aerobic respiration

Glycolysis

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

Question: 133

Define Light Reaction

Answer: 133

133-147

Photosynthesis occurs in two phase light energy is captured and is used to make high energy molecules ATP These reactions take place on the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts and known as light reactions Due to its shape it is called as Z scheme

Question: 134

Define Cellular Respiration

Answer: 134

134-147

Organisms utilize oxxygen for the breakdown of C-H bonds present in the food in their calls This breakdown yields energy which is transformed into ATP During this process the C-H bonds are broken by oxidation reduction reaction and so carbon dioxide and water are also produced The cellular energy-yielding process is called cellular reparation

Question: 135

Why it is said that all life depend on photosynthesis

Answer: 135

135-147

Photosynthesis is the manufacturing of glucose with oxygen as a by product from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyii

Question: 136

What is Limiting Factor

Answer: 136

136-147

Any environmental factor the absence or deficiency of which can decrease the rate of a metabolic reaction is called limiting factor for that reaction Many factors like light intensity temperature concentration of carbon dioxide and availability of water act as limiting factors for photosynthesis All life depends on hotosynthesis

Question: 137

What are Pigments

Answer: 137

137-147

Pigments are the substances that absorb visible light Different pigments absorb ligt of different wavelength Imprtant photosynthetic pigments are following

chlorophyii
chlorophyii b
carotenoids

Question: 138

What is Kreb Cycle

Answer: 138

138-147

In krebs cycle the pyruvic acid molecules are completely oxidized along with the formation of ATP, NADH and FADH Before entering inkers cycle pyruvic acid is changed into carbon compound called acetyl Coal

Question: 139

Name the compounds produced during respiration

Answer: 139

139-147

Carbon dioxide water and energy is obtained during respiration

Question: 140

How is Soya Sauce made

Answer: 140

140-147

Soya Sauce is made by fermentation of Soya plant with the help of a fungus named Aspergillus

Question: 141

What is Significance of Anaerobic Respiration

Answer: 141

141-147

Anaerobic respiration is a source of energy for anaerobic organisms Anaerobic respiration is a source of energy in aerobic organisms in case of deficiency of oxygen Anaerobic respiration is a source of many products e.g Ethyl Alcohol cheese etc

Question: 142

Write names of four limiting factors for photosynthesis

Answer: 142

142-147

Intensity of Light
Temperature
Carbon Dioxide
Availability

Question: 143

What is difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Answer: 143

143-147

Aerobic respiration is complete oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration

Question: 144

Differentiate between Alcoholic fermentation and Lactic acid fermentation

Answer: 144

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Alcoholic Fermentation:

it occurs in bacteria yeast etc
In this process pyruvic acid is furth3er broken down into alcohol and Co₂

Question: 145

What is meant by Electron Transport Chain

Answer: 145

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Electron transport chain is the final step of cellular respiration It is the transfer of elctron on an electron transport chain In this step NADH and FADH release electron and hydrogen ions, These electrons are taken up by a series of electron carriers When electrons move through the series of electron carriers they loose energy which is used to synthesize ATP At the end of chain electrons and hydrogen ions combine with molecular oxygen and form water

Question: 146

Names the final products of Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

Answer: 146

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Anaerobic Respiration: Lactic acid or Ethyl Alcohol or carbon dioxide are biproducts of anaerobic respiration

Question: 147

Difference between photosynthesis

Answer: 147

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