10th Class Chapter 6 Chemistry Long Questions

Polluted:

It is a waste material that pollute air,water and soil.It is addition of any foreign material into the environmemt which may harm or effect living organism or directly or indirectly.

Primary Pollutants:

The waste or exhaust products driven out because of combustion of fossil fuels and organic matter.

Secondary Polluttants:

Pollutants which are producd by various reactions of primary pollutants.

Effect of global warming rising of temperature:

The atmosphere temperature rises about O.05C° every year. It is because of accumulation of CO2 in air.

Weather Change:

It cause major changes in weather pattern. Extreme weather events are occurring more commonly and intensively than previously.

Risk of flood:

It melts glaciers and icecaps weather pattern. Extreme weather events are occurring more commonly and intensively than previously.

Risk of sea level:

Sea level is rising due to which low lying areas are liable to be submergible turning previously populated areas no longer haiabitable.

Green House Effects:

It is the warming of the atmosphere by the trapping of long wave radiation being radiated to space the gases most responsible for this effect are water vapor and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is not a poisonous gas .But its increasing concentration due to burning of fossil fuels in different human activities is alarming, because CO2 in the atmosphere acts like a glass well of green house.

So, it allows UV radiations to pass through it but it does not allow the IR radiations to pass through it. It taps some of the inferred radiations emitted by the earth, so increased concentrations of CO2 layer absorbs IR and prevent heat energy escaping from atmosphere it helps to stop surface from cooling down night. The average temperature of the surface is increasing gradually because concentration of CO2 increasing day by day and less heat energy is lost from the surface. This is a green house effect.

Naturally occurring sulphur containing compounds are cause of air pollution SO2 and SO3 pollute the air because of their pungent odour these are very insitant and suffocating ,through various reactions in the atmosphere they foam sulphate aerosols these aerosols cause severe respiratory particularly among older people.Sulphur dioxide is the major sources of acid deposition in the atmo bustion atmossphere.

Sources:

Sulphur compounds are emitted in the bacterial decay of organic matter in volcanic gases and forest fires concentration of sulphur compounds in nature is small because of limited natural issmall but these compounds which are emitted by combustion of fossil fuels in automobiles and industrial units are of higher concentration about 80% of the total SO2 is released by the combustion of coal and petroleum products as shown in figure below.

Effects of ozone depletion:

These are following effects of ozone depletion.

Skin Cancer:

Ultrative radiation come to all the surface of earth after ozone depletion and cause skin cancer to human beings and other animals.

Infection deseases:

Decrease o zone layer will increase infections disease like malaria.

Disruption of food chain:

Food chain is disturbed by change in life cycle of plants, so ozone depletion cause change in life cycle of plant.

Cause of climate change:

It can change the wind pattern which results in climate change all over the world.Asia and pacific will be the most effected regions facing climate inclose migration of people crisi.

The region of the atmosphere the earth surface upto km above is called troposphere it is the lowest region of the atmosphere in which we live it contains traces of ozone it is the earths weather phenomenon occur.

The waste or exhaust products driver at because of combustion of fossil fuels and organic matter.

Secondary pollutants:

Pollutants which are produced by various reactions of primary pollutants.

It is consumed in the process of photosynthesis result in the removal of a oxygen while animal use O2 during the process of respiration and give out CO2,SO natural balance exists between these necessary gases but human activities are disturbing this balance by using fuels these fuels axists CO2 by combination.

Emission of CO:

The source of emission CO is combination of fossil fuel fossil fuels burnt in combustion engine of any type of automobile like of any industry or open are fire emit CO fossil fuels includes coal petroleum and natural gas forest fires and burning of wood in limited oxygen emit CO.

The region of the atmosphere which is up to 50km is called stratosphere ozone is present in this layer at a height of about 28 km the concentration of ozone in this layer is 10 ppm (10 parts per million).

Chlorofluoro carbons are responsible for ozone layer depletion ultraviolet radiations break the C-CL bond in CFCL3.

It is a waste material that pollute air,water and soil it is addition of any foregion material into the environment which may harm or effect living organisms directly or indirectly.

Factors:

These are three factors that determine the severity of a pollutant chemical nature of pollutants concentration of pollutants persistence.

Atmosphere is a blanket of gases while environment include each and everything that surround us.

Atmosphere is the develop of different gases around the earth.

CO2, acts like a glass walls of green house it allows UV to pass through it but does not allow the IR rediations to pass it as concentration of gases increases less heat is lost from the surface so, average temperature increases called green house effect.

When rain water mixed with SO2, and NO2, it forms acid rain.

The region of the atmosphere from the earth surface upto 12km is called troposphere.

Ozone layer is formed by the reaction of CO2 and atomic oxygen the concentration of ozone remains nearly constant through a series of complex reaction.

A gas emitted form refrigerators air conditions plastics and paint making factors is called chlorofluoro carbons.

Chlorofluorocarbons

Hydrochlorofluoro carbons

Because global warming melts glacies and snow caps th ofat increasing flood risk.

Ozone is prepared by passing silent electrical discharge through pure cold and dry oxygen in a specially designed apperatus called ozonister.

A rain having a PH lower than that of natural rain due to the presence of H2SO4 and HNO3 is called rain acid.

Green house effect is proportional to amount of CO2 in air greater is amount of CO2 more is preparing of heat or warming due to increased warming this phenomenon is called global warming.

Co is an air polluted it is poisonous so it is a health hazard because it is colourless so its presence cannot be noticed early and readily.

The region in which ozone layer depletes is called ozone hole.

The atmosphere around the earth into four layers:

Troposphere

Stratosphere

Mesosphere

Themosphere

It causes skin cancer depletion of ozone layer will increase infections diseases like malaria.

The atmosphere earth world be lifeless carbon dioxide (CO)2 and oxygen (O2) are the most important gases for living organisms carbon dioxide is vital for use by plants by plants in photosynthesis in which plant use CO2 and water to convert the sun energy into food.

The stratosphere or good ozone layer extends upward from about 6 to 30 mills and protects life on earth from the sun harmful altraviolet.