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Question: 1
What is chronic bronchitis?
Answer: 1
1-133It usually lasts about three months to two years and it is develop by bronchi.
Question: 2
What is pneumonia?
Answer: 2
2-133It is an infection of lungs. If it effects both lungs is called double pneumonia.
Question: 3
What is glottis?
Answer: 3
3-133Glottis is a narrow opening at the floor of pharynx. Which leads into larynx.The air enters int the larynx through glottis.
Question: 4
How many types of bronchitis?
Answer: 4
4-133Bronchitis are of two type.
i. Acute bronchitis ii. Chronic bronchitis.
Question: 5
What trachea?
Answer: 5
5-133It is called wind pipe . IT IS 12cm long.There are C-shaped cartilaginous ring present in the wall of trachea.The cartilage keep the trachea in position and prevent it from collapsing even there is no air in it.
Question: 6
What is diaphragm.
Answer: 6
6-133It is thick muscular, dome shaped strucute present below the lungs. It helps in breathing.
Question: 7
Define gaseous exchange?
Answer: 7
7-133the process of taking oxygen in and given out CO2 is called gaseous exchange. It is 2 types
Brething, celluar respiration
Question: 8
Waht is stomata?
Answer: 8
8-133Thesee are small opeing which are present in the leaves and young stem epidermis.These helps in exchange of gases
Question: 9
Define breathing?
Answer: 9
9-133They physical movement associated with gaseous exchange is called breathing.
Question: 10
What are the causes of cancer?
Answer: 10
10-133i. Smoking ii. Ionizing radiation iii. Viral infection.
Question: 11
What is asthma?
Answer: 11
11-133It is chronic inflammation of bronchi which results in swelling and narrowing of air passageways.
Question: 12
What is acute bronchitis?
Answer: 12
12-133It usually lasts about two weeks . It has no permanent damage.
Question: 13
Define cellular respiration ?
Answer: 13
13-133Teh process in which the C-H bond of food is broken down into CO2 and H2O by using oxygen by oxidation reduction reaction is called cellular respiration.
Question: 14
What are causes of asthma?
Answer: 14
14-133Allergens, Irritants
Question: 15
Different between bronchi and bronchioles.
Answer: 15
15-133Trachea divided into two branches which are called bronthi. Each bronchus further divided in to fine tubes called bronchioles.
Question: 16
What is bronchitis?
Answer: 16
16-133It is the inflammation of the bronchi & bronchioles. It result i more secretions of mucous into these tubes. It leads to selling of tubes.
Question: 17
What are two phases of breathing.
Answer: 17
17-1331. Inspiration ii. Expiration
Question: 18
Difference between inspiration and expiration.
Answer: 18
18-133Intake of air from atmosphere into lungs is called inspiration and in expiration impure air is expelled out.
Question: 19
Why do organisms need energy?
Answer: 19
19-133The organisms need energy in the form of ATP for their activities and processes.
Question: 20
What structure are responsible for gaseous exchange in leaves and young stems?
Answer: 20
20-133Stomata and lenticels.
Question: 21
Name some respiratory disorders.
Answer: 21
21-133Bronchitis, Emphysema, Pneumonia, Asthma, Lungs cancer etc.
Question: 22
What are symptoms of Asthma?
Answer: 22
22-133Shortness of breath, Wheezing, Chronic cough, Tightness of chest.
Question: 23
What is the effect of carbon monoxide present in tobacco smoke?
Answer: 23
23-133CO in tobacco smoke decreases th O2 carrying capacity of hemoglobin.
Question: 24
What are causes of bronchitis?
Answer: 24
24-133It is caused by viruses, bacteria or exposure to chemical irritants.
Question: 25
What are bad effect of smoking?
Answer: 25
25-1331. Smoking causes cancer in kidney oral Cavity, larynx, breast, bladder.
2. Smoking effect air passage way.
iii. Smoking effect circulatory system
iv. Smoking cause arteriosclerosis and narrowing the arteries.
Question: 26
What lanticals. Describe their function?
Answer: 26
26-133In woody stems and mature roots the entire surface is covered by bark which is impervious to gases or water.However there are certain pones in the layer of bark.These are called the lenticels. The lenticels allow air to pass through them.
Question: 27
What is the effect of smoking on teeth?
Answer: 27
27-133Smoking causes weakening and staining of teeth.The loss of teeth is 2-3 times higher in smokes than in non-smokers.
Question: 28
How many carcinogens are found in cigarette smoke?
Answer: 28
28-133over 50
Question: 29
What is meant by arthritis ?
Answer: 29
29-133Arthritis means inflammation in joints
Question: 30
What is treatment of lungs cancer?
Answer: 30
30-133Chemotherapy ii. Radiotherapy
Question: 31
What are the major symptoms of arthritis ?
Answer: 31
31-133Pin , stiffness , Swelling of joints
Question: 32
What is passive smoking? What is its effect?
Answer: 32
32-133Inhalation of smoke from another's smoking is known as passive smoking. It may cause lungs cancer.
Question: 33
What is trachea?
Answer: 33
33-133The trachea is 12 cm long tube.It lies in front of the esophagus.It is also called as windpipe.These are C-shaped cartilaginous nings in the wall of trachea .The cartilages keep the trachea from collapsing even when there is no air in it.
Question: 34
Name the longest bone in our body
Answer: 34
34-133Thigh bone (femur)
Question: 35
What is lungs cancer.
Answer: 35
35-133It is disease of uncontrolled cell divisions in tissue of lungs.
Question: 36
What are causes of lungs cancer?
Answer: 36
36-133Carcinogens present in tobacco smoke
ii. Ionizing radiations
iii. Viral infection
Question: 37
Where is present hyoid bone ?
Answer: 37
37-133It is present in neck
Question: 38
What are preventive measures of lungs cancer?
Answer: 38
38-133i. Elimination of tobacco smoking
ii.Cessation of smoking.
Question: 39
What is W.H.O.
Answer: 39
39-133W.H.O means world Health Organization.
Question: 40
Name the chest bone .
Answer: 40
40-133Sternum
Question: 41
What are allergens?
Answer: 41
41-133Allergens are the chemical or substances that can irritate the respiratory tract are called allergens. For example pollens, fragrant particles, dust particle etc.
Question: 42
What is osteoarthritis?
Answer: 42
42-133It is the types of arthritis due to degeneration in the cartilage present at joints or due to decreased lubricants production at joints . In this arthritis , fusion of bones at joint may occur and joints become totally immoveable
Question: 43
Define skeleton . Write its function .
Answer: 43
43-133Skeleton is framework of hard , articulated structures
Question: 44
Does smoking effect only lungs?
Answer: 44
44-133No, smoking may also effect other organs of body e.g. kidneys, oral cavity, larynx, breast, bladder, pancrea etc.
Question: 45
Define asexual reproduction ,name its types .
Answer: 45
45-133Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes
1: Binary fission
2: Fragmentation
3: Budding
4: Parthenogenesis
5: Vegetative propagation
6: Spore formation
Question: 46
What is treatment of Asthma?
Answer: 46
46-133Bronchodilators ii. Antibiotics
Question: 47
What is osteoporosis ?
Answer: 47
47-133It is a bone disease in old men and women . There is decreased in density of bones due to loss of calcium and phosphorous
Question: 48
What is rheumatoid arthritis ?
Answer: 48
48-133It involves the inflammation of the membranes at joints . It symptoms are fatigue , low grade fever , pain and stiffness in joints
Question: 49
Define Nasal Cavity?
Answer: 49
49-133Nasal cavity is the hallow space in the nose open to the outside through nostrils and divided into two portions by a wall.
Question: 50
What is sporangium ?
Answer: 50
50-133It is generally seen in most fungi (e.g Rhizopus ) one of the cells enlarges and forms sporangium (spores sac ) in which spores are produced by meiosis
Question: 51
Name the 2 disorders of skeletal system
Answer: 51
51-1331: Osteoporosis
2: Arthritis
Question: 52
What are endospores ?
Answer: 52
52-133Spores formation also occur in bacteria such as clostridium and bacillus species . These bacterial spores are called endospores . They are thick walled and are formed under unfavorable conditions
Question: 53
Define reproduction .
Answer: 53
53-133Reproduction is defined as the production of individuals of the same species i-e the next generation of species . It is of two types
1: Sexual reproduction
2: A sexual reproduction
Question: 54
How many vertebrae are present in vertebral column ?
Answer: 54
54-13333 vertebrae
Question: 55
Differentiate between biceps and triceps
Answer: 55
55-133Biceps : Biceps is a flexor muscle on the front of the upper arm bone it originate from 2 tendons
Question: 56
How many bones are present in appendicular skeleton ?
Answer: 56
56-133126 bones
Question: 57
What are rhizomes. Give example .
Answer: 57
57-133Rhizomes are horizontal underground stems with scale leaves (rhizome ). These are enlarged portions called nodes on rhizomes . Buds are produced at nodes . The buds present on the upper surface of rhizome reproduce by rhizomes
Question: 58
What are treatments of arthritis?
Answer: 58
58-1331: Pain killer
2: Anti-inflammatory medicines
Question: 59
What is the significance of reproduction ?
Answer: 59
59-133Reproduction is thus essentials for the continuation of species . It ensures that the genetic material of one generation is transmitted to next
Question: 60
What are the types of arthritis ?
Answer: 60
60-1331: Osteoarthritis
2: Rheumatoid arthritis
3: Gout
Question: 61
What is the disadvantage of vegetative propagation?
Answer: 61
61-133The plants do not have genetic variations. Specific diseases can attack and this can result in the destruction of an entire crop.
Question: 62
How many bones are present in axial skeleton ?
Answer: 62
62-13380 bones
Question: 63
Briefly describe the technique of tissue culture?
Answer: 63
63-133Tissues are taken from any part of plants and are put in a suitable nutrient medium . The tissues cells starts mitosis and produce masses of cells called calluses Calluses are transferred to other medium that contain different hormones for the formation of roots ,stem ,and leaves . These structure grows into small new plants are them planted in pots and then in fields.
Question: 64
What are bulbs ? Give example .
Answer: 64
64-133Bubs are short underground stems surrounded by thick , fleshy leaves that contain stored food . Roots merge under the base of bulb while shoots emerge from top of the base . Tulips, onion and lilies reproduce by bulbs
Question: 65
What are the causes of osteoporosis ?
Answer: 65
65-1331: Malnutrition
(lack of proteins and vitamins C )
(lack of proteins and vitamins C )
2: Lack of physical activities
3: Deficiency of estrogen hormone
Question: 66
How does binary fission occur in bacteria ?
Answer: 66
66-133In bacteria , the DNA duplicates and forms two copies . Cell wall and membrane invaginates in centre and separates the cell into two . New cell wall is wall is deposited two cross membranes , which results in the formation of two daughter cell
Question: 67
What is budding ? How does it occur in yeast
Answer: 67
67-133In this type of asexual reproduction , a bud develops as a small outgrowth on parent body . In case of yeast ( a unicellular fungus ) a small bud is formed on one side of cell . The nucleus of cells divided and one of the daughter nuclei is passed into the bud of the parent cell mat form more than one bud at a time . Each bud enlarge and develops the characteristics of parent organism . The bud may separated from parent body
Question: 68
What is cranium ?
Answer: 68
68-133It is the part of the skull which enclose brain . It consists of 22 bones
Question: 69
What is lacuna ?
Answer: 69
69-133It is a fluid filled space in matrix of cartilage in which chondrocyte is present
Question: 70
What are corns ? Give example .
Answer: 70
70-133Corns are short and swollen underground stems contain stored food . Buds are present at the top of the corn . From a bud shoot grows and form a new plant . Dasheen and garlic reproduce by corns
Question: 71
Q.31. What is flower? What are its whorls?
Answer: 71
71-133Flower is the reproductive structure in sporophyte generations the outermost two whorls in a flowers are the non-reproductive whirls while the inner two whorls are the reproductive whorls
Question: 72
From what part seed and fruit develop?
Answer: 72
72-133Ovule becomes seed and ovary changes into fruit. after the act of double fertilization.
Question: 73
What is multiple fission ?
Answer: 73
73-133Some unicellular (e.g amoeba ) form hard walls called cysts around them under unfavorable condition . When favorable conditions return . the nucleus of parent divides into many daughter nuclei of cytoplasm into several parts . Each new part of cytoplasm encloses one nucleus . So an number of daughter cells are formed from a single parent at the same time this kind of fission is known as multiple fission
Question: 74
Howe many pairs of ribs are present in human being ?
Answer: 74
74-13312 pairs
Question: 75
Define pollination. Name its types?
Answer: 75
75-133Pollination is defined as the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma. Two types of pollination are recognized.(i) Self pollination(ii) Cross pollination
Question: 76
Define alternation of generations.
Answer: 76
76-133The life cycle of major plants show an alternation between two phases (generations) i-e sporophytes and gametophyte generations. The phenomenon in which two different generations alternate with each other during life cycle is known as alternation of generations.
Question: 77
What are stem tubers ? Give example .
Answer: 77
77-133Stem tubers are the enlarged portions of an underground stem (rhizome) These are aggregations of tiny buds in the form of eyes along the surface of the tuber . Each bud develops into shoot that grows upward and also produces roots . Potatoes and yarms reproduce by tubers
Question: 78
Explain briefly the method of grafting?
Answer: 78
78-133In grafting, a piece of stem is cut from the plant and is inserted into another plant with established root system. After a while, after the vascular bundles of the stem and the host plants have been connected to each other, the stem and the plant begin to grow together. This method is used to propagate many rose, peach tree, plum trees etc.
Question: 79
How does budding occur in corals ?
Answer: 79
79-133In corals , the bud do not detach from their parent body . By remaining attached to the main body these form big colonies
Question: 80
Define vegetative propagation ? What are its types ?
Answer: 80
80-133When vegetative parts of plants i-e roots, stem ,or leaves give rise to new plants , the process is called vegetative reproduction or vegetative propagation . It occurs naturally , and can also be brought about artificially
Question: 81
Define sporophyte generation?
Answer: 81
81-133In most plant the sporophytes generation is dominant . It is diploid (2N) and produces haploid (1N) spores by meiosis
Question: 82
Give example of animals in which binary fission occur ?
Answer: 82
82-133This type of asexual reproduction is common in planaria and many echinoderm
Question: 83
What are hilum and micropyele?
Answer: 83
83-133 A scar on seed coat is called hilum. It is where the seed is attached to ovary wall (fruit). At one end of hilum. there is micropyle. This is the same opening through which the pollen tube entered ovule and seed uses it for the absorption of water.
Question: 84
What is hypogeal germination? Give examples.
Answer: 84
84-133In hypogeal germination, the epicotyls elongates and forms the hook. In this type of germination, the cotyledons stay underground. Pea, maize and coconut germinate this way.
Question: 85
How does bryophyllum reproduce vegetatively ?
Answer: 85
85-133Vegetative propagation by leaves is not common and seen in plants such as bryophyllum (pather chut) . This plant has fleshy leaves adventitious buds when leaf falls on ground , the buds grows into new plants
Question: 86
What arc the conditions for seed germination.
Answer: 86
86-133Conditions for seed germination. Seed germination depends on both internal and external conditions. The internal conditions include a live embryo and sufficient food storage . The most important external conditions include water , oxygen and favorable temperature
Question: 87
Give examples of insect pollinated and wind pollinated flowers?
Answer: 87
87-133(i) Examples of insect pollinated flowers are buttercups, roses, wallflowers, sunflower, orchids etc.
(ii) Examples of wind pollinated flowers are grasses, hazel, willow, corn etc
Question: 88
What is calyx? What is the function?
Answer: 88
88-133Calyx is the outer most whorl and usually green in color. Its individual units are called sepals.. It protects the inner whorl at bud stage .
Question: 89
What is gyenoecium?
Answer: 89
89-133Fourth whorl of flower is gyenoecium which is the female reproductive part of flower. Its units are called carpals (or pistils)
Question: 90
What is parthenogenesis ? Give example .
Answer: 90
90-133Parthenogenesis is also considered as a asexual reproduction . In it , and unfertilized egg develops into new offspring ,some fishes ,frogs and insects reproduce by means of parthenogenesis
Question: 91
What is sexual reproduction?
Answer: 91
91-133Sexual reproduction involves the production and fusion of gametes. Special structures produce sperms and egg cells and there are various method in plants for bringing the sperm and egg nuclei together.
Question: 92
What are different parts of angiosperm seeds?
Answer: 92
92-133Angiosperm seeds consist of 3 distinct parts.
1: The embryo formed from zygote.
2: The endosperms tissue formed from endosperm nucleus, and
3: The seed coat which develops from the wall of ovule (integument)
Question: 93
What is the advantages of vegetative propagation.
Answer: 93
93-133The off springs produced through vegetative propagation are genetically identical. There- fore beneficial characteristics can be preserved.
Question: 94
What are parts of male reproduction system of rabbit ?
Answer: 94
94-133The male reproductive system of rabbits consists of a pair of testes that produce sperms , the associated ducts that transport sperms to external genitalia and glands that add secretions to sperms
Question: 95
What is the percentage of HIV infected people in Pakistan ?
Answer: 95
95-133According to UNAIDS estimates , some 70,000 to 80,000 persons , or 0.1 percent of the adults population in Pakistan , are infected with HIV
Question: 96
What is androceium?
Answer: 96
96-133Third whorl of flower is androceium which is the male reproduction part of flower. Its units are called stamens
Question: 97
What are sucker ? Give example
Answer: 97
97-133Suckers are lateral stems close to ground level . A sucker grows underground for some distance and then turns up producing the new plant . Mint and chrysanthemum reproduce in this way
Question: 98
What are sexually transmitted disease ? Give example
Answer: 98
98-133Sexually transmitted (STDS) are defined as diseases that are transmitted through sexual act e.g AIDS
Question: 99
Differentiate between spermatogenesis and oogenesis ?
Answer: 99
99-133The production of sperms in tests is calledspermatogenesisand the production of eggs in ovaries calledoogenesis
Question: 100
What is function of radical and plumule?
Answer: 100
100-133the radical of embryo develops into new root while the plumule develops into new shoot.
Question: 101
What is seed germination?
Answer: 101
101-133Seed germination is a process by which a seed embryo develops into or seedling. During . germination. embryo soaks up with water which causes it to swell, splitting the seed coat. Root is the first structure that emerges from the radical present in seed. It grows rapidly and absorbs water and nutrients from soil. In the next phase, plumule develops into tiny shoot which elongates and comes out of soil.
Question: 102
Define pollination . How its brought about
Answer: 102
102-133Cross pollination is the transfer of pollen grain from the flower on one plant to the flower on the plant of same species. Cross pollination is brought about by various agencies like, wind, water, bees birds. bats and other animals including man.
Question: 103
Define fertilization . What are its types ?
Answer: 103
103-133Fertilization is the process of union of male and female gametes to form zygote
Question: 104
Write a sequence of underground stems for vegetative propagation in onion, ginger, potato and garlic?
Answer: 104
104-133Bulb ,rhizome, stem tuber and corn
Question: 105
What is locus ?
Answer: 105
105-133The position of a gene on the chromosomes is called locus
Question: 106
Define double fertilization
Answer: 106
106-133One sperm fusses with egg. This results in the formation of a diploid zygote. The other sperm fuse with diploid fusion nucleus present inside the female gametophyte. It results ,1 the formation of , triploid nucleus called endosperm nucleus. Since the process of fertilization involve two fusions. it i: called double fertilization.
Question: 107
Define multiple alleles.
Answer: 107
107-133More than two alleles of a particular gene are called multiple alleles
Question: 108
What is seed dormancy?
Answer: 108
108-133Most seeds go through a period, during which there is no growth. This period is called the dormancy of the seed. Dormant seeds are ripe seed but do not germinate. Under favorable condition, the seed break dormancy and begin to germinate.
Question: 109
What is genotype ?
Answer: 109
109-133It is the form of appearance of an individual is called genotype
Question: 110
Who discovered chromosomes ?
Answer: 110
110-133Chromosomes was discovered by Waldeyar in 1876
Question: 111
What is semen ?
Answer: 111
111-133Semen is the material containing sperms in a fluid . It consists of 10 % sperms and 90% fluids . As the sperms pass down the ducts from testes to urethra , the associated glands add various secretions
Question: 112
What is corolla? What is its role ?
Answer: 112
112-133Corolla is the inner to calyx. It is often colored brightly. Its individual units are called petal. The. serve to attract bees, birds, etc which are the agents of pollination.
Question: 113
What are the effect of summer on male-rabbits ?
Answer: 113
113-133Male rabbits are sterile during the heat of summer months
Question: 114
Define gametogenesis .
Answer: 114
114-133The formation of gametes is called gametogenesis . In this process , diploid (2N) gamete-mother cells undergo meiosis and differentiate to form mature haploid (1N) gametes
Question: 115
What is homologous pair of chromosomes ?
Answer: 115
115-133The chromosomes , which are similar in their shape , size and position of centromere , make one homologous pair
Question: 116
What is epigeal germination?Give examples
Answer: 116
116-133In epigeal germination, the hypocotyls elongates and forms hook, pulling the cotyledons above ground. Beans, cotton and papaya are examples of plants that germinate this way.
Question: 117
What are the parts of female reproductive system of rabbits ?
Answer: 117
117-133The female reproductive system of rabbit consists of ovaries and associated ducts
Question: 118
What is the composition of ribonucleotide ?
Answer: 118
118-1331: Phosphate group
2: Ribose sugar
3: Nitrogenous base
Question: 119
Define karyotype .
Answer: 119
119-133The entire chromosomes complement of an individual or cell is called karyotype
Question: 120
Define self pollination?
Answer: 120
120-133Self pollination is defined as the transfer of pollen grain front the anther to stigma of the some iii flower or other flower of the same plant.
Question: 121
Define alleles ?
Answer: 121
121-133Patterns of gene pair is called alleles
Question: 122
Define genetics .
Answer: 122
122-133The study of inheritance and genetic material is called genetics
Question: 123
State the law of segregation ?
Answer: 123
123-133The two coexisting alleles of an individual for each trait segregate during gamete formation so that each gamete gets only one of the two alleles . This is called Mendel's law of segregation
Question: 124
Differentiate between epicotyls and hypocotyls?
Answer: 124
124-133The embryonic stem above the point of attachment of cotyledon (s) is called epicotyls .The embryonic stem below the point of attachmentis called hypocotyls
Question: 125
What is linkage ?
Answer: 125
125-133The phenomenon of staying together of all the genes of a chromosomes is called linkage
Question: 126
What problems are associated with human over population ?
Answer: 126
126-133Many problems are associated with human over population
Question: 127
What is the composition of deoxyribonucleotide ?
Answer: 127
127-133It is composed of
1: Phosphate group
2: Deoxyribose nucleus
3: Nitrogenous base
Question: 128
What is optimum temperature for germination of seeds ?
Answer: 128
128-133The optimum temperature for the germination of the seeds of most plants ranges from 25-30°C
Question: 129
Define crossing over .
Answer: 129
129-133An exchange of segments between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes occurs at the chiasmata . This process is called crossing over
Question: 130
What is the role of seminal vesicles , prostate , and Cowper's glands ?
Answer: 130
130-133Seminal vesicles produce secretions that provide nutrients for sperms . Prostate gland produces a secretion that neutralizes the acidity . Cowper's gland produce secretions that lubricate that ducts
Question: 131
How many NGOs are working in Pakistan ? What are their objectives
Answer: 131
131-133According to the latest data by the world bank , at least 54 NGOs are working in Pakistan for HIV AIDS public awareness and for the cure and support of person living with HIV/AIDS
Question: 132
What is genome ?
Answer: 132
132-133The total amount of genetic material in a chromosomes set of an individual is called its genome
Question: 133
What is the unit of DNA?
Answer: 133
133-133Deoxyribonucleotide
