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10th Class Chapter 6 Biology Short Questions

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Question: 1
Define genetics?
Answer: 1
1-45
The study of inheritance and genetic material is called genetics.
Question: 2
What are genes ? What is meant by biological inheritance ?
Answer: 2
2-45
Genes are the units of inheritance because these determine inherited character . The terms hereditary and inheritance are more or less synonymous . Biological inheritance is the passage of traits determined by genes from one generation to the next
Question: 3
What is homologous pair or chromosomes?
Answer: 3
3-45
Two chromosomes, which are similar in their shape, size and position of centromere, make one homologous pair.
Question: 4
What is test cross ?
Answer: 4
4-45
It is a matching in which an individual showing a dominant phenotype is crossed with an individual showing its recessive phenotype
Question: 5
What are the genes of Medelian factors . Who coined the term genes first time ?
Answer: 5
5-45
For him these were discrete physical units of inheritance . Johanson coined the term gene and people started calling them genes . Today for us these factors are parts of DNA , the base sequence that carry the biological information to determine a triat . Mendel's factors are alleles of genes
Question: 6
Who discovered chromosomes?
Answer: 6
6-45
Chromosomes were discovered by waldeyer in 1876
Question: 7
What is karyotype?
Answer: 7
7-45
the entire chromosomes complement of an individual or cell is called karyotype.
Question: 8
Pick up the homozygotes from the following
TT, tt , Tt ,Rr ,Yr
Answer: 8
8-45
TT ,tt
Question: 9
What is locus?
Answer: 9
9-45
the position of a gene on the chromosome is called locus.
Question: 10
How many linkage groups are present in frog and man each ?
Answer: 10
10-45
The number of linkage groups corresponds to the number of homologous pairs of chromosomes . You have 23 linkage groups .A frog has 13 linkage groups
Question: 11
Pick out the heterozygote from the following
TT,Rr, IAi. IAI , RR
Answer: 11
11-45
Rr ,IAi
Question: 12
What is hereditary disease ? How is it cured ?
Answer: 12
12-45
A hereditary disease is a body malfunction caused by a gene . It cannot be cured unless the malfunctioning gene is repaired or replaced by a normal one
Question: 13
Define hereditary ?
Answer: 13
13-45
Transfer of characters from parents to off springs is called hereditary
Question: 14
What is genome?
Answer: 14
14-45
The total amount of genetic material in a chromosome set of an individual is called its genome.
Question: 15
Does the distance between genes affect linkage ?
Answer: 15
15-45
Closer the two gene loci, more strongly are their genes linked . The father apart two genes lie greater are the chances of their separation through crossing over
Question: 16
Define heredity?
Answer: 16
16-45
Transfer of characteristics from parents to off springs is called heredity.
Question: 17
What are autosomes ?
Answer: 17
17-45
Autosomes do not carry any sex determining gene . All chromosomes other than sex chromosomes are called autosomes . The genes on autosomes determines autosomal traits
Question: 18
State the law of Segregation?
Answer: 18
18-45
The two coexisting alleles of an individual for each trait segregate during gamete formation so that each gamete gets only one of the two alleles. This is called Mendel's law of segregation.
Question: 19
What is the function of DNA polymerase enzyme ?
Answer: 19
19-45
DNA polymerase enzyme helps in binding the fresh nucleotides to the template strand
Question: 20
many genes are required for appearance of traits ?
Answer: 20
20-45
Traits with a few phenotypes are determined by a few alleles of a gene . Traits with many phenotypes need many alleles of different gene
Question: 21
Where are synthesized the restriction enzymes ? What is their use ?
Answer: 21
21-45
Bacteria make restriction enzymes for their own defense . These enzymes cut unwanted DNA into pieces
Question: 22
In which condition RBCs are decreased in numbers?
Answer: 22
22-45
Anemia or anemic condition.
Question: 23
In which condition RBCs are decreased in numbers ?
Answer: 23
23-45
Anemia or anemic condition
Question: 24
Why more genes are found on X-chromosomes than Y-chromosomes ?
Answer: 24
24-45
X-being larger has more number of genes while Y-being smaller has small number of genes
Question: 25
State the law of independent assortment?
Answer: 25
25-45
When two contrasting pairs of traits are followed in in the same cross, their alleles assort independently into gametes. This called law of independent assortment.
Question: 26
What are multiple alleles ?
Answer: 26
26-45
More than two alternative form of a gene are called multiple alleles
Question: 27
What is linkage?
Answer: 27
27-45
The phenomenon of staying together of all the genes of a chromosome is called linkage.
Question: 28
What is the difference between transcription and translation ?
Answer: 28
28-45
Transcription : Copying of DNA - encoded information into RNA-encoded information is called transcription
Question: 29
What is gene mutation?
Answer: 29
29-45
Sudden change in the strucute of gene due to radiations of chemicals is called gene mutation.
Question: 30
How does a son or daughter get sex chromosome from their parent ?
Answer: 30
30-45
A son receive X-chromosomes from his mother any Y from his father . A daughter receive one X from her father and other X from her mother
Question: 31
What is test cross?
Answer: 31
31-45
It is a matching in which an individual showing a dominant phenotype is crossed with an individual showing its recessive phenotype.
Question: 32
What is punnett square ?
Answer: 32
32-45
It is a simple method for tracking the kinds of gametes and their all possible combinations at fertilization . Each block of square represents a possible combination of alleles . It was proposed by a British mathematician named punnett
Question: 33
Who presented the model of structure of DNA and what is its structure of DNA ?
Answer: 33
33-45
James Watsons and Franc's of DNA in the model for structure of DNA in 1953 . They gave the double helix structure DNA
Question: 34
What is the thickness of DNA?
Answer: 34
34-45
2 nm.
Question: 35
Define alleles?
Answer: 35
35-45
Partners of a gene pair are called alleles.
Question: 36
What is template ?
Answer: 36
36-45
During replication each strand of parent DNA which forms its copies is called template
Question: 37
What is multiple alleles?
Answer: 37
37-45
More than two alternative form of a gene are called multiple alleles.
Question: 38
Define phenotype?
Answer: 38
38-45
It is the form of appearance of a trait in an individual.
Question: 39
What is the base sequence of DNA ?
Answer: 39
39-45
Arrangements of nitrogenous bases in a linear order in DNA molecule is called base sequence
Question: 40
Define crossing over?
Answer: 40
40-45
An exchange of segments between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes occurs at the chiasmata.This process is called crossing over.
Question: 41
What are homozygous and heterozygous organism ?
Answer: 41
41-45
When the both alleles of a gene pair are different in an organism are same , the organism are homozygous for that gene pair . When the alleles of a gene pair are different in an organism , the organism is heterogenous for the gene pair
Question: 42
What is template?
Answer: 42
42-45
During replication each strand of parents DNA which forms its copies is called template.
Question: 43
What is the unit of DNA.
Answer: 43
43-45
Deoxyriboncleotide.
Question: 44
What are dominant and recessive traits ?
Answer: 44
44-45
The trait of parents Which appears in F1 generation is called dominant trait and hidden or suppressed trait which does not appear in F1 generation is called recessive trait
Question: 45
What is genotype?
Answer: 45
45-45
The genetic makeup of an individual is called its genotype.

10th Class Biology Chapters Short Questions